GARDIN DOMESNIL, N., professor of theto- and, Oct. 1741, acted Richard III. for the fir cat Paris, and an eminent scholar; he wrote time. His acting was attended with the loades Laun synonymes, and died in 1902. acclamations of applause; and his fame was GARDINER. Stephea, bishop of Winchester. quickly propagated through the town, that th and chancellor of England, was born at Bury more established theatres of Drury Lane an St. Edmund's, in Suffolk, 1483. His character as Covent Garden were deserted. These patenter a minister is to be drawn from the general his-alarmed at the great deficiency in the receipts tories: he had a large portion of haughtiness, boundless ambition, and deep dissimulation; for Sallooked on religion as an engine of state, and ate use of it as such. He died in 1555. GARDINER, James, a colonel in the army of orge II., born in Scotland, 1668, was equally rable for the virtues of piety and personal Sourage, and died bravely fighting against the bels at Preston-pans, near Edinburgh, in 1745. GARENGEOT, Rene, Jacques, Croissant de, a Trench surgeon of great reputation he wrote several valuable works, and died in 1759.

GARESSOLES, Anthony, a native of Monauban, who wrote several theological works,

their houses, and at the crowds which constantly ulled the theatre of Goodman's Fields, un their efforts to destroy the new-raised seat theatrical empire; in consequence of which Garrick entered into an agreement with Fleet wood. patentee of Drury Lane, for 500l. a year The fame of our English Roscius was now extended, that an invitation from Ireland, very profitable conditions, was sent him to a in Dublin during the months of June, Ju and Angust, 1742; which invitation he accep His success there exceeded all imagination: was caressed by all ranks as a prodigy of the trical accomplishments; and the play-house wh so crowded during this hot season, that a ro GARET, John, a Benedictine of St. Maur, mortal fever was produced, which was called eorn at Havre de Grace, died in 1694. Garrick's fever. He returned to London belo GARLANDE Jean de. a grammarian, ob- the winter, and now attended closely to bis the med some celebrity by his poem on the Con- atrical profession, in which he was irrevocab the World," &c.; he was living in fixed. April, 1747, he became joint patentee o Drury Lane theatre with Mr. Lacy; and GARNET, Henry, a person memorable in July, 1749, married Mademoiselle Violetti. English history, for having been privy to, and 1763, he undertook a journey into Italy for the siding in, the celebrated conspiracy called The benefit of his health; and during his travels unpowder Plot," was executed at the west gave frequent proofs of his theatrical talents cd of St. Paul's, May 3, 1606.

died in 1650.

for he could, without the least preparatio GARNETT, Dr. Thomas, an English physi- transform himself into any character, tragic c13a and natural philosopher, was born in 1766. comic, and seize instantaneously upon any pa After having studied medicine and chymistry, sion of the human mind. After he had be and graduated at Edinburgh, he delivered seve- abroad about a year and a half, he turned ral courses of lectures on chymistry and expe- thoughts homewards, and arrived in Lond rumental philosophy, at Manchester, Liverpool, April, 1765. In 1769 he projected and conducte &c. He was soon after elected professor of the memorable Jubilee at Stratford, in hone philosophy, in Anderson's Institution at Glas of Shakspeare, so much admired by some, a w; and his leisure hours in Scotland were so much ridiculed by others. On the death o employed in collecting materials for his Tour Mr. Lacy in 1773, the whole management rough the Highlands, and part of the Western the theatre devolved on him; but, being l Isles." Dr. Garnett afterwards accepted an in-vanced in years, and much afflicted with chron vitation from the new royal institution, in Lon-cal disorders, he finally left it in June, 1776, and don; where, for one season, he was professor disposed of his moiety of the patent to Messieurs of natural philosophy and chymistry, and deli- Sheridan, Linley, and Ford, for 35,000. 1 vered the whole of the lectures. On retiring died Jan. 20, 1779. Notwithstanding his cor from this situation, as being too laborious for stant employ as both actor and manager, b the state of his health, be commenced a course was perpetually producing various little th of lectures at his house, on Zoonomia, or the in the dramatic way; some of which are on. Laws of Animal Life, arranged according tonals; others translations or alterations fr the Brunonian theory. From a patient, whom other authors, adapted to the taste of the prest he attended in a fever, he caught the infection, times. and died in 1802.

