BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF SOME OF THE MOST EMINENT LIVING CHARACTERS, IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE WORLD. DAMS, John, late president of the United at Moscow the same year. The first acts of his States, was born at Boston, about 1735, and reign, were distinguished for their wisdom and red to the bar, of which he became a distinguish-lenity. He ordered the recruiting for the army d member. He was conspicuous as one of the to be discontinued, the public taxes to be diminrst and most decided opponents of the encroach-ished, the situation of the exiles to be examined, ents of the British government, on the rights and their miseries alleviated; he abolished the nd liberties of the colonies, and as one of the censorship of writings, and gave liberty to the 1ost energetic friends of the revolution. He press; he corrected the administration of juswas a member of the continental congress in tice; established a uniformity of weights and 776, and one of the signers of the declaration measures, throughout his empire; encouraged f Independence. He was afterwards sent as learning and science, and patronized literary inister from the congress to Holland, and was men; and also liberally endowed schools and cknowledged in that character by the states. universities, in different parts of the empire. While he retained that station, he rendered im- The invasion of Russia in 1812, by Napoleon, ortant services to his country by procuring and the subsequent events which resulted in the Dans, and concluding treaties of amity and com- defeat and dethronement of that emperor, are merce. Toward the close of the revolutionary familiarly known; they were such as greatly var, he was appointed, together with Dr. Frank- to elevate the character and influence of Alexin, Mr. Jay, aud Mr. Laurens, commissioner ander, and to place him first on the list of Euroor negotiating a peace with Great Britain; with pean sovereigns. Later events, however, have his view he repaired to Paris, where with his contributed farther to develope his character; colleagues, he had the high honour of procuring they have shown him haughty, ambitious, and the recognition of the entire independence of tyrannical; the champion of legitimacy; the the colonies by that power, and of signing a enemy of liberal principles of civil government, treaty of peace to that effect. He was afterwards and the decided opponent of reform. He is now The first ambassador from the United States to the most efficient member of the Holy Alliance. Great Britain. On the adoption of the constitu- ANGOULEME, Louis Anthony de Bourbon, tion of the United States, Mr. Adams was chosen | duc d', dauphin of France, is the oldest son of first vice president, and on the retirement of ge- Charles X., king of France, and of Maria neral Washington at the close of his second pre-Theresa, princess of Savoy. He was born at sidential term, he succeeded him as president Versailles, in 1775, and in early life was distinof the United States. Mr. Adams has resided guished for his mild and amiable disposition, as a private citizen on his estate at Quincy, and for his studious habits. At the beginning since his retirement from the presidency. He of the French revolution, he emigrated with his has written an able defence of the constitution father to the court of Turin, where for some of the United States. time he devoted himself to his studies. He ADAMS, John Quincy, is the son of the pre-afterwards commanded a corps of emigrants in ceding, and was born at Quincy, about 1765. He Germany. In 1799, he married the only daughhas long been engaged in public life, as the re-ter and surviving child of Louis XVI., his papresentative of Massachusetts, in the United||ternal uncle. For several years he resided at States senate, and of his country, as her am-different European courts, as the interest or inbassador at several of the European courts. Heclinations of the sovereigns permitted, until 1800, was one of the commissioners, who signed the when he visited England, where he remained treaty of peace with Great Britain, at Ghent, in until the accession of Louis XVIII. to the 1815. The following year he was appointed throne. As lieutenant-general of the kingdom, secretary of state under Mr. Monroe, and dis- he was taken prisoner by marshal Grouchy, charged