Himmaleh.

Sinai.

Lebanon.

names, it runs a northeasterly course to the Pacific Ocean, separating Siberia, or Russia in Asia, from the Chinese empire. Its highest summit is Bogdo Alim, or Almighty Mountain, on the border of Mongul Tartary, which is about ten thousand seven hundred feet in height. The part of this range in Independent Tartary, called Belen Tag, is the northern Imaus of the ancients.

2. THE HIMMALEH MOUNTAINS.-These may be considered as the southwestern range of the Ural, or Altay Mountains. The Uralian, Altaic, and Himmalean ranges, may be considered as meeting in Independent Tartary. The southern Imaus of the ancients, is to be traced in the Himmalean range. In Thibet, and the adjacent countries, these mountains are of prodigious height. The Dwawala-giri, or White Mountain, is twenty-six thousand eight hundred and sixty-two feet above the level of the sea.

3. MOUNT SINAI.-This mountain is of no remarkable height, but is distinguished as the mount on which God delivered to Moses the moral law. It is in the southern part of Arabia, between the Elanatic Gulf, and the Sea of Suez. Near Sinai, is Horeb, and near this, is St. Catharine-or these three form one mountain, having three tops, or peaks.

4. LEBANON.-Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon belong to Turkey in Asia.

5. TAURUS. This range runs along the southern Taurus. coast of Lesser Asia; and stretches eastward, towards

the Caspian Sea.

6. CAUCASIAN MOUNTAINS.-This range commen. Caucasian. ces near the Sea of Azoph, and runs to the Caspian Sea. Several branches proceed from this range southeast; and uniting with branches of the Taurus, they continue through Persia, Beloochistan, into Hindoostan.

18

CHAPTER III.

Africa.

Boundaries.

Countries.

On the
Border.

Eastern
Border.

AFRICA.

Africa is bounded on the east, by the Isthmus of Suez, the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean, which divide it from Asia-on the south, by the Southern Ocean on the west, by the Atlantic Ocean, which separates it from America-and on the north, by the Mediterranean Sea, which separates it from Europe.

SECTION I.

AFRICAN COUNTRIES.

In the present rapid survey of the countries of Africa, we may notice-those that lie on its border; and those that are inland.

COUNTRIES ON THE BORDER.

I. ON THE EASTERN BORDER.-Egypt is in the northeast, having the Mediterranean on the north, and the Red Sea on the east. South of Egypt, on the coast of the Red Sea, is Nubia, comprising Don. gola and Sennaar. South of Nubia, on the same coast, and west of the straits of Babelmandel, is Abyssinia. On the southern coast of Babelmandel, is Adel-and south of Adel, on the shores of the Indian Ocean, is Ajan. From this, the coast bears

to the southwest and proceeding from Ajan, to the southern point of Africa, called the Cape of Good Hope; we meet with Zanguebar, Mosambique, Monomotapa or coasts of Sofala and Sabia, Caffraria, and the Cape Colony. At this southern point of Africa, is the country of the Hottentots.

Border.

II. ON THE WESTERN BORDER.-From the Cape Western of Good Hope, the coast runs nearly north to the Bight, or Gulf of Biafra, which is about half way from the Cape of Good Hope, to the straits of Gibraltar, in a direct line. Proceeding from Cape-Town, in the Cape Colony, to the Bight of Biafra, we meet with Zimbebas which has no fresh water, Bengu. ela, Angola, Congo, Loango, and Biafra.

From the Bight, or Gulf of Biafra, the coast runs nearly west, to Liberia. Proceeding from the Bight of Biafra to Monrovia, in Liberia, we meet with Guinea, including what has been called the Slave coast, now the kingdoms of Benin and Dahomy; the Gold coast or Ashantees; and the Ivory and Grain coasts, now comprised, in part, in Liberia.

From Monrovia in Liberia, the coast runs nearly northwest, then north, then nearly northeast to the straits of Gibraltar. Proceeding from Monrovia, along the coast, we meet with Sierra Leone; Cape Verde in Senegambia, the country between the rivers Senegal and Gambia; Sahara, or Great Desert; and Mo

Northern
Border.

Inland.

Rivers.

Nile.

rocco, which extends to the straits of Gibraltar. The northern part of Morocco is called Fez.

The whole coast from Fez to Egypt, is called the› Barbary Coast. Proceeding from Fez, eastward, is Algiers; then Tunis; then Tripoli, where the shore takes a southern direction; and then Barca, which extends to Egypt.

INLAND COUNTRIES.

West of Egypt is Libya. West of Nubia and Abys. sinia, is Darfoor, or Darfur. The interiour of the peninsula of Africa, is Ethiopia, an unexplored country, occupied by the Gagas, and other barbarous tribes. On the north of Guinea, and northeast from Liberia, is the country of Soudan, or Nigritia, comprising the following districts, beginning in the interiour and proceeding towards the western coast--Bornou, Haoussa, and Bambara. Northeast from Sierra Leone, and east of Senegambia, are the Faulahs, or Pholeys. North of Soudan or Nigritia, are the Tibboos, and Tauricks. And south of Tripoli, is the country of Fezzan. But it may here be remarked, that the interiour of Africa, is almost wholly unexplored, and unknown.

1. THE NILE.-This rises in the Gibel Kumra, or Mountains of the Moon-runs east, then northeast,