GARNIER, Robert, a French tragic poet,
1534, died 1590.
NIER, John, a jesuit, professor of rhe-
philosophy, died in 1681.
ER, Julian, a Benetine monk, died

Italian painter,

at painter, born
He was prin-
th, and died in

GARRIEL, Peter, he wrote an account Montpelier cathedral, in 1631.

GARSAULT, Francis Alexander, a learned Frenchman; he wrote the anatomy of the bor and died at Paris, in 1778.

GARTH, Sir Samuel, an excellent poet an physician, and author of a most admirable satire called "The Dispensary," was born in York shire. After having eminently distinguishe himself, as well by his various poetical produc tions as by his professional merit, be died Jan 18, 1718-19.

GARTHSHORE, Maxwell, a physician and officer of the re-an accoucheur, who practised in London, with f the first settlers great reputation, near fifty years, was a Fellow he was afterwards of the Royal Society; born in 1732, in Scotland died in London, in 1812. Some papers of his will be found in "The Philosophical Transac tions."

xcellent English actor, aptized there, Feb. 28, da noviciate at Ipswich,

GARZI, Lewis, a painter, considered the su nce at Goodman's Fields;cessful rival of Carlo Marat. died in 1791

GASCOIGNE, Sir William, chief justice of GATAKER, Charles, son of the preceding, Le King's Bench in the reign of Henry IV, was and a writer on controversial divinny, bord orn in 1350. How much he distinguished him-1614, died in 160. elf in his high office appears from the several GATES, Sir Thomas, one of the first govern bstracts of his opinions, arguments, distinctions, ors of the colony of Virginia, about 1609, and nd decisions which occur in our old books of again, on returning from England, in 1611; he w reports; but he is said to have distinguished died in the East-Indies. imself above his brethren by a most memorable ansaction in the latter end of the king's reign. servant of the prince of Wales, afterwards enry V., being arraigned for felony at the bar the King's Bench, the news soon reached his aster's ears, who, hastening to the court, orred him to be unfettered, and offered to rescue im; in which, being opposed by the judge, who mmanded him to leave the prisoner and deart, he rushed furiously up to the bench, and, it is generally affirmed, struck the chief justice en sitting in the execution of his office. Herepon Sir William, after some expostulation upon e outrage, indignity, and unwarrantable inrruption of the proceedings in that place, diectly committed him to the king's bench prison, here to wait his father's pleasure. The prince abmitted to his punishment with a calmness no ss sudden and surprising than the offence had een which drew it upon him; and the king, eing informed of the whole affair, was so far rom being displeased with the justice, that he eturned thanks to God, "That he had given in both a judge who knew how to administer, and a son who could obey justice." The prince so, who had for some time led a dissolute life, vas entirely reformed thereby, and afterwards ecame with the title of Henry V., that renowned ing who conquered France. Sir William died n 1413.

GATES, Horatio, a major general, and a distinguished officer of the American army during the revolution. He was a major in the British service, at the defeat of general Braddock; at the declaration of independence, he was made adjutant general, afterwards commander of the northern army, to which general Burgoyne sur rendered in 1777; in 1780, he was appointed commander of the southern army; after the war he returned to his farm, from which he removed to New-York, where he died in 1806.

GATIMOSIN, the last of the Mexican kings. He was cruelly tortured in a fiery ordeal by Cortez, and three years after was hanged in his capital in 1526.

GAUBIL, Anthony, a French missionary in China, where he resided 30 years; he died in 1759.

GAUBIUS, Jerome David, a native of Heidelberg, professor of medicine, and lecturer on botany and chymistry, died in 1780.

GAUD, Henry, a painter and engraver, of Utrecht, died in 1639.

GAUDEN, John, bishop of Worcester born in 1605, celebrated for his zeal in the cause of the unfortunate king Charles, and reputed (though falsely) the author of "Eikon Basilike," died in 1662.

GAUDENTIO, a painter, of Milan, born about

1480.

