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ery; and in the dialogue, the author has caught|
the very spirit of Lucian. It was soon followed
by the Economy of Love," a poem which has
much merit, but is too strongly tinctured with
the licentiousness of Ovid. "The Art of pre-
serving Health," his best performance, was pub-
lished in 1744, and will transmit his name to
posterity as one of the first English writers. In
Mr. Nichols' "Anecdotes of Mr. Bowyer," the
reader will find some pleasing traits of the cha-able negotiator and ambassador, died 1699.
racter of this ingenious writer.

ARNAUD, Angelique, sister of Henry, abbess
of the Port Royal convent, died 1661.
ARNAUD, Anthony, son of Robert, abbot of
Chaumes, author of some memoirs, died 1698.
ARNAUD, de Brescie. See ARNOLD de
Brescie.

ARNAUD, Francis, abbot of Grand Champs, distinguished by his literary labours, died 1784. ARNAUD, Simon, marquis of Pompone, an

ARNAUD, Henry Charles, son of Simon, distinguished as an ecclesiastic and statesman, died 1756.

ARMSTRONG, John, a Scotch divine and poet, was born at Leith, 1771. At Edinburgh, where he took the degree of M. A., he published ARNAUD, Francis, Thomas Marie de Bacua volume of "Juvenile Pocins," which have lard d', a French writer of celebrity, was born considerable merit; and to this he appended at Paris in 1716, and died in 1805. "An Essay on the Means of punishing and pre-| ARNDT, John, a famous protestant divine of venting Crimes;" for which, (in 1789,) he had Germany, born at Bellenstad, in the dutchy of been honoured with a gold medal given by the Anhalt, 155. At first he applied himself to phyEdinburgh Pantheon Society. He came to Lon-sic; but, falling into a dangerous sickness, he don in 1790, commenced writer for the news- made a vow to change that for divinity, if he papers, and for some time before his death was editor of that old and most respectable paper, "The General Evening Post." He promised also to arrive at distinction as a preacher to dissenting congregations; but was cut off by a decline, July 21, 1797, at the early age of 26.

ARMSTRONG, John, a brigadier general in the army of the American revolution, assisted in the defence of fort Moultrie, and in the battle of Germantown, with the reputation of an able officer, afterwards a delegate to congress from Pennsylvania, died 1795.

should be restored to health. He wrote many relgious works; the most famous of which is, his, "Treatise of Free Christianity," in High Dutch. This writer died at Zell, in 1621.

ARNDT, Joshua, professor of logic at Rostock, died 1687

ARNE, Dr. Thomas Augustine, was son of Mr. Arne, an upholsterer in Covent Garden, (whom Addison is supposed to have characterized in No. 155, and No. 160 of "The Tattler,'') and brother of Mrs. Cibber the player. He was early devoted to music, and soon became emiARMYNE, Lady Mary, granddaughter of neat in his profession. July 6, 1759, he had the George, Earl of Shrewsbury, married Sir Wil-degree of doctor of music conferred on him at liam Armyne, and was distinguished by her Oxford. His compositions are universally appiety and benevolence; she died 1675. plauded, and he was particularly skilful in inARNALD, Richard, B. D., rector of Thur-structing vocal perforiners. He died March 5. caston, in Leicestershire, published several ser-1778, having written the following pieces: "Armons, &c.; he died 1756. taxerxes," 1762; "The Guardian outwitted," 1764; "The Rose," 1778: all of them operas. ARNGRIM, Jonas, a learned ecclesiastic of Ireland; he wrote a piece on the Runic letters, &c., and died 1643.

ARNALL, William, became a political writer in the pay of Sir Robert Walpole; he died 1741. . ARNAUD DE MEYRVILLE, or MEREUIL, a poet of Provence, died 1220.

́ARNAUD DE VILLA NOVA, a physician, ARNISEUS, Kenningus, a German professhipwrecked on the coast of Genoa, 1310 or 1313.sor of physic at Heimstadt, known for his poliARNAUD, Anthony, born at Paris, 1550,tical treatises; he died 1635.

where he pursued his studies, and took his de- ARNOBIUS, was professor of rhetoric at gree of Master of Arts in 1573. Some time after, Sicca, in Numidia, toward the end of the 3d he was admitted advocate of the parliament of century.

