schatka and the Chinese empire. South of this, the Sea of Corea or Japan, between the Japan Islands and the continent. South of this, the Yellow Sea, between the Peninsula of Corea and China Proper. Gulf of Tonquin, between China Proper and Cochin China. Gulf of Siam, between Cambodia, and the peninsula of Malaya.

II. ON THE SOUTHERN COAST.-The Bay of Bengal, between the Birman empire and Hindoostan. West of this, the Sea of Arabia, between Hindoostan and Arabia. Northeast of this, the Persian Gulf, between Persia and Arabia. West of this, the Arabian Gulf, or the Red Sea, between Arabia and Africa.

Southern

coast.

coast.

III. ON THE NORTHERN COAST.-The Sea of Kara, Northern between the Island of Nova Zembla and the continent. East of this, the Sea of Oby, or Ob, extending south into the country of Siberia, or Russia in Asia.

SECTION III.

STRAITS.

The Channel of Tartary connects the Seas of Okhotsk and Corea or Japan-the Strait of Sangar connects the Sea of Corea or Japan, with the Pacific Ocean-the Strait of Corea, connects the Sea of Corea, or Japan with the Yellow Sea-the Strait of Malacca

Straits.

Lakes.

connects the Bay of Bengal with the Pacific Oceanthe Strait of Ormus connects the Persian Gulf with the Indian Ocean, or Sea of Arabia—and the Strait of Babelmandel connects the Red Sea or Arabian Gulf, with the Sea of Arabia.

Caspian. 1. THE CASPIAN SEA.-This is a large salt water lake, lying east from the Black Sea. It is upwards of six hundred miles long. It has no outlet.

A ral.

Durrak.

Rivors.

Amour.

Hoang-ho, &0.

2. SEA OF ARAL.-This lies east of the Caspian Sea, and is nearly three hundred miles long. The water of this, is salt like the Caspian. The Caspian Sea, and Aral, are supposed to have been once united.

3. SEA OF DURRAH.-This is in Persia, southeast from the Caspian Sea, and on the frontier of Cabul.

SECTION V.

PRINCIPAL RIVERS.

1. THE AMOUR.-This rises on the south side of the Altay Mountains, runs upwards of two thousand miles, and empties into the Sea of Okhotsk.

2. THE HOANG-HO, and YANG TSE KIANG.-These rise near each other in the mountains of Tartary, and after flowing, each, above two thousand miles, and

sometimes at a distance of one thousand miles from

each other, at last both empty into the Yellow Sea.

3. THE IRAWADDY.-This rises in Thibet, flows Irawaddy. southward, and falls into the Bay of Bengal. It has a

course of about thirteen hundred miles.

4. THE BRAHMAPOOTRA, or SAMPOO.-The sources

of this river are unknown.

the Ganges near its mouth.

It forms a junction with

It is supposed that its

course cannot be less than two thousand miles.

Brahmapootra.

5. THE GANGES.-It has been lately discovered that Genges. this river rises in an arch, or cavern of snow, in the Himmaleh Mountains, thirteen thousand feet above the level of the sea. After a course of fifteen hundred miles, it falls into the Bay of Bengal.

6. THE SIND, or INDUS.-This rises in the Thibetian⚫ Indus Mountains, and flows into the Arabian Sea, having a course of about sixteen hundred miles.

7. THE OXUS, or GIHOON.-This rises near the Oxus. sources of the Indus-runs nearly north to Balk, where it is met by a large stream from the east-thence it runs in a northwestern course, about nine hundred miles, and falls into the Sea of Aral.

8. THE HERMUND.-This has its source near that Hermund of the Indus, and flows southwest, and west, and emp

ties into the Sea of Durrah.

Euphrates. 9. EUPHRATES, and TIGRIS.-These rise in the Armenian or Gordiæan Mountains, unite their waters,

Orontes.

Oby.

Lena, &c.

after flowing nearly one thousand miles, and fall into the Persian Gulf.

10. THE ORONTES.-This is in Syria-rises in Anti-Lebanon-runs east to Antioch-thence west, and falls into the Mediterranean Sea.

11. THE OBY, or Ов..—This rises in the Altay Mountains, flows north, and empties into the Sea of Oby, or Ob. Its course is two thousand five hundred miles.

12. The YENISEI, and LENA.-These are large rivers emptying into the Arctic Sea after a course of two thousand four hundred miles.

Islands.

Eastern coast.

I. NORTH EASTERN AND SOUTHERN COAST.-Some of these, that are not included in Australasia, are as follows. Between the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Pacific ocean are the Kurile Islands. South of the Kurile, and east of the peninsula of Corea, are the Japan Islands, the chief of which is Niphon. The Island Formosa lies directly east from Canton. South of Formosa, and east of the Gulf of Tonquin, lie the Philippines, sometimes called the Manillas, from Manilla their capital, in the island of Luzon.

Hainan lies in the gulf of Tonquin. Borneo is a large island, and lies east from the peninsula of Malacca, or Malaya. East of this, are the Moluccas. The Sumatran, or Sunda Isles, lie south and southeast of the peninsula of Malaya; the largest of which is Sumatra; but the capital of these Isles is Batavia, in Java. Ceylon lies to the southeast of cape Comorin, and at the entering in of the bay of Bengal.

coast.

II. ON THE WESTERN COAST.-Cyprus lies to the Western west of Syria, in that part of the Mediterranean Sea, which is called the Levant, and about midway between Europe and Africa. The Ancient Sporades, so called Sporades. from the Greek SPORAS, Scattered. These lie in the Archipelago Sea, off the coast of Lesser Asia. Among these we may mention-Rhodes, which lies near the southwestern point of Lesser Asia. To the northeast of this, is Stancho, or Cos. Patmos lies to the north of this-and to the northeast of Patmos, is Samos. To the northwest of Samos, is Scio-and a little to the east of north from Scio, is Mytilene.

SECTION VII.

DISTINGUISHED MOUNTAINS.

1. THE ALTAY MOUNTAINS.-This range commences near the Sea of Aral, or perhaps, is a continuation of the Ural Mountains, that here bend to the east. From near the Sea of Aral, under various

Mountains.

Altay.