GASCOIGNE, George, a celebrated poet in
he early part of the reign of queen Elizabeth,
was bred to the law, but became a soldier, and
erved with credit in the wars of the Low Coun-line, Greek professor, died in 1648.
ries. He was author of four dramatic pieces,
and several poems; the most remarkable of
which was a satire called "The Steel Glass;"
e died in 1577. His works were most collected
n 1587.

GAUDENTIUS, St., a bishop of Brescia, he wrote sermons, letters, &c., and died in 427. GAUDENZIO, Paganin, a native of Valte

GASPARINI, a celebrated grammarian, born 1370, died in 1431. He is deservedly recorded as one of the first restorers of good Latin in Italy. GASSENDI, Peter, a very eminent French hilosophical, moral, and mathematical writer, oru in 1592, died at Paris, in 1655.

GAULI, Giovanni Baptista, a painter, of Genoa, died at Rome, in 1709.

GAULMIN, Gilbert, a French writer of some celebrity, died in 1665.

GAUPP, John, a native of Lindau, educated at Jena, was an able mathematician; he died in 1738.

GAURICO, Luca, an Italian professor of astronomy, at Ferrara, died in 1558.

GAUSSEM, Jane Catharine, a celebrated actress, retired from the theatre from motives of religion; she died at Paris, in 1767.

GASSION, John de, a native of Pau, marshal of France, eminently distinguished for his valour n war, fell at the siege of Lens, in 1647. GAST, John, a native of Dublin, he published Fome works of merit, for which the university GAVANTS, Bartholomew, a Barnabite monk, of Dublin honoured him with a degree of D. D.author of some works; died at Milan, in 1638. without the usual expenses; he died in 1788. GAVESTON, Peter, a favourite of Edward GASTALDI, John Baptiste, a native of Siste-II., was proud, overbearing, and cruel; he was on, an eminent physician, died in 1747. beheaded in 1312.

GAUSHIER, Jean Baptiste, a French abbe, he wrote a "Tract against Pope's Essay on Man," and died of a fall in 1755.

GASTAUD, Francis, an ecclesiatic of Aix, he insulted the bishop of Marseilles in his writngs, and was denied the honours of sepulture; e died in 1732.

GASTON of France, John Baptist, duke of Orleans, was son of Henry IV., and brother of Lewis XIII.; he died in 1660.

GASTON DE FOIX, duke of Nemours, early stinguished himself in the army in Italy; he ell in battle in 1512.

GASTRELL, Francis, bishop of Chester, and controversial writer, born in 1662, died in 1725. SATAKER, Thomas, an English divine, and tical and theological writer, born in London, 1574, died in 1651.

GAY, John, an English poet, born in 1688. His amiable qualities recommended him to the acquaintance of Swift and Pope, who were exceedingly struck with the open sincerity, the undisguised simplicity of his manners, and the easiness of his temper. In 1712 he produced his celebrated poem, called "Trivia, or, the Art of walking the Streets;" and the following year, at the instance of Pope, formed the plan of his "Pastorals." The "Shepherd's Week" came out in 1714, with a dedication to Lord Bolingbroke. Gay was soon after introduced at court, and for several years experienced the usual vicissitudes of favour and of mortification incident to such a life. His opinions of a c

W

Sez

Ore

he

William, chief justice of e reign of Henry IV, was uch he distinguished himppears from the several

GATAKER, Charles, son of the preceding, and a writer on controversial divinny, bora 1614, died in 16-0.

GATES, Sir Thomas, one of the first govern 4, arguments, distinctions,ors of the colony of Virginia, about 1609, and again, on returning from England, in 1611; he died in the East-Indies.

ccur in our old books of aid to have distinguished en by a most memorable GATES, Horatio, a major general, and a disend of the king's reign. tinguished officer of the American army during e of Wales, afterwards the revolution. He was a major in the British ed for felony at the bar service, at the defeat of general Braddock at e news soon reached his the declaration of independence, he was made stening to the court, or-adjutant general, afterwards commander of the northern army, to which general Burgoyne sur rendered in 1777; in 1780, he was appointed commander of the southern army; after the war he returned to his farm, from which he removed to New-York, where he died in 1806.

ed, and offered to rescue posed by the judge, who ve the prisoner and deup to the bench, and, struck the chief justice ion of his office. Hereome expostulation upon and unwarrantable inedings in that place, dithe king's bench prison, pleasure. The prince ent with a calmness no g than the offence had, n him; and the king, hole affair, was so far th the justice, that he "That he had given ew how to administer, justice." The prince me led a dissolute life, ereby, and afterwards enry V., that renowned nce. Sir William died

GATIMOSİN, the last of the Mexican kings. He was cruelly tortured in a fiery ordeal by Cortez, and three years after was hanged in his capital in 1526.