Paris; in which capacity he acquired great re- ARNOBIUS, a native of Gaul, author of a putation by his integrity and extraordinary elo-commentary on the psalms, &c., in the 5th cenquence. Henry IV. had a great esteem for Ar-tury.

naud; his majesty once carried the duke of Sa- ARNOLD, a famous heretic of the 12th cenvoy on purpose to hear him plead in parliament, tury, born at Brescia, in Italy, whence he went and he was appointed counsellor and attorney-to France, where he studied under the celegeneral to queen Catharine of Medicis. One of the most famous causes which Arnaud pleaded, was that of the university against the Jesuits. in 1594. He died at about the age of 70.

brated Peter Abelard. Upon his return to Italy, he put on the habit of a monk, and began to preach several new and uncommon doctrines, particularly, that the pope ought not to enjoy ARNAUD D'ANDILLI, Robert, eldest son any temporal estate; that those ecclesiastics of the preceding, born at Paris in 1589. Though who had any estates of their own, or held any bred in a court and in offices of state, he passed lands, were entirely cut off from the least hope the latter part of his days in a continual appli-of salvation; that the clergy ought to subsist cation to works of piety and devotion. His upon the alms and voluntary contributions of works have been printed in eight volumes folio. Christians; and that all other revenues belongMr. Arnaud died at Port Royal, 1674. ed to princes and states, in order to be disposed ARNAUD, Anthony, doctor of the Sorbonne, of among the laity as they thought proper. He and brother of the preceding, was born at Paris was hanged at Rome in the year 1155. the 6th of February, 1612. A catalogue of his ARNOLD, John, eminent for his improveworks may be seen in Moreri: they consist ofments in the mechanism of time-keepers. He grammar, geometry, logic, metaphysics, and was the inventor of the Expansion Balance and theology. He died August 9, 1694.

ARNAUD, Henry, brother of Robert, made bishop of Toul, but his election was disputed, sad he was not put in possession; he died 1692

the Detached Escapement; and was the first artist that ever applied the gold cylindrical spring to the balance of a time-piece. Died at Well-hall, near Eltham, in Kent, Aug. 25, 1799

ARNOLD, Dr. Samuel, an excellent composer of music, whose works are too numerous to be bere detailed, and so well known as not to require it. Of his various dramatic compositions, we may mention particularly "The Maid of the Mill; The Castle of Andalusia; The Agreeable Surprise; The Son-in-Law; The Spanish Barber; Inkle and Yarico; The Surrender of Calais; The Battle of Hexham; The Mountaineers; The Shipwreck; and Peeping Tom." In the higher style of composition, also, his success was great. The Oratorio (by Dr. Brown) of the Cure of Saul, composed in 1767, was considered to be the best production since the time of Handel; and his Shunamite Woman, one of his latter pieces, possesses all the genius of his earlier compositions, with that additional science which study and experience had given him. He died Oct. 13, 1802, in his 63d year, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, between the monuments of Croft and Purcell. ARNOLD, Nicholas, a protestant of Lesna, acquired reputation by his sermons and polemi-have written several other works. cal works; he died 1680.

ARRAGON, Jeanne d', a celebrated Italian lady, mother of Mark Anthony Colonna, died 1577.

ARRAN, James Hamilton, earl of, a Scotch nobleman, who at one time aspired to the hand of queen Elizabeth, of England. He died 1609 ARRIA, the wife of Pætus, celebrated for her heroism and conjugal fidelity.

ARRIAGA, Roderic d', a Spanish Jesuit, professor of theology at Salamanca and Prague, died 1667.

ARRIAN, a famous historian and philosopher, who lived under the emperor Adrian and the two Antonines, was born at Nicomedia, in Bithynia. He was styled the second Xenophon, and raised to the most considerable dignities of Rome. He is, indeed, said to have been preceptor to the famous philosopher and emperor Marcus Antoninus. The most celebrated of his works is his "History (in Greek) of Alexander the Great," in 7 books; a performance much esteemed by the best judges. Arrian is said to ARROWSMITH, John, theological professor

ARNOLD, Jeffery, author of a history of mys-at Cambridge, 1660, author of several celebrated tical theology, &c., died 1714.

ARNOLD, of Hildesheim, a historian of the 13th century.

Calvinistic works.

