On motion, nominations were made for of- | ficers for the ensuing year. A number of persons named for the higher offices declined, and after no little confusion, during the balloting, the result was announced as follows:

President-H. S. Jones, of Erie.

Vice President-Miss Jennie Reighard, Williamsport; Miss Martha Glass, Pittsburg; Mr. Wm. P. Wyers, West Chester; and Mr. H. W. Fisher, Bedford.

Secretary-A. M. Martin, Corry.

Assistant Secretary-Geo. L. Maris, West Chester.

Corresponding Secretary-J. P. McCaskey, Lancaster.

Ticket Agent-C. H. Harding, Philadelphia.

Assistant Ticket Agent-E. O. Lyte, Lan

caster.

Treasurer-Amos Row, Lancaster.

Two propositions to change the method of electing officers were postponed to the evening session.

Adjourned to 7:30 p. m.

EVENING SESSION.

Association convened in the Court House, a large audience present. The presiding officer introduced Dr. Thomas H. Burrowes as the first speaker of the evening.

He said the subject selected for this evening's address was the True Practical, or the relation of science to art. But as its discussion would require more time than would now be afforded, he must content himself with stating some of the prominent points, and leave the filling up to his audience.

There was Revelation and there was Science: Revelation was so much of God's laws relating to man's present and future condition, as it had pleased the Deity to reveal. Being God's law it was absolute verity, and is not progressive as science is. It can only be progressive in the extent of its influence. So far as human additions to it are concerned, in his opinion, the only change it needs is the abolition of those additions and a return to the simplicity of the Gospel as it was when first promulgated. In regard to science it is quite different. All of it being the discovery of the human intellect, it is essentially progressive, and is thus approaching nearer to truth with the experience of every generation. A science is the whole body of the laws or principles relating to some particular department of knowledge so far as known, with rules for their application. What are now called The Sciences men of old termed The Arts. Even now we graduate persons, not as Magister Scientiarum, but as Magister| Artium. The Liberal Arts then included all

learning. When the dark ages obscured learning generally, the arts became degraded. Then Astrology and Alchemy, and belief in nostrums in Medicine prevailed; and many sought to foretell the future, to transmute to gold the baser metals, and to prolong life, by alleged powers possessed by themselves by means of their art. But these pretenders did not stand the touch of investigation; and when honester men tested their truth they were found to be without claim. Still, in the investigation of these claims certain great truths in nature were discovered; and the result was systematic investigation for truth and not for impossible arcana. Hence arose the new p:inciple of observing facts and educing from them laws,—or the inductive method, in which Galileo and Bacon, Newton and Franklin, were so prominent. And on this foundation was reared the whole body of the sciences, as we now have them. Thus was art-even the debased art of the dark ages the true producing cause of the sciences.

The work of the two centuries previous to this, was the building up of the sciences as mere abstractions. The work of the present, as far as it has gone, has been the application of those sciences to the practical purposes of life; and that work is becoming more active and more productive of world-benefit every year. Hence it is that institutions for practical training in every profession and employment are becoming so numerous, yet all based on the plan of teaching those employments scientifically. So it is in Medicine, in Law, in Teaching, in Agriculture, in Engineering, &c., &c.

This

The next step in this grand march of human progress will be the discovery that, as mere Art had been the progenitor of mere Science, so Art would be acknowledged to be greater, better, more useful than science. is as true as the truism, that the whole is greater than any of its parts: For, as true art can only be based on true science, and cannot exist without a knowledge of its correspondent science, so the true artist is and must be greater than the mere professor of the related science. This might not be acknowledged now; but he staked what little of reputation he had for knowledge in such matters upon the assertion and on the prophecy that this truth would ere long be generally acknowledged.

That this great truth has not been sooner acknowledged, is mainly owing to the teachers of the past and also of the present generation. The branches which are really the most useful and practical, have been and are so unpractically taught, that the working world is loud

in its demand for what are called the "bread and butter" sciences, and generally though ignorantly, denounces others which are, in their nature, the most useful and practical, and this merely because there is so little practical teaching in the schools. Orthography, which is for the eye and not the ear; grammar, which seems to be designed to enable the scholar to parse and not to speak correctly; and geography, which hardly ever takes its starting point from the school house, as it should, but burdens the memory with places and boundaries thousands of miles away,-add scarcely any practical knowledge to the student's store. Yet these are the most essential, with arithmetic, to his life work. So of mathematics. Of all others it is capable of being made the most practical; yet a mathematician is generally another name for one ridiculously ignorant of all the common affairs of life.