the duties of that office, for eight years, when Buonaparte returned from Elba, but was with distinguished reputation and ability. Mr. permitted by the emperor to retire. Since that Adams is now president of the United States, time he has only appeared in public, as comfor the term of four years, from the 4th day of mander of the French armies, in the late invaMarch, 1825. sion of Spain. He is heir apparent to the French ALEXANDER, Paulowitz, emperor of Rus-throne. The duke and his dutchess are said to ia, is the eldest son of Paul I. He was born be extremely devout, but not sufficiently tolerant December 22, 1777, and married to Elizabeth Alexi wna, princess of Baden, in 1793. He and the throne in 1801, and was crowned toward the protestants of the kingdom. ANGOULEME, Maria Theresa Charlotte, dutchess d', is the sole surviving child of Lovis CARYA'TIS, a title of Diana. CAS'PII, a people of Hyrcania, who were #aid to starve their parents to death when 70 years old, and to train up dogs for war. CASSAN'DRA, a daughter of Priam and Hecaba, endowed with the gift of prophecy by Apollo. CASTAL'IDES, the Muses, from the fountain Castalius, at the foot of Parnassus. CATIUS, a tutelar god to grown persons. CASTOR, son of Jupiter and Leda, between whom and his brother Pollux immortality was alternately shared. CE'CROPS, the first king of Athens. CEPHALUS, the son of Mercury and Hersa. CER'BERUS, a dog with three heads and necks, who guarded the gates of hell. CEREA LIA, festivals in honour of Ceres. CHIRON, the preceptor of Achilles. CIR'RHA, a cavern of Phocis, near Delphi, whence the winds issued which caused a divine rage, and produced oracular responses. CITHO'RIDES, a title of the Muses. CLOTHO, one of the three Fates. COCYTUS, a river of hell, flowing from Styx. Jupiter. CON'SUS, a title of Neptune. CORTINA, the covering of Apollo's tripos. Cybele. CRE'ON, a king of Thebes. CRI'NIS, a priest of Apollo. CYNOCEPH'AH, a people of India, said to CYPARISSE'A, a title of Minerva. D DÆDA'LION, the son of Lucifer. DÆD'ALUS, an artificer of Athens, whe formed the Cretan labyrinth, and invented the auger, axe, glue, plumbline, saw, and masts and sails for ships. DA'MON, the sincere friend of Pythias. DÆ'MON BO'NUS, DITHYRAM'BUS, and DIONYS'IUS, titles of Bacchus. DA'NAE, the daughter of Acrisius, king of Argos, seduced by Jupiter in the form of a golden shower. DANA'IDES, or BE'LIDES, the 50 daughters of Danaus, king of Argos, all of whom except Hypermnestra, killed their husbands, the sous of their uncle Ægyptus, on the marriage night: they were therefore condemned to draw water out of a deep well with shieves, so that their Jabour was without end or success. DAPH'NE, a nymph beloved by Apollo. DEIDA'MIA, daughter of Lycomedes, king of Scyros, by whom Achilles had Pyrrhus, whilst he lay concealed in women's apparel, in the court of Lycomedes, to avoid going to the Trojan war. DEIOPE'A, a beautiful attendant on Juno. DEIPH'OBUS, a son of Priam and Hecuba. DE LOS, the island where Apolio was born. DELPHI, a city of Phocis, famous for a temple and an oracle of Apollo. DEL'PHICUS, DIDÝMÆ'US, titles of Apollo. DEM'ADES, an Athenian orator. DER'BICES, a people near the Caspian sea, who punished all crimes with death. DEUCA'LION, son of Prometheus, and kirg of Thessaly, who, with his wife Pyrrha, was preserved from the general deluge, and repeopied the world. DEVER'RA, the goddess of breeding women. DIAG'ORAS, a Rhodian, who died for joy, because his three sons had on the same day gained prizes at the Olympic games. DIA'NA, the goddess of hunting, &c. CRINIS'SUS, a Trojan prince, who could queen of Carthage, whom Virgil fables to have change himself into any shape. CRCE'SUS, a rich king of Lydia. CY'CLOPS, Vulcan's workmen, with only one eye in the middle of their forehead. CYB'ELE, the wife of Saturn. CYC'NUS, a king of Liguria; also a son of Neptune, who was invulnerable. CYLLENIUS, and CAMIL'LUS, names of Mercury. burnt herself through despair, because Eneas left her. DI'ES, and DIES'PITER, titles of Jupiter. DIN'DYME, DINDYME'NE, titles of Cybele DIOME'DES, a king of Ætolia, who gained great reputation at Troy, and, accompanied by Ulysses, carried off the Palladium also, a tyrant of Thrace. DIO'NE, one of Jupiter's mistresses. DIS, a title of Pluto. DISCOR'DIA, the goddess of contention. DOMIDU'CA, a