LAWSON, John, surveyor general of North being censured and suspended for disobedience Carolina, and author of a work, containing all of orders, he retired to private life, and died natural history of that country to about the year 1700.

LEE, Ezra, a revolutionary officer, who was engaged in several of the principal contests of the war. He enjoyed the confidence of his su LEBID, an Arabian poet, employed by Ma-perior officers, and was selected to take charge homet to answer satirical works against him. of the marine" Turtle," in an attempt to blow LE BLANC, Marcel, one of the fourteen je-up the British ship Asia, in the harbour of Newsuits whom Lewis XIV. sent to Siam, died in 1693.

LEE, Charles, a native of Wales. After| LEGGE, George, lord Dartmouth, an eminent serving in the English army under generals English admiral, who commanded the force sent Abercrombie and Burgoyne, came to Virginia, to demolish Tangier, in 1683. In 1688, he was in 1773, and at the commencement of the revo- made admiral of the fleet; but, after the revo lutionary war, was appointed a major-general in the army, and afterwards to the command of the troops in the southern states. He rendered great and important services to the United States, but 1691.

LEGUANO, Stefano Maria, a historical pain-of a large volume on "English Etymology, ter, the pupil of Carlo Maratti His pieces are being a derivative dictionary, in which he ha masterly, particularly in the diffusion of light not only investigated the radical meaning of and shade; he died in Italy, in 1715. many obscure and almost unintelligible words LEIBNITZ, Godfrey William de, baron of but exploded many vulgar errors, and illustraLeipsic, an eminent statesman, poet, and law-ted many passages in ancient English writers. yer, but more eminent as a writer on philoso- He was born in 1726, and died in 1797. phy, born in 1646, died in 1716. His philosophical writings are very numerous, and have rendered his name immortal.

LEIGH, Sir Edward, an English critic and Hebrew lexicographer, died in 1671.

LE MONNIER, Peter Charles, a celebrated French astronomer, and one of those who made the journey to the north in 1785, for the admeasurement of the globe, died at Paris, in 1799.

LE MONNIER, Lewis William, brother of the preceding, was a distinguished physician and an able philosopher. He wrote several valuable articles for the French Encyclopedia, and died in L'ENCLOS, Ninon de, a very distinguished LEIGHTON, Alexander, a native of Edin-French courtezan, who, with a fine understandburgh, author of " Zion's Plea," and "Looking ing and philosophic spirit, would reason like Glass of the Holy War," both directed against Socrates, though she acted like Lais; while, the government. He was in consequence punish-therefore, the great Conde, the Villarceaux, the ed by having his nose slit, his ears cut, and run-Sevignes, the Rochefoucaults, enjoyed her as a ning the gauntlet. He died in 1644. LEIGHTON, Robert, an eminent Scotch pre-sopher and a critic. This bewitching woman late and theological writer, died in 1684.

LEIGH, Charles, F. R. S., an able naturalist, of England. He wrote a natural history of Lancashire, Cheshire, &c., and a history of Virginia. He died in the beginning of the 18th || 1799. century.

mistress, the learned consulted her as a philo

died in 1706, aged 90, retaining her personal LEISLER, Jacob, known as the leader of a charms to the last. She left some children, and rebellion, in the colony of New-York, for which, one of her sons died before her, a very tragical he was accused of treason, condemned, and ex-death indeed. Not knowing her to be his mo ecuted, about 1691. ther (for all her operations were conducted with LEISMAN, John Anthony, a German pain-secrecy and mystery,) he actually fell in love ter, some of whose pictures are very much admired; he died in 1698.

LELAND, John, the first and last antiquaryroyal in England, was born in London, and died in 1552. He has been styled the father of Eng1h antiquaries.

with her; and when, to get rid of his passion, she discovered herself to him, through shame and despair he poignarded himself in her presence.