The classics and the study of philology are denounced as worthless. There never was a greater error. The moral history of a nation may be locked up in a single word. The "virtus" (courage) of the Roman, degenerated into the "virtuosi-ism" of the oppressed Italian, but revived again into the "virtue" of the Anglo-Saxon,-in each nation expressing the quality held highest in esteem in the higher or lower social condition of the people using it. Language, and its study, are more influential on national character than is generally supposed. The English, with its difficult orthography, grammar and pronunciation, has no doubt, had much to do in developing the mind of the nations using it. The language of the Turks is said to be one of the most regular and easily acquired in existence; and for that reason, among others, may it not be that the Turks, though for centuries in possession of the fairest portion of the earth, are still in a state of semibarbarism?

Practicalness does not consist in branches of learning, but in such acquisition of all or any branches as shall enable them to be applied to the every-day uses of life. This will never be effected, till it be discovered and practiced on that the teacher's art is greater than the teacher's seience. In other words, that the practical teacher is also the scientific teacher, and, especially, that he is versed in mental science and a knowledge of the wants of the rising generation. That change is rapidly approaching; we are in the midst of it; and when the teacher shall thus be scientifically practical, the world will find out, not only that art is greater than mere science, but that no branch of human learning is useless, nor any much more useful than another, so long as all are for practice and not as abstractions,

Prof. Henkle, of Ohio, spoke briefly, congratulating the members upon the size of the assemblage. He said the remark of Dr. Burrowes, concerning mathematical professors, would apply with equal force to a man confining himself strictly to any single department of thought. What constitutes us distinctively what we are, is that which we have forgotten. After a fact or an idea is thoroughly assimilated, we forget the source-it is ours. And while we remember the source, it has not been digested.

A comic solo by Mr. Baker-"The Deutsch Gentleman."

Hon. E. E. White said he had carefully read the Pennsylvania School Journal for twelve or fifteen years, and was glad to meet the teachers of the State face to face. He should carry away none but pleasant memories. Every community thinks its schools a little the best in the world; and at Cleveland he had thought Pennsylvania would not excel Ohio in this century; but his State pride had to come down. He believed our system was better than theirs in many respects. Its only drawback was in the danger of substituting machinery for living men-nothing can make up for the absence of soul. Let your supervision be as perfect as possible, unless the teachers are artists and not mere operatives, the system will not be progressive. He hoped Ohio would follow us closely. Together they had gone through the great national struggle; and as they form the centre of the great arch, together they should lift up a colossal manhood, upon which the nations may gaze in wonder, and in which the down-trodden may hope for a nobler future.

State Superintendent Wickersham expressed his gratification at being able to welcome here his two distinguished friends from Ohio. He had refused to speak here, but was compelled to take back his word. He was proud of this body of Pennsylvania teachers, and complimented the committee on the programme, which was a feast of literary dainties. He rejoiced that we combined here so many school interests. In addition to the large number of common school teachers-twice as many as ever before we have twenty-five or thirty Superintendents, and representatives of the faculty of ten or twelve of the largest academies in the State; and three of her principal colleges have spoken upon this floor. This betokens the approach of the long-looked-for time when all the school interests of the State shall be combined in closer union. It corrects the prevailing error that imagines an antagonism between teacher and Superintendent, or school and college. He hoped the time was

not far distant when Pennsylvania would give | substantial encouragement to the higher schools as well as those for the children. For it is not enough that we should train our citizens only in the common school branches. We want higher culture to place us on a safe basis. To that end the State should encourage good academies, so as to give every boy and girl a chance to enjoy their benefits, and should throw open the doors of every college in the Commonwealth to every boy, free as the air. There is not one of our leading colleges but is prepared to fall in with such a movement; all we want is to bring public sentiment up to the idea that every child, whatever his nation, party, faith or color, is entitled to all the education he can receive. He had dreamed sometimes of the consummation of this great work in a university crowning one of the hills around the State Capital, somewhat like the great universities of Germany.