title of Juno. DOMIDU'CUS, and DOMITIUS, nuptial gods. DOM'INA, a title of Proserpine. FA'MA, the goddess of report, &c. FATES, the three daughters of Nox and Ere bus, Clothos, Lachesis, and Atropos, entrusted DRY'ADES, nymphs of the woods and forests. with the lives of mortals, &c. E ECHI'ON, a companion of Cadmus. EC'HO, daughter of Aer and Tellus, who pined away for love of Narcissus. EDON'IDES, priestesses of Bacchus. EDU'CA, a goddess of new born infants. EGE'RIA, a title of Juno; also a goddess. ELECTRA, a daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, who instigated Orestes to revenge their father's death on their mother and her adulterer Ægisthus. E'LEUS, and ELEUTHE'RIUS, titles of Bacchus. ELEUSIN'IA, feasts in honour of Ceres and ELOIDES, nymphs of Bacchus. ENDYM'ION, a shepherd of Caria, who, for insolently soliciting Juno, was condemned to a FAUNA, and FAT'UA, names of Cybele. FAU'NUS, the son of Mercury and Nox, and father of the Fauns, rural gods. FEBRUA, FLORIDA, FLUO'NIA, titles of Juno. FOR'NAX, a goddess of corn and bakers. FORTU'NA, or FORTUNE, the goddess of happiness, &c., said to be blind. FU'RIES, or EUMEN'IDES, the three daugh sleep of 30 years; Luna visited him by night in aters of Nox and Acheron, named Alecto, Mecave of mount Latmus. ENIA'LIUS, a title of Mars. EN'YO, the same as Bellona. EPE'US, the artist of the Trojan horse. Venus. gæra, and Tisiphone, with hair composed of snakes, and armed with whips. chains, &c. G GALATE'A, daughter of Nereus and Doris, EPIZEPH'RII, a people of Locris, who pun-Mars, and changed by him into a cock. ERA TO, the muse of love poetry. ER'EANE, a river whose waters inebriated. ERIOTHO'NIUS, a king of Athens, who, being lame and very deformed in his feet, invented coaches to conceal his lameness. GAME'LIA, a title of Juno. GAN'GES, a famous river of India. GAN'YMEDE, the cupbearer of Jupiter. GELASI'NUS, the god of mirth and smiles. GELO'NI, a people of Scythia, who used to paint themselves in order to appear more terrible to their enemies. GE'NII, guardian angels. GE'NIUS, a name of Priapus. GER'YON, a king of Spain, who fed his oren with human flesh, and was therefore killed by ERIN'NYS, a common name of the Furies. ETE'OCLES, and POLYNI'CES, sons of Oedipus, who violently hated, and, at last killed each other. EVAD'NE, daughter of Mars and Thebe, who threw herself on the funeral pile of her husband Cataneus, from affection. GLAUCO'PIS, a name of Minerva. GLAUCUS, a fisherman, made a seagod by eating a certain herb; also the son of Hippolochus, who exchanged his arms of gold for the brazen ones of Diomede. GNOS'SIS, a name of Ariadne. GOR'DIUS, a husbandman, but afterwards king of Phrygia, remarkable for tying a knot of EUCRATES, a person remarkable for shuf-cords on which the empire of Asia depended, in Bing, duplicity, and dissimulation. EUMEN'IDES, a name of the Furies. EUPHROS'YNE, one of the three Graces. EURO'PA, the daughter of Agenor, who it is said was carried by Jupiter, in the form of a white bull into Crete. EURY'ALE, one of the three Gorgons. EUTER PE, the muse presiding over music. F FAB'ULA, the goddess of lies. so very intricate a manner, that Alexander the Great, unable to unravel it, cut it to pieces. GOR'GONS, the three daughters of Phorcys and Ceta, Medusa, Euryale, and Stheno, who could change into stone those whom they looked on; Perseus slew Medusa, the principal of them. GORGOPH'ORUS, a title of Pallas. GRA'CES, Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrosyne, the daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome; attendants on Venus and the Muses. GRADI'VUS, a title of Mars. GY'GES, a Lydian, to whom Candaules, king of Lydia, showed his queen naked, which so Hincensed her that she slew Candaules, and mar ried Gyges; also a shepherd, who by means o ring could render himself invisible. projects are a canal across the isthmus, and the establishment of a congress at Panama, to consist of a grand federative council, to decide on all disputes between the different states; to have an army which they shall call out when either of the states or any foreign power commits an aggression. After settling the affairs of these countries, and establishing their peace and independence, it is his wish to travel through the United States and England, for both of which countries he has a high