L'ENFANT, James, an eminent French protestant minister, born in 1691, died in 1728. He LELAND, Dr. John, a celebrated English was author of three capital works, viz. Histo dissenting divine, settled in Dublin, who distin-ries of the Council of Constance, Basil, and guished himself by some very estimable and la- Pisa. Besides these, he published the New borious publications, particularly "A View of Testament, translated into French from the orithe Deistical Writers of England," and "The ginal Greek, with notes, in conjunction with Advantage and Necessity of the Christian Re-Beausobre; which version was much esteemed velation.' He was born in 1691, and died in by the protestants.

1766.

L'ENGLET, Nicholas du Fresnoy, a very vo LELAND, Dr. Thomas, author of a "Histo-luminous French writer, born in 1674, died in ry of Ireland," a" Life of Philip of Macedon," 1755. His "Methode pour etudier l'Histoire," and translator of Demosthenes, was born in &c. seems to have been thought his best produc1722, and died in 1785. tion. His end was very tragical: for falling asleep as he was reading by the fire, he fell into it, and his head was nearly burnt off before the accident was perceived.

LE LONG, James, author of "Historical Library of France." He died at Paris, in 1721. LELY, Sir Peter, an excellent portrait and historical painter, born in 1617, at Westphalia, LENNARD, Sampson, a friend of Sir Philip but afterwards settled in England, under the pa- Sidney, with whom he distinguished himself at tronage of Charles II., died in 1680. the battle of Zutphen. He was also an eminent LEMENS, Balthasar Van, a native of Ant-translator from Latin and French; he died in werp, eminent as a historical painter, died in 1630. London, in 1704.

LENNOX, Charlotte, a writer of novels and LE MERCIER, Andrew, a minister of Bos-plays, the daughter of colonel Ramsay, lieutenton, for many years pastor of a French protest-ant-governor of New-York, was born in 1720, ant church in that place; he died in 1762. and died in 1804. Her best known novel is LEMERY, Nicolas, a celebrated French" The Female Quixotte." The latter part of chymical writer, born at Rouen, in 1645, died in 1715.

LEMERY, Lewis, son of the preceding, was born at Paris, and became physician to the king. He was the author of several useful books, and died in 1743.

LEMNIUS, Lævinius, born at Zealand, where he became a physician, and afterwards took orders. He wrote on astrology, plants, &c.,

and died in 1568.

her life was clouded by sickness and penury; her chief support being derived from" The Literary Fund."

LENS, Bernard, painter and enamelier to George II., died in 1741.

LENTHAL, William, speaker of the long parliament, a dubious character during the civil wars, who sought his own fortunes by secretly siding with the republicans; he died under contrition, in 1663.

LEMOINE, Francis, a French painter, who, LENTULUS, Cneius, a Roman consul, hiswithout genius, became, by application, an emi-torian, and poet, he was put to death by Tibenent artist; he died in 1737.

rius.

MATON, George William, an English divine, LEO I., or Ancient, succeeded Marcian, on tinguished himself by the publication the throne of Constantinople, in 457. He was

3

praised by some historians, but greatly censured by others, and died in 474.

LEO II., or Younger. He ruined his constitution by his debaucheries, and died, aged 16, Soon after his accession.

LEO, an archbishop of Thessalonica, in the 9th century, distinguished as a mathematician, one of the great revivers of Grecian literature.

LEO, Pilatus, Greek professor, at Florence, about 1360; first gave lectures on Homer, and other Greek authors.

LEO, of Modena, a celebrated rabbi, author an Italian history of the rites and customs of the Jews, and other works. He lived in the 17th century.

LEO III. was the son of a cobbler, who served in the army with such success that he became a general, and in 711, seated himself on the im-of perial throne of Constantinople. He was deested as a tyrant, and excommunicated by the popes of Rome, he died in 741.

LEO IV. succeeded to the throne in 775. He warred against the Saracens with success, and died in 780.

LEO V., the Armenian, became a general by his valour in the Roman armies, and so great was his popularity, that he prevailed on his soldiers to proclaim him emperor, in 813. He vas assassinated in 820.

LEO, the grammarian, compiled in the 12th century a chronicle of Constantinople.

LEO, John, a native of Grenada, eminent as a geographer, and author of the lives of Arabian philosophers, and a description of Africa, in Arabic. He died in 1526.