He had a criticism or two to make upon the session. We have learned that the Association must meet in larger towns than Greensburg. Though its people have done all they could, they and we have been discommoded. He was glad the teachers had agreed to come to old Dutch Lancaster. They will find houses and hearts big enough to contain not only all who are here, but as many more as will come from all parts of the Commonwealth. The order

has been complained of, but he considered it reasonably good. There have been some things that were not in good taste, and that did not occur in the old days. The electioneering for the high offices was not desirable. All such manœuvring should be stopped, and he would do all he could to put an end to it. He was disappointed in the results attained. The teaching talent of the State had spent three days together, and what is the result? We are revising the school law-what light has been thrown upon it? The permanent certificate question has been laid aside for a year. He wanted to know where the teachers stood. He was pledged to heed their voice, and would have done so. But there has been no decision on any of the important points. If there is any debris clogging the profession-any stone about its neck-he wanted to clear it away, and cut it loose. He wanted to build up the profession upon the safest foundation, which must be the State certificate. We already count our teachers who have professional diplomas by dozens, and these will pave the way for future growth. He believed that what has been done with respect to professional certificates will meet the approval of ninetynine hundredths of all the teachers in Pennsyl

vania. He did not want to do anything unless the teachers were in sympathy with him. He and they should have an eye single to the establishment of the profession on a firm footing. He referred to committees appointed at past sessions to carry the results to the Governor. He had served on one of these, and its effect was to increase the length of the school term. He wished there was as much to carry away with us now. The County Superintendency came from here--the Normal system followed -most of the best things we have came from this State Association. Let us be worthy of our past record. Let us not hereafter adjourn without some fruits of our labor-something to offer to our State and our God, as the product of our work.

W. H. Parker, Philadelphia, offered the following, which was adopted:

Resolved, That, hereafter, on the opening of the first session, four persons present shall be appointed as a Committee of Enrolment, to act in conjunction with the Secretary, or, in his absence, the Assistant Secretary, and under his directions; so as to prepare a list of members, with the address, for publication, and for reading over at the beginning of the morning sessions after the firstalso to attach to said list one containing the station left and all the railroads passed over on the way to the meeting of the Association, for the use of the Ticket Agent.

Mr. Parker also proposed the adoption of the following resolution:

Resolved, That hereafter the nominations for officers be made one session before the time for election; that all the names of persons nominated for President be printed on one ticket; all the names for Vice President, on another; and all the names for other officers on another; and that at the time of election, in voting for President, the member voting shall strike off all names but one; in voting for Vice Presidents, all names be stricken off except those of two ladies and two gentlemen; and in voting for other officers, all names be stricken off except one for each office.

Chas. W. Deans, of Chester, offered a substitute for the above, remarking that a similar plan of conducting the elections had worked well for many years in the neighboring State of Ohio. It has the recommendation of Hon. E. E. White, and an additional recommendation in the fact that in this way the election can be disposed of quietly, and in a very few minutes.

His resolution was as follows:

Resolved, That from and after the annual meeting of the Pennsylvania State Teachers' Association, for 1869, the method of conducting elections of officers be changed from that of separate ballot for the different offices, heretofore in use, to the following: A Committee on Nominations, consisting of nine prominent members of the Association-representing the different sections and various educational interests of the State-be appointed by the Committee to recommend an entire ticket which, when President in conjunction with the Vice Presidents; said approved by the Association, shall be elected by the deposit of a single ballot by the Secretary.

The proposition was not acted upon, and the whole subject passed over to the next session of the Association. It was a matter of doubt with many whether the proposed change did not involve an amendment to the Constitution, which document could not be found. J. C. Gilchrist offered the following, which was adopted:

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by the Chair to report at the next meeting some system of practical work to be conducted by this Association, and to systematize the results of its annual deliberations. A. T. Douthett offered the following, which was adopted:

Resolved, That it is the sense of this Convention that the minimum school term should be at least eight months, and that we suggest that the State Superintendent recommend to the Legislature such change in the school law as will secure such increased term.

Resolved, That we ask such increased State appropriation as will be necessary to defray the expense incident to such increased school term.

Amos Row reported from the committee to nominate an Executive Committee, as follows: The committee to consist of Charles W. Deans, Chester; W. N. Aiken, Lawrence; Wm. H. Parker, Philadelphia; J. C. Gilchrist, Washington; S. D. Ingram, Dauphin. The report was adopted.