GAUBIL, Anthony, a French missionary in China, where he resided 30 years; he died in 1759.

GAUBIUS, Jerome David, a native of Heidelberg, professor of medicine, and lecturer on botany and chymistry, died in 1780.

GAUD, Henry, a painter and engraver, of Utrecht, died in 1639.

GAUDEN, John, bishop of Worcester born in 1605, celebrated for his zeal in the cause of the unfortunate king Charles, and reputed (though falsely) the author of "Eikon Basilike," died in 1662.

GAUDENTIO, a painter, of Milan, born about

1480.

, a celebrated poet in n of queen Elizabeth, became a soldier, and GAUDENZIO, Paganin, a native of Valtewars of the Low Coun-line, Greek professor, died in 1648. f four dramatic pieces, e most remarkable of ed "The Steel Glass ;" rks were most collected

GAUDENTIUS, St., a bishop of Brescia, he wrote sermons, letters, &c., and died in 427.

rated grammarian, born is deservedly recorded as of good Latin in Italy. a very eminent French nd mathematical writer, ris, in 1655.

a native of Pau, marshal stinguished for his valour of Lens, in 1647.

e of Dublin, he published for which the university m with a degree of D. D. nses; he died in 1788.

GAULI, Giovanni Baptista, a painter, of Genoa, died at Rome, in 1709.

GAULMIN, Gilbert, a French writer of some celebrity, died in 1665.

GAUPP, John, a native of Lindau, educated at Jena, was an able mathematician; he died in 1738.

GAURICO, Luca, an Italian professor of astronomy, at Ferrara, died in 1558.

GAUSSEM, Jane Catharine, a celebrated actress, retired from the theatre from motives of religion; she died at Paris, in 1767.

GAUSHIER, Jean Baptiste, a French abbe, he wrote a "Tract against Pope's Essay on Man," and died of a fall in 1755.

GAVANTS, Bartholomew, a Barnabite monk, author of some works; died at Milan, in 1638. GAVESTON, Peter, a favourite of Edward aptiste, a native of Siste-II., was proud, overbearing, and cruel; he was ian, died in 1747. beheaded in 1312. s, an ecclesiatic of Aix, of Marseilles in his writhe honours of sepulture;

, John Baptist, duke of enry IV., and brother of in 1660.

GAY, John, an English poet, born in 1688. His amiable qualities recommended him to the acquaintance of Swift and Pope, who were exceedingly struck with the open sincerity, the undisguised simplicity of his manners, and the easiness of his temper. In 1712 he produced his celebrated poem, called "Trivia, or, the Art of walking the Streets;" and the following year, at the instance of Pope, formed the plan of his "Pastorals." The "Shepherd's Week" is, bishop of Chester, and came out in 1714, with a dedication to Lord born in 1662, died in 1725.Bolingbroke. Gay was soon after introduced at 5. an English divine, and court, and for several years experienced the writer, born in London, usual vicissitudes of favour and of mortification incident to such a life. His opinions of a con