LEO, of Byzantium, a pupil of Plato, put to death by the treachery of Philip.

LEO, of Orviette, a Dominican, who wrote LEO VI., or the Philosopher, also called the llan account of the Popes, and another of the Wise, succeeded to the throne in 886. He made Emperors, in 1308.

war against the Bulgarians, Hungarians, ana|| LEO, Peter Cieca de, a Spaniard, who traSaracens; deposed the patriarchs, Photius andvelled in America, and published an interesting Nicolas. He protected men of letters, and died account of Peru, in 1550, a work of great merit. LEONE, Arto, or Conaria, a historical painter, who died in 1564.

n 911.

LEO I., pope, surnamed the Great. During is reign, Genseric ferociously entered Rome. and having taken possession of the city, gave it ap to pillage for 14 days. Leo was a learneà and useful pope, and died in 461.

LEONI, Giacomo, a Venetian architect, who settled in England, and published a fine edition of Palladio; he died in 1746.

LEONICENUS, Nicholas, an eminent phyLEO II., pope, was an able and resolute pon-sician, of Italy, to whom we owe the first transtiff. He first established the kiss of peace, at the mass, and the use of holy water; he died in

583.

LEO III., pope. His nephew attempted his destruction, but he escaped to Charlemagne, who espoused his cause and seated him again in the pontifical chair. He was an eloquent and popular pontiff, and died in 816.

lation of any of Galen's works, and the "Aphorisms of Hippocrates," born in 1428, died in

1524.

LEONICUS THOMÆUS, Nicholas, a learned Venetian, who read Lectures at Padua, with great reputation. He translated some Greek works, and died in 1524.

LEONIDAS I., king of Sparta, a celebrated LEO IV., pope. He was a wise and courage-warrior, who died gloriously in defending the us pontiff, and boldiy met the Saracens, wno pass of Thermopyla against Xerxes, 480 years came to pillage his city, defeating, and taking a B. C. vast number prisoners, who were kept to fortify and adorn the city; he died in 855.

LEONTIUM, an ancient courtezan at Athens; famous first for her lasciviousness, and afterHewards for her application to the study of philosophy under Epicurus.

LEO V., pope after Benedict IV., in 903. vas soon after exiled, and died of grief. LEO VI., pope after John X., in 928. He died bout 7 months after.

LEOPOLD, St., marquis of Austria, in 1096. By his virtues, he deserved the surname of Pious he was canonized by Innocent VIII., in 1485.

LEO VII., a Roman, elected pope after John I. He possessed many virtues, and died in 939. LEO VIII., elected by authority of the em- LEOPOLD I., was made king of Hungary, peror Otho, on the deposition of John XII., injin 1655, and of Bohemia, in 1656, and was electcá 963. He was a pontiff of great merit and re-emperor in 1658. He engaged in a war with the pectability; he died in 965. Turks, and also with Lewis XIV, who pillaged LEO IX., Bruno, bishop of Toul, was elected and destroyed his frontier towns; he died in 1605. ope in 1048, and deserved the name of saint, LEOPOLD II., Peter Joseph, for 25 years iven him in the Roman calendar. His sermons grana duke of Tuscany elected emperor of and other works are still extant; he died in 1054. Germany in 1790; and in this high dignity, he LEO X., pope of Rome, ever to be remem-jevinced great abilities. He was preparing to ered by protestants as having been the cause declare war against France, when he died in of the Reformation begun by Luther, was born 1792. La Florence, in 1475, and died in 1521. He was

LEOPOLD, duke of Lorraine, was celebrated lover and patroniser of learning and learned for his military talents, and after having settled nen, and equally favoured arts and sciences, a peace, he devoted himself to the prosperity eing himself a man of taste. For this he has and happiness of his domains, with great suceen often celebrated, and by Pope in particular: cess. He died at Luneville, in 1729, universally lamented.