admiration. His enmity against the Spaniards, nourished in the bloody war of Venezuela, is irreconcilable. All his connexions were murdered by them, except an uncle whom he has in Spain.' leon, was born at Ajaccio, Jan. 7, 1768, and re moved with his family to France, in 1793. Th next year he married a mademoiselle Clary, si ter to the present queen of Sweden. He was appointed by his brother a commissary in the army; and by the republic ambassador to Rome in 1797. On his return, he was chosen a dep ty to the council of Five Hundred, and secre ry to that body. After the revolution of the 18 Brumaire, his brother named him counselle of state, and minister plenipotentiary to nego tiate a treaty of amity and commerce with the United States. He signed the treaty of Lune ville, in 1801, and soon after concluded a peac with Great Britain, at Amiens. He was nom nated president of the senate, by the emperor. and honoured with the titles of prince and grand elector of the empire. This was but the prelude to farther advancement; he was raised to the BOYER, John Peter, president of the island of Hayti, is a native of St. Domingo. Of his birth and early life, we are unable to give any particulars. He is said to be well educated, and it appears that he must long have possessed con-rank of general and commander-in-chief of ti siderable influence in his native island, as on the death of Petion, he was elected president of the republic, without opposition. Since the death of Christophe, he has extended his authority over the whole island, and united all the inhabitauts under his government. Boyer has recently procured, by negotiation, the recognition on the part of France, of the independent sovereignty of the whole island. So far as we are acquainted with the acts of his administration, he has given evidence of a strong mind, and of talents for governing, which might be coveted by some of the more legitimate sove-use. He also abolished the feudal rights, and reigns of Europe. army of Naples, and lastly named lieutenant general of that kingdom, which he had invade at the head of a powerful army. On the 13th of Feb., 1806, king Ferdinand left Naples for Sicily and the next day Joseph entered the city and took possession of the palace. He was soon af ter proclaimed king of Naples, and formal elevated to that dignity. As sovereign of the kingdom of Naples, he became subservient t the views and policy of Napoleon. He suppres sed the religious orders, seized upon their pro perty, and converted their lands to the publ created a new order, called the order of the Two BRYANT, William Cullen, a poet of con- Sicilies. He was likewise accused of resigning siderable eminence, was born in the town of pleasure, hours which should have been devoted Cornington, Massachusetts. His father was a to business, and of preferring a voluptuous and respectable physician of that place. After com- ostentations life, to the welfare and respect of pleting his preparatory studies, he became a his subjects. His administration, however, w member of the Williamstown college, and re-far from being either tyrannical or cruel, and b mained there two years. He then commenced people complained rather of his prodigality of his professional studies, read law in an office expenditure, and the burthen of the public ta at Northampton, and settled as a lawyer in es, than of his vices or injustice. In the yen Great Barrington. His amiable character, and 1808, he was proclaimed king of Spain and the social qualities have obtained for him the re- Indies, by Napoleon, and he immediately quit gard of a large circle of friends; while his pure ted Naples, for his new monarchy. The civ taste and cultivated genius have excited admi-wars which ensued in Spain, the interference of ration on both sides of the Atlantic. He now the English, and the victories of Wellington resides at New York, and is an editor of the Atheneum Magazine (1825.) caused his overthrow in that kingdom, and hi retreat from it, in 1813. He returned to France and on the invasion of Russia, in 1814, he wat appointed by the emperor, lieutenant-general of the empire, and commandant-general of the n tional guards, and confidential adviser to the empress Maria Louisa, then invested with th regency. Being afterwards overpowered by the allied army, he left the kingdom, and retired t Switzerland; and