The Committee on Resolutions reported through W. W. Woodruff, chairman, as follows:

Resolved, That as members of the Pennsylvania State

Teachers' Association, we express our gratification at the

increasing interest in popular education everywhere manifest, of which this large and enthusiastic meeting gives

abundant evidence.

Resolved, That this increasing interest is largely due to the wise and energetic administration of the School Department, to the action of the Legislature in requiring

an annual Teachers' Institute in every county, and to the

increasing efficiency of the County Superintendency.

Resolved, That the Pennsylvania School Journal, the organ of the Association and of the Department of Common Schools, should receive the support of the teachers

and directors of the Commonwealth in order that the editors and publisher may be able to make it equal in interest and character to the best educational journals in

other States.

Resolved, That our thanks are hereby tendered to the Railroad Companies of Pennsylvania, for their liberality; to the citizens of Greensburg for their hospitality; to the Local Committee for the efficient discharge of their delicate duties; to the Trustees of the M. E. Church for the use of their building; to the Commissioners of Westmoreland county for the use of the Court House; to the officers of the Association for the assiduous discharge of their duties; and to the gentlemen and ladies who have instructed or entertained us by readings or by song.

Resolved, That in the death of Chas. R. Coburn, late

Supt. Fisher, of Bedford, offered the following:

Resolved, That the Chair appoint a committee of three to prepare a correct copy of the Constitution of this

Association, from its minutes and other sources, and pre

sent the same at our next annual meeting.

After being amended by Capt. Eberhard, that 600 copies be printed for the use of the Association, the resolution was adopted.

Rev. J. N. Boyle, of the Local Committee, said be was requested by the citizens to thank the Association for the entertainment they had received at its hands. He believed it had exerted a good influence upon the community, and trusted it would extend throughout the section. He thought it was wrong to say that this was not the place to come. He was but a sojourner here, and had experienced the hospitality of its people. There were many things this town might boast of. Her sons had filled seats in the Senate chamber, the Executive chair, and the Supreme Bench, with honor to the State. Many of them had written their names in blood at Gettysburg and the Wilderness. We also boast an intelligent Board of Directors, efficient teachers, and a school building equal to any town of its size in the Commonwealth. And we are a fruitful vine, and have the children to educate. He hoped that Lancaster in 1870 would have 5,000 teachers for her 20,000 inhabitants to entertain, which would be about in proportion to the number at Greensburg, and if they carry off the palm, let them wear it. To the teachers he would say: Go on in the work God has assigned you, and we will all take you by the hand and bid you God-speed. The battles of to-day are to be fought and its victories won by us. May God make us all strong for the conflict.

Wm. F. Wyers being called upon, said it was time young people like himself were in bed, and it was unfitting that he should be called to address this vast audience. As a member of the Association, he thanked the gentleman and through him the good people of the town, for their manifold kindnesses and hospitalities. If God shall spare our lives another let us year, labor with increased zeal, applying those lessons we have received for the good of those entrusted to our care.

A few remarks were then made by the retiring and the incoming Presidents, after which Prof. Hall sang "The Green Old Hills."

The long metre doxology-" Praise God from whom all blessings flow" was then sung. Dr. Browne pronounced the benediction, and the Association adjourned sine die.

ADAMSI.

H. V. Lane,

ALLEGHENY-80.
A. T. Douthett,
L. H. Eaton,

J. L. Harrison,

J. M. Logan, John Morrow, W. M. Whitmore, W. P. Montgomery, L. A. Haller, F. N. Bardwell, Wm. Evans, J. P. Andrews, Andrew Burtt, W. N. Hull, D. C. Holmes, J. M. Conroy, Geo. J. Luckey, G. W. Harrison, R. H. Kelly, A. D. Glenn, J. Frank Condon, H. G. Squires, G. L. Holliday, Amos Stevens, Mrs. A. Stevens, Maria A. Smith, Martha Glass, Sadie Smith, Anna B. Heckert, Kate M. Wolfe, Jennie Mitchell, Mary B. Garvin, Cornelia J. Randolph, S. A. Walker, Cornelia C. Nixon, Melissa Burtt, Jennie Ralston, Sarah R. Hipsley, Mary Hughes. A. A. Harrison, Emily Mills, Hannah J. Lyon, Fannie J. Bevington, Lizzie A. Metcalfe, Ellen May, Ada May, Elmina McGraw, Rachel B. Fowler, Lizzie Morgan,