But see! each Muse in Leo's golden days
tarts from her trance, and trims her wither'd
bays;

tome's ancient genius, o'er its ruins spread,
hakes off the dust, and rears his rev'rend head.
Then Sculpture and her sister arts revive;
tones leap to form, and rocks begin to live;
With sweeter notes each rising temple rung;
Raphael painted and a Vida sung."

LEOPOLD, William, archduke of Austria, bishop of Passau, &c., was at the head of the impe rial armies in the 30 years war against the French and Swedes, and was greatly distinguished, both in the field and cabinet; he died in 1662.

LEOTAUD, Vincent, a French jesuit, and mathematician, author of a work in which he proves the impossibility of squaring the circle he died in 1672.

LEOWICQ, or LEOVITIUS, Cyprian, a no- LETHIEULLIER, Smart, Esq. an English ble Bohemian, author of a collection of astro-gentleman, born of a French family, who made logical productions, and incoherent reveries. a most valuable collection of medals, books, He prophesied that the world would end in 1584; he died in 1574.

LEPAUTE, John Andrew, a French clock maker, who made some valuable improvements in the art, and died in 1802.

MSS., and natural curiosities; he died in 1760. LETI, Gregorio, an Italian miscellaneous writer and historian, born at Milan, in 1630, died in 1701. His "History of Geneva" is the best of his works.

LEPICIER, Bernard, a French engraver, se- LETTSOM, John Coakley, M. D., long distincretary and historian to the royal academy of guished for public and private benevolence, and painting, at Paris; he published a catalogue of for every species of useful exertion, both in the the king's pictures, in 2vs. 4to., and died in 1755. medical profession, and as a member of society LEPIDUS, Marcus Æmilius, one of the Ro-at large, was born in 1744, and died in London, man triumvirs with Augustus and Antony. in 1815. His writings are very numerous, as LEPRINCE, John, a French musician and well moral as medical; and all of them discov painter of great skill. Being taken by a priva-er the philanthropist and the physician. teer and robbed of every thing except his violin, he seized the instrument and played with such effect, that the sailors restored his property; he died in 1781.

LE QUIEN, Michael, a learned Dominican, who wrote against Courayer, on the validity of the ordination of the English bishops; he died in 1703.

LERNUTIUS, John, a Latin poet, born at Bruges, died in 1619.

LESBONAX, a philosopher, of Mitylene, in the 1st century. Some of his grammatical works still remain.

LESCAILLE, Catherine, a native of HolJand, called, for the sweetness of her poetry, the Dutch Sappho, and the tenth muse; she died in 1711.

LEUCIPPUS, a celebrated Greek philosopher and mathematician, flourished about 428 B. C. LEUNCLAVIUS, John, a German histori an of the Ottoman empire, born in Westphalia, in 1533, died in 1593.

LEUSDEN, John, professor of Hebrew at Utrecht, and eminent for his learning and a lents as a writer; he died in 1699.

LEUWENHOEK, Anthony de, a very cele brated Dutch physician, born at Delft, in 162, died in 1723. He became famous all over Eu rope by his experiments and discoveries with microscopes.

been sold.

LEVER, Sir Ashton, collector of a valuable museum of natural history; the expense of which having impaired his fortune, he was permitted to sell it by lottery, but lost consider LESLEY, John, a celebrated bishop of Ross,ably, not a sufficient number of tickets having in Scotland, born in 1527, died in 1596. His exertions to save the life of Mary, queen of Scots, his mistress, has endeared his name to posterity: indeed, all parties agree in speaking of him as a man of incomparable learning, an able statesman, a zealous churchman; and of his fidelity to his queen as admirable and exemplary. He is author of a history of Scotland to 1561.

LEVERETT, John, a native of England was, after his arrival in America, intrusted with several important offices, among which were those of major general and governor of Massachusetts; he died in 1670.

president of Harvard college, in 1708, and con tinued in that office until his death, which hap pened in 1724.