on the final abdication of Na poleon, he came to the United States. He b since resided as an American citizen, in the stat of New-Jersey, and has acquired the confidence and esteem of the inhabitants of that state, and of the country. His wife resides with her tw daughters in the vicinity of Frankfort. BUONAPARTE, madam Letitia Romalina, mother to the late emperor of France, was born at Ajaccio, in Corsica, 1750, and in 1767 married an assessor to the tribunal of that island. On the death of her husband, she was left with a numerous family, and without a fortune. She, `however, succeeded in gaining powerful friends and protectors, to some of whom she was indebted for the elevation of her family. On the invasion of Corsica by the English, she removed to Marseilles, and from thence to Paris, where she resided until the downfall of the emperor. During the greater part of that period, she lived in all the splendour and luxury of a court, and received from the French people, that BUONAPARTE, Lucien, was born in 1775 homage which was due to the mother of their and went to France in 1793. He was at firk sovereign. But the elegance which surrounded employed as a commissary of stores, in Belgium this lady had no charms for her, and it was said, and did not commence his political career und that she was constantly advising Napoleon to 1797. He was then sent as a deputy to the cour recollect, that the day of trial might come, when cil of Five Hundred, and, while a member of the dazzling glory with which he was encircled, that body, was distinguished for his moderation might pass away. Since the abdication of the and love of justice. Perceiving that the the emperor, inadam Buonaparte has resided in the government was tottering, and that a chang states of the church, with her sons Lucien and of affairs was approaching, Lucien wrote his brother, then in Egypt, advising him of the BUONAPARTE, Joseph, brother to Napo-state of parties in France, and urging his retur Louis. mont. C and on the arrival of Napoleon, he acted a prin-the bar, where he rose to the highest rank of ripal part in the revolution which elevated his professional eminence. He was afterwards brother to the first consulship. His services on chosen a member of the United States senate that occasion were rewarded by an appointment from the state of New-York, and subsequently to the ministry, and by embassies abroad, in vice-president of the United States. A dispute which he amassed immense wealth. He was of a political nature, led to a personal encounter said to have been opposed to the elevation of between colonel Burr and general Alexander Napoleon to the throne; in consequence of Hamilton, in which the latter was mortally which, a coolness ensued between the brothers wounded. This event, and a charge of high which was so far increased by a subsequent treason against the United States, for which he marriage of Lucien, that he was ordered to quit was tried and acquitted, have destroyed the chaFrance. He retired to Milan, and afterwards to racter and influence of colonel Burr, and cast a Rome. Subsequently he embarked for the Uni- stigma upon his reputation. For several years ed States, was taken prisoner by a British fri- after the above event, he resided in Europe. ate, and sent to England, where he continued He has now, however, returned to America, and intil 1814. On the return of Buonaparte from resides in the city of New-York. Elba, he repaired to his assistance, and took an active part in the affairs of that period. Since the abdication of the emperor, he has resided at Rome. He has been created prince of Canino, by the pope. CALHOUN, John C., is a native of South BUONAPARTE, Louis, third brother of Na-Carolina, and was born in the district of Abbepoleon, was born in the year 1778. He entered ville, about the year 1781. His father emigrated young into the military service, was with his from Pennsylvania to South Carolina, anterior brother in the campaigns of Italy and Egypt, to the revolution, and was an ardent whig durand returned from the latter country with des- ing that struggle. Mr. Calhoun laid the foundapatcl.es for the directory. When Napoleon was tion of his classical attainments under the tuition proclaimed emperor, he was made a constable of the Rev. Dr. Waddel, after which he became of the empire, and governor-general of