ARSACES I., a Parthian, emancipated his country from the Macedonian yoke, 250 B. C. ARSACES II., son of the preceding, made war against Antiochus the Great.

ARSACES TIRANUS, king of Armenia, taken prisoner by Sapor, king of Persia, 362 B. C. ARSENIUS, bishop of Constantinople, was banished for his pertinacity, and died in the 13th

ARNOLD, Christopher, a native of Nuremberg; he died professor at Altorf, 1685, aged 58. ARNOLD, Benedict, a major general of the American army, and infamous for turning traitor to his country; for attempting to surrender the fortress of West Point to the British; for committing ravages in Virginia after his deser-century. tion, and a wanton butchery of the garrison at Fort Griswold, Conn. He was made a brigadier general in the British army; retired to England; received 10,000l. sterling as the reward of his villany, and died in London, 1801.

ARNOLD, Benedict, succeeded Roger Williams as president of the colony of Rhode-Island, and was afterwards repeatedly appointed governor under its charter; he died 1678.

ARNOLD, Thomas, a physician of Leicester, educated at Edinburgh, was afterwards president of a lunatic asylum, which he established; he died 1816.

ARNOUL, a bishop of Lisieux, author of some curious letters, containing an account of the manners of his time.

ARSENIUS, a Roman deacon, appointed by pope Damascus preceptor to Arcadius, son of Theodosius.

ARSENIUS, archbishop of Malvasia, in the Morea, died 1435.

ARSEZAN, Pader d', a native of Toulouse, and author of two tragedies, died 1696. ARTABANUS, a king of Parthia, died A.

D. 48.

ARTABANUS, another king of Parthia, in whom that empire became extinct, 226.

ARTALI, Joseph, a native of Mazara, in Sicily, a famous duellist, &c., died 1679.

ARTAUD, Peter Joseph, a native of Bonieux, esteemed for learning, piety, &c., died 1760.ARTAUD, archbishop of Rheims, was once

to it, died 948.

ARNTZENIUS, John Henry, a learned Dutch-deprived of his diocese and afterwards restored man, law professor at Utrecht; he died 1799. ARNU, Nicholas, a Dominican, professor of metaphysics at Padua, died 1692.

ARNULPH, or ERNULPH, bishop of Rochester, born 1040, died 1124. He wrote a work in Latin, concerning the foundation, endowment, charters, laws, and other things relating to the church of Rochester; which is generally known by the title of "Textus Roffensis," and is preserved in the archives of the cathedral church of that place.

ARNULPH, natural son of Carloman, king of Bavaria, elected emperor of Germany, and crowned at Rome, 896. He died (supposed to be poisoned) 899.

ARNULPHUS, an Egyptian, in the reign of M. Antoninus, famous for his skill in magic. ARNWAY, John, much attached to the royal cause in England in the time of Cromwell, died

1653.

ARTAVASDES I., king of Armenia, behaved treacherously to Crassus and Mark Antony.

ARTAVASDES II., grandson of the above. ARTAXERXES I., king of Persia, the son of Xerxes, supposed to be the Ahasuerus of Scripture, died 424 B. C.

ARTAXERXES II., surnamed Mnemon, defeated his brother Cyrus at Cunaxa, 401 B. C.

ARTAXERXES III., succeeded Artaxerxes II.; he slew all his brothers and the rest of his family, 338 B. C.

ARTAXERXES BEBEGAN, son of a shepherd, first king of Persia of the race of the Sassanides, died about 240.

ARTAXIAS I., governor of Upper Armenia under Antiochus, made himself king of the country.

ARTAXIAS II., king of Armenia after Ar tavasdes I., was expelled by Antony, and res

ARON, Peter, a musical writer, born at Flo-tored by the Parthians. rence, and patronized by Leo X.

ARTAXIAS III., son of Polemo, made king

ARPINUS, or ARPINO, Joseph Caesar, a fa- by Germanicus, and reigned 17 years. mous Italian painter, born 1560, died 1640.

ARTEAGA, Don Stephano, a Spanish jesuit,

author of a treatise on ideal beauty, &c., died 1800.