LEVERETT, John, F R. S., a grandson of the preceding, was a member and speaker of the house of assembly, and a judge of the su LESLIE, Dr. John, bishop of Clogher, in Ire-perior court of Massachusetts. He was chose a land, memorable for his exertions in defence of the royal cause, and for having endured a siege in his castle of Raphoe, before he would surrender it to Oliver Cromwell, being the last LEVESQUE DE PONILLI, Lewis, a nem which held out in that country. He was born ber of the academy of inscriptions of France, in Scotland, and died in 1671, aged about 100 and governor of Rheims. He wrote "The years, having been above 50 years a bishop. of agreeable Sensations," &c., and died in LESLIE, Charles, second son of the preced-1746. ing, studied law, which he afterwards forsook LEVESQUE, Peter Charles, a distinguished for divinity, and became a famous theological French writer, died at Paris, in 1812. disputant. His tracts on religion and politics amount to 50. He left also 2 folio volumes of theological works, and was a man of great talents; he died in 1722.

LESSING, Gotthold Ephraim, a German poet, in the time of Voltaire, published various things, but without judgment.

LESSIUS, Leonard, a jesuit, professor of divinity at Louvaine. He wrote many learned works, and died in 1623.

LEVI, third son of Jacob, by Leah, died 1612 B. C.

LEVI, David, a Jew, born in London, in 1740, was first a shoemaker, and afterwards a hatter; but became, in the result, a valuable acquisition to the literary circle. He died in 1799, leaving behind him the following, among other, works: "Rites and Ceremonies of the Jews;" "Lingua Sacra, or, a Hebrew and English Dictionary; ;""The Pentateuch in He brew and English; " a translation of the "He brew Liturgy," and "Dissertations on the Prophecies."

L'ESTRANGE, Sir Roger, an English genfleman, born in 1616, was concerned in raising forces and in some unsuccessful enterprises in favour of Charles I., during the civil wars, for LEVINGSTON, James, a brave Scotchman which he was obliged to leave the kingdom. who served in the wars of Bohemia, Ho Upon the restoration he returned, and printed land, Sweden, and Germany, and afterwards the first English newspaper, under the title of gentleman of the bed-chamber to Charles la the Public Intelligencer, in 1663; which he laid he died in 1672.

down upon the publication of the first London LEWIS, John, a native of Bristol, educated Gazette. He was author of many political at Oxford. He became master of Eastbrug ots, translated several things from the Greek, hospital, Canterbury, and was a man of gre and Spanish, and died in 1705. industry and learning. He published the li 280

of Wickliffe, the life of Caxton, various histories, &c., and died in 1746.

LEWIS, Matthew Gregory, was born in London, in 1773. He was educated at Westminster school, and afterwards obtained a seat in parliament. He went to visit some estates that his father had left him in Jamaica, and died on his passage home in 1818. His dramas are enumerated in the "Biographia Dramatica;" but the book that conferred an infamous celebrity upon him, was a most licentious novel called "The Monk." It gave him also the nick-name of Monk Lewis.

LICHTENBERG, George Christopher, professor of philosophy in the university of Gottingen, and one of the most ingenious writers of Germany, died in 1799.

LICINIUS, Tegula, a Latin poet, 200 B. C. Nothing but fragments remain of his comic compositions.

LICINIUS, C. Flavius Valerianus, son of a Dalmatian peasant, rose to the rank of genera in the Roman armies, and married the sister of Constantine. He was killed in battle, A. D. 324.

LICINIUS, Caius, a Roman tribune, author of the law to forbid any man the possession of more than 500 acres of land.

LIDDEL, Duncan, a native of Aberdeen, a physician, and professor of mathematics a Helmstadt. He returned to his native town. where he established six scholarships at the university, and died in 1613.

LEWIS, kings of France. See LOUIS. LEWIS, Meriwether, a native of Virginia, was private secretary to Mr. Jefferson, and was appointed by him governor of the territory of Louisiana. By order of government, he with Capt. Clark, explored the Missouri and country west, to the Pacific; an account of the expedition was published in 1896. He died in 1809. LEWIS, Francis, of New-York, was one of the signers of the declaration of Independence. LEY, Sir James, chief justice of Ireland, and afterwards of England, was finally created ba LIEVENS, John, a native of Leyden, emiron of Ley, and earl of Marlborough, and lordnent as a historical and portrait painter, invited high treasurer, by James I. by Charles I. to England, to paint the persons of the court.