duke of Nemours, early in the army in Italy; he

teatus, prepared himself for those great discove-From France he returned to America in 1785, ries in science which have since associated and lived five years after this period. for three his name with that of Newton, and for those years he was president of the General Assembly political reflections which have placed him by of Pennsylvania; he was a member of the con the side of a Solon and a Lycurgus. Soonvention that established the new form of fede after his removal from Boston to Philadelphia, ral government; and his last public act was a Franklin,in concert with some other young men, grand example for those who are employed in established a small club; where every meniber, the legislation of their country. In this conven after his work was over, and on holidays, brought tion he had differed in some points from the his stock of ideas, which were submitted to dis-majority; but, when the articles were ulticussion. This society of which the young print-mately decreed, he said to his colleagues, "We er was the soul, has been the source of every ought to have but one opinion; the good of our useful establishment in Penusylvania calculated country requires that the resolution be unanim to promote the progress of science, the mechanious;" and he signed. He died April 17, 1790. cal arts, and particularly the improvement of As an author, he never wrote a work of any the hunian understanding. Higher employ-length. His political works consist of letters inents, however, at length called him from his or short tracts; but all of them, even those of country, which he was destined to serve more humour, bear the marks of his observing genius effectually as its agent in Englaud, whither he and mild philosophy. He wrote many for that was sent in 1757. The stamp act, by which the rank of people who have no opportunity for British minister wished to familiarize the Amer-study, and whom it is yet of so much cons icans to pay taxes to the mother-country, re-quence to instruct; and he was well skilled in vived that love of liberty which had led their reducing useful truths to maxims easily retained, forefathers to a country at that time a desert; and sometimes to proverbs, or little tales, the and the colonies formed a congress, the first idea simple and natural graces of which acquire a of which had been communicated to them by new value when associated with the name of Franklin, at the conferences at Albany, in 1754. their author. In short, the whole life of FrankThe war that was just terminated, and the lin, his meditations, and his labours, have all exertions made by them to support it, had given been directed to public utility; but the grand them a conviction of their strength; they op-object that he had always in view did not shut posed this measure, and the minister gave way, his heart against private friendship: he loves but reserved the means of renewing his attempts.his family, his friends, and was extremely bene Once cautioned, however, they remained on ficent. In society he was sententious, but not their guard; liberty, cherished by their alarms, fluent; a listener rather than a talker; an intook deep root; and the rapid circulation of forming rather than a pleasing companion: in ideas by means of newspapers, for the intro-patient of interruption, he often mentioned the duction of which they were indebted to the custom of the Indians, who always remain st printer of Philadelphia, united them together to lent some time before they give an answer to a resist every fresh enterprise. In the year 1766, question which they have heard attentively this printer, called to the bar of the house of unlike some of the politest societies in Europe, commons, underwent that famous interrogatory, where a sentence can scarcely be finished withwhich placed the name of Franklin as high in out interruption. In the midst of his greatest politics, as it was before in natural philosophy. occupations for the liberty of his country, he From that time he defended the cause of Amer-had some physical experiment near him in his ica with a firmness and moderation becoming a closet; and the sciences, which he had rather great man, pointing out to ministry all the errors discovered than studied, afforded him a con they had committed, and the consequences they tinual source of pleasure. He made various be would induce, till the period when, the tax on quests and donations to cities, public bodies, the tea meeting the same opposition as the stamp-and individuals; and requested that the followact had done, England blindly fancied herself ing epitaph, which he had composed for himself capable of subjecting by force 3,000,000 of men some years before, might be inscribed on his determined to be free, at a distance of 2000 tombstone:

"The body of

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Printer, (like the cover of an old book,

its contents torn out,

and stript of its lettering and gilding)
lies here food for worms;
yet the work itself shall not be lost,
will (as he believed) appear once more

in a new

and more beautiful edition,
corrected and amended

leagues. Every man is acquainted with the particulars of that war; but every man has not equally reflected on the bold attempt of Franklin as a legislator. Having asserted their independence, and placed themselves in the rank of nations, the different colonies, now the United States of America, adopted each its own form of government; and, retaining almost universally their admiration for the British constitution, framed them from the same principles vari- but ously modelled. Franklin alone, disengaging the political machine from those multiplied movements and admired counterpoises that rendered it so complicated, proposed the reducing it to the simplicity of a single legislative body. This grand idea startled the legislators of Pennsylvania: but the philosopher removed the fears of FRANKLIN, William, son of Dr. Franklin, a considerable number, and at length determin-embraced the side of Britain, in the revolution ed them to the adoption of his principle. Having ary war, was taken prisoner, and afterwards given laws to his country, Franklin undertook suffered to retire to England, where he died. He again to serve it in Europe, not by representa- was the last royal governor of New-Jersey. tions to the metropolis, or answers at the bar of FRANKLIN, Dr. Thomas, one of the king' the house of commons; but by treaties with chaplains, and rector of Brasted, in Kent. This Franee, and successively with other powers. gentleman was possessed of no inconsiderade

by

THE AUTHOR."