ARTEDI, Peter, a physician of Sweden, and intimate friend of Linnæus, was drowned at Leyden, 1735.

thought some diversion necessary; and shooting with the bow, was his favourite amusement, as appears by his "Treatise on Archery," which he dedicated to King Henry VIII., who settled a pension upon him, at the recommendation of Sir William Paget. Mr. Ascham, being remark

ÁRTÉMAS, or ARTEMON, founded a sect in the 3d century, which maintained that Christable for writing a fine hand, was employed to was but a man.

teach this art to Prince Edward, the Lady Eliza ARTEMIDORUS, famous for his "Treatise beth, and the two brothers, Henry and Charles, upon Dreams," was born at Ephesus, but took dukes of Suffolk. In Feb. 1548, he was sent for the surname of Daldianus in this book, out of to court, to instruct the Lady Elizabeth in the respect to the country of his mother; for he learned languages, and had the honour of assiststyled himself the Ephesian in his other per-ing this lady in her studies for two years; when formances. He lived under the emperor Anto-he desired leave to return to Cambridge, where ninus Pius.

ARTEMIDORUS, an Ephesian, author of a description of the earth, 100 B. C.

ARTEMISIA I., queen of Caria, assisted Xerxes against the Greeks.

ARTEMISIA II., queen of Caria, erected a mausoleum to the memory of her husband, Mausolus.

ARTHINGTON, Henry, a native of Yorkshire, pretended that he was inspired as the means of effecting a revolution.

ARTHUR, a British Prince, whose existence by some is regarded as fabulous, said to have died about 542; he established the order of knights of the round table.

ARTHUR, duke of Brittany, grandson of Henry II., was confined in the castle of Rouen, where, it is supposed, he was murdered.

ARTIGNI, Anthony Gachet d', an ecclesias tic, known by his writings; he died 1768. ARTUSI, Guiamara, a celebrated musical writer.

ARVIEUX, Laurent d', a native of Marseilles, resided 12 years in Palestine, and was a useful negotiator for the French court. He is justly esteemed for his benevolence to Tunisian and Algerine captives.

ARVIRAGŪS, a king of Britain in the age

of Domitian.

ARUNDEL, Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Arundel, known by her translations of the wise sayings, &c. of Alexander Severus, &c.; she lived in the middle of the 16th century.

ARUNDEL, Thomas, made bishop of Ely when 21 years of age; afterwards translated to Canterbury; he died 1414.

ARUNDEL, Thomas Howard, earl of, discoverer of the Parian marbles which bear his

name.

ARUNDEL, Blanche, daughter of Lord Worcestor, celebrated for her brave defence of Wardour castle; she died 1649.

ARZACHEL, a Spanish astronomer, in the 11th century.

ASA, son of Abijah, made king of Judah, 955 B. C.

ASAPH, St., a native of North Wales, eminent for his sanctity.

ASAPH, a musician of the tribe of Levi, in the age of David.

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he resumed his office of public orator. He was afterwards Latin secretary to king Edward, queen Mary, and queen Elizabeth. Being one day in company with persons of the first distinc tion, there happened to be high disputes about the different methods of education; this gave rise to his treatise on that subject, entitled "The Schoolmaster," which he undertook at the particular request of Sir Richard Sackville. This work was in high esteem among the best judges, and is frequently quoted by Dr. Johnson in his Dictionary. He died at London, Jan. 4, 1568, and was buried in St. Sepulchire's church.

ASCHAM, Anthony, physician and ecclesiastic, author of tracts on astrology, &c.

ASCHAM, Anthony, a friend of Cromwell, and member of the long parliament. ASCHARI, a mussulman doctor, founder of a sect which bears his name; he died 940.

ASCLEPIADES, a Greek philosopher, 350

B. C.

ASCLEPIADES, a famous physician, born at Prusa, in Bithynia, flourished at Rome in the time of Pompey, and founded a new sect in physic.

ASCOLI, Cecco di, or Francisco de Stabili, professsor of mathematics, at Bologna; he wrote an Italian poem, &c., and died 1238.

ASCONIUS, PEDIANUS, a grammarian of Padua, in the age of Augustus.

ASCOUGH, William, bishop of Sarum, murdered by Jack Cade and his followers, 1450. ASDRUBAL, brother-in-law of Annibal, the founder of New Carthage, in Spain.

ASDRUBAL BARCA, brother of Annibal, killed at the battle of the Metaurus.

ASELLI, Gasper, a physician of Cremona, professor of anatomy at Paris, died 1626.