LEYBOURN, William, originally a painter, and afterwards an eminent mathematician, died about 1690.

LIEUTAUD, Joseph, physician to Lewis XVI., and member of the academy of sciences of Paris. He wrote Elements of Physiology Synopsis of the Practice of Medicine, &c., and died in 1780.

LIGARIUS, Quintus, a proconsul of Africa, was one of the murderers of Cæsar.

LEYDECKER, Melchior, professor of the- LIGER, Lewis, author of the Paris Guide. ology at Utrecht, and author of a curious trea-and some useful works on gardening; he died ise on the republic of the Hebrews; he died in 1721.

in 1717.

LIGHTFOOT, John, a most eminent divine, born in Staffordshire. He was one of the mos learned rabinical scholars that England ever produced. His works are published in 2 vols folio; he died in 1675.

LEYDEN, Lucas Van, a Dutch painter and engraver. He acquired great celebrity by his painting the history of St. Hubert, which he finished before the age of 15; he died in 1533. LEYDEN, John, a distinguished physician and poet, of Scotland, was appointed professor of the Hindoostanee language, at the college of Calcutta, and a judge at that place. He died || in 1811. LIGONIER, John, earl of, a very distinguish LEYSSENS, N., a native of Antwerp, who led field marshal in the English army. He serv studied painting, and was very successful in hised with honour in all the wars of queen Anne, profession; he died in 1720.

L'HERITIER, a most indefatigable French botanist, confessedly the greatest (next to Buffon) that France ever produced, was born near Paris, in 1752, and assassinated in the street at Berne, Aug. 15, 1800; being mistaken, as it was supposed, for some other person.

LHUYD, Edward, keeper of the Ashmolean museum at Oxford, and a celebrated antiquary and linguist, died in 1709.

LHWYD, or LHUYD, Humphrey, an anti quarian, born at Denbigh. He studied physic at Oxford, practised in his native town, and died in 1570, leaving behind him the character of an excellent rhetorician, and sound philosopher.

LIBANIUS, a famous sophist of antiquity, born at Antioch, in 314. His epistles and oraions are in high esteem.

LIGNAC, Joseph Adrain de, a native of Poictiers, a priest and author of Letters to an American, on Buffon's Natural History: he died in 1762.

under the duke of Marlborough, and in every succeeding war, and died in 1770, aged 92.

LIGORIO, Peter, a Neapolitan, distinguished as a painter and architect. His designs compose 30 vols.; he died in 1580.

LILBURNE, John, a famous English enthusiast, born in 1618, died in 1657. He was the chief ringleader of the levellers, a modeller of state, and publisher of several seditious pam phlets; and of so quarrelsome a disposition, as to have it appositely said of him, that if there were none living but him, John would be agains Lilburne, and Lilburne against John.

LILIENTAL, Michael, a Prussian, professo at Koningsberg. He published various works which are preserved in the memoirs of the Berin academy; he died in 1750.

LILLO, George, an excellent dramatic writer, born in London, in 1693. Though strongly LIBAVIUS, Andrew, a native of Saxony, an attached to the muses, he seemed to have lai able physician, who wrote against Paracelsus;it down as a maxim, that the devotion paid to he died in 1616. them ought always to tend to the promotion of LIBERI, Peter, a native of Padua, eminent virtue, morality and religion. In pursuance of as a painter. His best piece is Moses striking this aim, Lillo was happy in the choice of his the rock; he died in 1677. subjects, and showed great power in affecting LIBERIUS, pope after Julius I., in 352. He the heart, by working up the passions to such a nbscribed very reluctantly for the condemna-height as to render the distresses of common Tion of Athanasius. He died in 366. and domestic life equally interesting to the audiences as that of kings and heroes; and the ruin brought on private families by an ind"! gence of avarice, lust, &c., as the havock made

LICETUS, a celebrated physician, of Italy, born in Genoa, in 1577, died in 1655. His work De Monstris" has great merit.