Pied- a student at Yale College, and graduated with In 1805, he succeeded Murat in the go-much distinction for his proficiency in metavernment of the city of Paris; he afterwards physics, mathematics, and the sciences geneLook command of the army north, and on the rally; and with high reputation for his talents: 4th of June, 1806, he became king of Holland. At this period, Dr. Dwight foretold the political Louis was distinguished for his mild and gentle eminence which he would one day attain. Mr. disposition, and for his love of justice. He made Calhoun prepared himself for the practice of his administration, so far as was in his power, law, attended the lectures of judge Reeve, at beneficial to his people; he diminished the tax- Litchfield, Conn., and soon after, rose to the es of the country, secretly encouraged trade, and first grade in his profession. In a short time he generally adopted such measures as acquired for became a member of the legislature of his native him the character of a good prince. His policy state, where he attracted great confidence, and so far interfered with the views of Napoleon, in two years he was elected to congress. Of this that he was compelled to relinquish the throne, body, Mr Calhoun was an able, an eloquent, and he retired to Gratz, in Styria, and afterwards and a leading member, until the close of the to Rome, where he now resides. He has recent year 1817, when he was appointed secretary at ly published an interesting work, relative to his war. In this capacity, "his attention was acreign over Holland. tively directed to the great and important object BUONAPARTE, Jerome, the younger brother of the general defence," and his active mind of Napoleon, was born in 1784, and educated in seems to have pervaded and analyzed the great France. He went to St. Domingo with Le Clerc, and complicated mass of our national interests, as a lieutenant, and soon afterwards was ap- and to have formed almost a new creation in pointed to the command of a frigate. Buona- the military department of the government.' parte had so high an opinion of his nautical ta- In March, 1825, Mr. Calhoun was elected vicelents that he made him an admiral; he, how-president of the United States. He was a leadever, was soon dissatisfied, and transferred him ing, decided, and able advocate for the late war, to the army, where he rose to the command of and has ever been a uniform advocate for in a division. About the year 1801, Jerome visited ternal improvements, and also for a navy, "as the United States, and while here, he married a the appropriate armour for a free people, withMies Patterson, daughter of a very respectable out endangering their liberty." As a statesman, gentleman of Baltimore. Napoleon compelled Mr. Calhoun is an ornament to his country; as ita to divorce this lady, with a view of marry- a patriot, he is ardent and independent; and his ing a princess of the house of Wertemburg. colloquial powers are of the first order. This marriage took place in 1807, and he now CAMBACERES, John James Regis de, was resides with his family in the territory of Wer- born at Montpellier, of a respectable family, in temburg, under the title of count of Montfort. 1753, and educated for the bar. His talents soon BURR, Aaron, late vice-president of the Uni-gave him reputation, and in 1792, he was nam ed States, was born at Fairfield, in Connecticut, ed a deputy to the national convention, and, in in 1749, and educated at Princeton college, in that capacity, voted for the death of the king. New Jersey, of which his father was president. He was afterwards president of the council of At the age of twenty-five he was aid de-camp Five Hundred, and minister of justice. On the to general Putnam, and he was afterwards lieu-elevation of Napoleon to the first consulship, leuant-colonel in one of the twelve regiments Cambaceres was created second consul, and, in of the new levy, in the revolutionary war. that office, devoted himself to the organization During the whole of that war he was distin-of the courts of justice. As emperor, Napoleon guished for his bravery, talents, and liberality. named him arch-chancellor of the empire, and At the close of the war he applied himself to a member of the legion of honour. He was int study of the law, and was soon called to defatigable in the service of the emperor, who |