ASFELD, Claude Francois Bidal marquis d', an illustrious warrior at the battle of Almanza; he took Philipsburg, and died 1743.

ASFELD, Jacques Vincent Bidal d', an ecclesiastic, died 1745.

ASGILE, John, a lawyer of eminence, known for his wit and misfortunes, died 1738.

ASGILL, Sir Charles, Bart. This gentleman was a strong instance of what may be effected even by moderate abilities, when united with strict integrity, industry, and irreproachable character. His first setting out in life was at a banking-house in Lombard-street, as out-door collecting clerk. From this inferior situation he pro

ASAR-HADDON, king of Assyria, obtained the kingdom of Babylon; he died 667 B. C. ASCELIN, an ecclesiastic of the 11th century,gressively rose by his merit to the first departdefended transubstantiation againt Berenger.

ment in the house; and soon after, marrying an amiable woman, with a fortune of 25,000l. immediately joined his name to the firm. In 1749 he was chosen alderman of Candlewick ward, and served in the office of lord mayor in 1758. He died Sept. 15, 1788, and is said to have left nearly 200,000.

ASCHAM, Roger, an eminent English writer, born at Kirkby Wiske, near Northallerton, in Yorkshire, about the year 1515. He applied himself particularly to the Greek language; in which he attained to an excellence peculiar to himself, and read it publicly in the university of Cambridge with universal applause. In or- ASH, Dr. John, an English dissenting minisder to relax his mind, after severer studies, hellter, grammarian, and lexicographer horn 1724.

died at Pershore, Worcestershire, March, 1779. His Dictionary is a remarkably laborious and comprehensive work.

ASHE, Simeon, a nonconformist, chaplain to lord Warwick, during the civil wars, died 1662. ASHE, Samuel, a judge of the Supreme court of North Carolina, and afterwards governor of that state, died 1813.

ASHE, John Baptiste, a representative in Congress, from, and governor of, the state of N. Carolina, died 1802.

ASHLEY, Jonathan, a distinguished minister of Deerfield, Mass., died 1780, aged 68. He published several sermons.

ASHLEY, Robert, a lawyer, distinguished as an eminent writer, &c., died 1641.

ASHTON, Charles, one of the most learned critics of his age, was elected master of Jesus College, Cambridge, July 5, 1701, and installed in a prebend of Ely, on the 14th of the same month. His great knowledge in ecclesiastical antiquities was excelled by none, and equalled by few: as his MS. remarks upon the Fathers, and corrections of the mistakes of translators, sufficently show.

ASHTON, Dr. Thomas, rector of St. Botolph Bishopsgate, a popular preacher and excellent divine, born 1716, died 1775.

ASHWELL, George, his writings were on divinity, but not in high esteem; he died 1693. ASHWOOD, Bartholomew, a minister of Axminster, in Devon, author of several tracts, &c. ASHWORTH, Caleb, patronized by Dr. Doddridge, and successor to him in his school, was created D. D. by a Scotch university; he died 1774.

ASKEW, Anthony, a native of Westmoreland, eminent as a physician, died 1784.

ASHMOLE, or ÁSMOLE, Elias, a celebrated English philosopher and antiquary, and founder of the Ashmolean museum at Oxford, was born at Litchfield, in Staffordshire, the 23d of May, 1627. Besides filling several offices, civil and military, Mr. Ashmole was a diligent and curious collector of manuscripts. In 1650 he published ASKEW, Anne, an accomplished lady, daugha treatise written by Dr. Arthur Dee, relating to ter of Sir William Askew, of Kelsay, in Linthe philosopher's stone; together with another colnshire, was born in 1529. She received a tract on the same subject, by an unknown au- learned education, and in early life showed a thor. About the same time he was busied in predilection for theological studies. By these preparing for the press a complete collection of she was led to favour the reformation; she was, the works of such English chymists as had till in conseqence, arrested, and, having confessed then remained in manuscript: this undertaking her religious principles, was committed to Newcost him great labour and expense; and at length gate. She was first racked with brutal cruelty the work appeared toward the close of the year in the Tower, and afterwards burned alive in 1652. The title of this work was, "Theatrum Smithfield, July 16, 1546; a punishment which Chemicum Britannicum," &c. &c. He then ap- she endured with amazing courage and firmness, plied himself to the study of antiquity and re-adhering to the last to the principles of her faith. cords. In 1658 he began to collect materials for ASPASIA, a native of Miletus, celebrated for his "History of the Order of the Garter," which her wit and learning, though her character was he lived to finish, and thereby did no less hon-licentious.