Tillie Morgan,

Jennie Adams.
Louisa Sellers,
Jennie McCutcheon,
Maggie Hare,
Louisa A. Ahlborn,
Ida Caller,
Anna M. Frethy,
Carrie M. Hartley,
Mattie Askine,

Rebecca Witherow, B. M. Fleming,

Nannie J. Murphy,
Harriet M. Matthews,
L. W. Lompree,
M. M. Reed,
H. D. Patton,
Nancy Bell,
Aggie M. Fadden,
Aggie Lupton,
Emma J. Hemeup,
Maggie Clubey,
E. J. Aber,
Annie McCune,
M. M. Renwick,
Lizzie F. Renwick,
Mary Proudfoot,
Fannie Caldwell,
Fannie Goff,
Isabella Johnston,
Susan Johnston,
Amelia W. M'Creary.

ARMSTRONG-21.
T. W. Innes,
James Altman,
Robt. B. McKee,
R. W. McKee,
Gilbert L. Eberhart,
Samuel Murphy,
J. M. Stevenson,
E. D. Dickenson,
J. D. Gill,

Hugh McCandless,
Anna L. Paul,
Bella C. Parks,
Maggie Buckley,
N. Colwell,
B. Colwell,
Lida Sedgwick,
Jennie Gibson,
Jennie Kness,
Emma George,
Hattie W. Corbett,
Mary Mooney.

BEAVER 22. Geo. M. Fields, Martin Gantz, T. H. Douglas, M. Foulk, Benj. Franklin, S. M. Nickum, S. D. Marquis, Jennie Ecoff, Lizzie J. Strock, Ella M. Foulk, Mira L. Dunlap, Anna Russell, Hattie L. Decker, E. A. McConnell, Tillie E. Moorehead, Maria R. Eberhart,

Amelia Witherow,

M. J. Hunter,

S. A. Platt,
Jennie B. Anderson,
Mary G. Bryan.

BERKS-22.

S. S. Jack, D. B. Brunner, Nathan C. Schaeffer, L, A. Cotteren, A. J. Wobensmith, Anne E. Heller, Sarah R. Becker, Kate Heller, Mary Yohn, Mary E. Jones, Lizzie E. Jones, Annie Schlemm Sallie Ringgold, Mary S. Jones, Amanda G. Jones, Lina M. Roland, Sallie E. Brenhotts, Elizabeth A. Stahle, Martha L Stahle, Anna M. Heebner, Sophie Burt.

BEDFORD-1. H. W. Fisher.

BLAIR-10. John Miller, J. H. Stephens, M. G. Marsden, M. Cunningham, P. M. McCrum, Margaret McQuead, Mary A. Wallan, Anna Johnston, Carric Allen, Mary Stauffer.

BUCKS-5.

G. W. Rubincam,
Mrs. Wm. Rubincam,
Anna M. Hough,
Emma E. Rine,
Sue D. Richardson.

BUTLER-2. Mary J. Hunter, Mary M. McCracken,

CAMBRIA-23. T. J. Chapman, S. B. McCormack, A. C. Johnson, J. C. Clark, M. A. Wesner, Mary Roath, Mary Landon, Rose F. Griffin,

CENTRE-10.
Tho. H. Burrowes,
Edward T. Burgan,
S. E. Huey,
Mrs. Silas Wright,
Nannie Ammerman,
Mary E. Ammerman,
Hannah Thompson,
Beckie McGinley,
Sophy C. Keller,
Sallie J. Keller,

CHESTER-51.
Chas. W. Deans,
W. W. Woodruff,
Wm. F. Wyers,
F. A. Wyers,
George F. Moore,
Wm. W. Power,
W. E. Caveng,
D. J. Baldwin,
Geo. L. Maris,
Mrs. G. L. Maris,
J. J. Morris,
Thamzen Gray,
Mary Ralston,
Ella Ralston,
Kate J. Happersett,
Sidney P. Stebbins,
Helen R. Marshall,
Emma Brown,
Hannah Epright,
Sadie E. Fisher,
Mary E. White,
May C. Allen,
Eva R. Woodward,
Emma E. Stevens,
Emma Hurford,
Sarah E. Hurford,
Agnes H. Stephens,
Lina Pusey,
Patience Michener,
Beckie E. Kepner,
Martha Ellis,
Sallie Titlow,
Isabella B. Benner,
S. Lizzie Worrest,