ASSELIN, Giles Thomas, respectable for his piety and poetical talents, died 1567.

ASSELYN, John, a historical and landscape

ASSER, a Jewish rabbi of the 5th century, author of the Talinud of Babylon, &c.

ASSER, of St. David's, a learned author in the reign of Alfred.

our to the order than to himself. In September ASPASIA, a Grecian lady, celebrated for her following, he made a journey to Oxford; where excellence in philosophy and rhetoric, was born he set about a full and particular description at Miletus, but settled at Athens; where, though of the coins given to the public library by arch-she exercised the calling of a courtezan, her bishop Laud. Upon the restoration of Charles scholastic talents induced the virtuous Socrates II., Mr. Ashinole was introduced to his majesty, and other of the greatest men of the age to visit who received him very graciously, and, on the her house. She was afterwards married to Peri18th of June, 1660, bestowed on him the place cles, one of the greatest men that ever flourished of Windsor herald; a few days after, he ap-in Greece. pointed him to give a description of his medals, ASPELT, Peter d', studied medicine at Paris; which were delivered into his possession; and he died 1320. King Henry VIII.'s closet was assigned for his use. On the 8th of May, 1672, he presented his "Institution, Laws, and Ceremonies, of the most noble Order of the Garter" to the king, who re-painter, died 1650. ceived it very graciously, and, as a mark of his approbation, granted him a privy seal for 4001. out of the customs of paper. On the 26th of January, a fire broke out in the Middle Temple, in the next chamber to Mr. Ashmole's, by which ASSHETON, Dr. William, born at Middleton, he lost a noble library, with a collection of 9000 in Lancashire, 1641, was the projector of the coins, ancient and modern, and a vast repository scheme for providing a maintenance for clergyof seals, charters, and other antiquities and cu- men's widows and others, by a jointure payable riosities; but his manuscripts, and his most val- by the Mercers' Company. Dr. Assheton wrote uable gold medals, were luckily at his house, at several pieces against the papists and dissenters, South Lambeth. In 1683, the University of Ox-and some practical and devotional tracts, and ford having finished a magnificent repository died at his rectory of Beckenham, in Kent, 171 near the theatre, Mr. Ashmole sent thither his ASSOUCI, Charles Coypeau, Sieur d', a poet, curious collection of rarities; and this benefac-whose works contained more immorality than tion was considerably augmented by the addi- wit; he died 1679. tion of his manuscripts and library, at his death, ASTELL, Mary, born at Newcastle-uponwhich happened at South Lambeth, May 18, Tyne, about the year 1688. Her uncle, a clergy 1692. He was interred in the church of Great man, observing marks of a promising genius, Lambeth, in Surrey, on the 26th of May, 1692. took her under his tuition, and taught her ma ASHMÚN ELI PEASE, a distinguished lawthematics, logic and philosophy She left the yer of Northampton, Mass.; he was a member place of her nativity when she was about 20 of the senate of that state, and afterwards a se-years of age, and spent the remaining part of nator in Congress, died 1810 ber life at London and Chelsea, in writing for

the advancement of learning, religion, and vir-him in the government of the church of Alextue, and in the practice of those religious duties andria. This was in 326, when Athanasius is which she so zealously and pathetically recom-supposed to have been about 28 years of age. It mended to others. She was remarkably abste-is controverted among learned men, whether mious, and seemed to enjoy an uninterrupted Athanasius composed the creed commonly restate of health till a few days before her death;ceived under his name; though the best and when, having one of her breasts cut off, it so latest critics, who have examined the thing most much impaired her constitution, that she died exactly, make no question but that it is to be in 1731, in the 63d year of her age, and was ascribed to a Latin author, Vigilius Tapsensis, buried at Chelsea. an African bishop, who lived in the latter end of the 5th century, in the time of the Vandalic Arian persecution.

ASTERIUS, an Arian of Cappadocia in the 4th century.

ASTERIUS, bishop of Amasia, in Pontus, in the 4th century.

ATHELING, Edgar, grandson of Edmund Ironside, king of England, made some unsuccess

ASTERIUS, Urbanus, a bishop of the 3d cen-ful attempts to obtain the crown. tury, engaged in a controversy with the Montanists of Ancyra, in Galatia.

ATHELSTAN, the natural son of Edmund the Elder, made king of England, 925. ATHENAGORAS, an Athenian philosopher who became a convert to Christianity. He lived in the 2d century.

ATHENAEUS, a mathematician, 200 B. C ATHENÆUS, an orator of Rome in the age of Augustus.

ASTLE, Thomas, an eminent English antiquary, born at Yoxall, Staffordshire, December 22, 1735, and originally bred to the law; the early pursuit of which profession led him to give ATHENÆUS, a Greek grammarian, born all particular application to the decyphering of an-Naucrates, in Egypt, flourished in the 3d century cient records; in which he soon excelled all his cotemporaries, and qualified himself to be of infinite advantage to historical literature. In 1783, he was appointed keeper of the rolls and records in the tower of London; and in 1787 elected a trustee of the British museum. The principal one among his numerous works is, On the Origin and Progress of Writing, as well Hieroglyphic as Elementary," 4to., 1784;sterdam, died 1700. of which work a new edition was published just before his death, which happened at Battersea, December 1, 1803.

ASTLE, John, a portrait painter, born at Whem, in Shropshire.

ASTOLPH, king of Lombardy, attacked the pope's dominions, and died 756,

ATHENODORUS, a stoic philosopher, preceptor to Augustus.

ATHIAS, Isaac, author of an explication of the law of Moses, a Jew of Spain.

ATHIAS, Joseph, a learned printer of Am

ATKINS, James, D. D., a learned Scotchman of Kirkwall, in Orkney, died 1687.

ATKINS, sir Robert, lord chief baron of the exchequer, born in Gloucestershire, in the year 1621, died in the beginning of the year 1709. He was a man of much probity, as well as of great skill in his profession, and a warm friend to the

ASTON, Sir Arthur, a brave man in the ser-constitution. vice of Charles I.

ATKINS, sir Robert, son of the foregoing, ASTON, Sir Thomas; in the civil wars he was born in 1646. He became very early a great raised a troop of horse for the king, but was de-proficient in the laws and antiquities of his counfeated, and afterwards taken prisoner; he died 1642, in consequence of a blow received in attempting to make his escape.

try, which afterwards led him to write "The Ancient and Present State of Gloucestershire," printed in folio, 1712. This great and valuable work he lived to perfect, but died the year before ATKINSON, Theodore, chief justice of New

ASTORGAS, marchioness of, a lady in the reign of Charles II. of Spain; she killed her hus-it was published. band's mistress.

ASTRONOME L', a historian of the 9th cen-Hampshire, and a delegate to the convention at

tury

Albany which formed the plan of union for the defence of the colonies, died 1779.

ATKYNS, Richard, suffered during the civil wars for his attachment to the royal cause, and

ASTRUC, John, a physician of France, born at Sauves, a town of Lower Languedoc, the 19th of March, 1684; died at Paris, the 5th of May, 1766. He was the author of several use-died 1677. ful and curious works.

ASTYAGES, a king of Media, 594 B. C., called by some, the Ahasuerus of the Scriptures. ATA, Abdal, a mussulman dervise in the age of Tamerlane.

ATABALIPA, or ATAHUALPA, the last king of Peru of the race of the Incas, barbarous ly put to death by the Spaniards, 1533.

ATHALIAH, wife of Jehoram, she obtained the sovereignty of Judah, which she held seven

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ATLAS, king of Mauritania, a celebrated astronomer, said to have been cotemporary with Moses. From his making astronomical observations on high mountains, it became a fable that he was turned into a mountain. He is likewise represented as an old man bearing the world upon his shoulders; and general descriptions of the whole globe, in sets of maps, are to this hour called Atlases.

ATRATUS, Hugh, or Black, called the Phonix of his age, from his great powers of mind. ATTALUS I., king of Pergamus, a great patron of learning, died 198 B. C.

ATTALUS II., son of the preceding, reigned 21 years, and died 159 B. C.

ATTALUS III., nephew of the second, died 133 B. C.

ATTALUS, a native of Pergamus, was burnt alive for professing the Christian religion, 177.

ATTENDULI, Margaret, a sister of Sforza, grand constable of Naples.

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