power have no temptations, and as a man who will upon all occasions give expression to his honest convictions without truckling to party exigencies or the popular sentiment of the moment. But his fame will rest upon a more substantial basis than that of a political mandarin. Professor Smith, like Dean Swift, has often concentrated upon the discussion of some political or social abuse which, of vital moment in its day, frequently loses its importance when in the evolution of national events the question and the bitter memories it evoked have passed away, that acute critical faculty and marvellous command of language, which have ranked him among the most brilliant political controversialists of the century. He has fought hard and well, and his reward must be the knowledge that the prejudices he sought to dissipate will rapidly disappear as the lessons he has inculcated take root in the hearts of the Canadian people, and they learn to appreciate the divine gift of true manhood and shake off their subservience to tradition and partyism. He has been wilfully misunderstood by a generation of self-seeking machine politicians and sub

Professor Charles G. D. Roberts.

William Wilfred Campbell.

sidized government organs, which the more general diffusion of intelligence is beginning to relegate to their proper position in the scheme of things. The young men of Canada to-day, in whose hands the country's future lies, are learning to appreciate Professor Smith's services at their true worth, and the reforms he has been vilified for advocating are gradually becoming freed from the obscurity in which party emergencies had involved them, and popular sentiment will ultimately force their adoption. But it is upon

his contributions to critical and historical literature that Goldwin Smith's claims to the remembrance of posterity must rest. The clear directness of his style, the wonderful imagery and the aptness and richness of allusion, which are characteristic of his writings, have caused him to be compared to Lord Macaulay, and made his name famous on both sides of the Atlantic. In addition to his books he has been a frequent contributor to current literature, and possesses the open sesame to all the leading American and English reviews. All his life he has been identified with what was enlightened, progressive, and democratic-using the last word in its largest and best significance - in modern thought. In this latter part of the nineteenth century he is the chief exponent of that elevated and universal pit

of vitality, and his voice as robust, as those of a stripling of twenty. The learned doctor passed his youth in Edinburgh, graduating at the University of that city, and gaining a great many academical titles and distinctions. He devoted himself particu

James Macdonald Oxley.

larly to the study of archæological and ethnological science, and obtained a European reputation before his thirty-seventh year. It was in the zenith of his prosperity, when Edinburgh prophesied all manner of great things for his future, that he was induced to relinquish the position he then held as Secretary to the Scottish Society of Antiquaries, and accept the offer of a chair in Toronto University as Professor of History and English Literature. He has since that important occasion become thor

oughly identified with Canadian thought and aspiration, but he still retains a warm love for the modern Athens in which his earliest years were spent, and around which so many of his happiest memories naturally cluster. His wonderfully successful and

tranquil life is due not only to his generous mental equipment, but to his early years of patient preparation, his love of hard work for its own sake, and his tenacity of purpose. Few men have more fully realized the career they marked out for themselves than he has succeeded in doing; but few men are capable of the same ungrudging, unremitting toil, which he has voluntarily undergone. He is enrolled as an honorary member of half the leading scientific societies and learned institutions of the Old World, and possesses royal diplomas from the crowned heads of Europe almost innumerable. His life study has been archæology, but he has also contributed largely to current general literature. The most important works that have been given to the world from his pen are: Memorials of Edin

burgh in the Olden Time (1847); The Archaeological and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland (1851), a work which Hallam, the famous historian, pronounced to be the most scientific treatment of the archæological evidences of primitive history which had ever been written. ond edition of the same book, carefully revised, and with many important additions. appeared in 1863, under the abbreviated title of Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, and in the same year was also published the

A sec

author's magnum opus, Prehistoric Man: Researches into the Origin of Civilization in the Old and New World. This work, the result of years of labor and research in archæology and ethnology in both hemispheres, has deservedly become a standard work upon a subject which must always be more or less involved in a distracting series of hypotheses. Reminiscences of Old Edinburgh (1878) is of a more purely literary character, and is a mine of delightful reading to the student of history and literature, and to the antiquarian. A more distinctively literary effort is his biography of Chatterton, "the marvellous boy, who perished in his pride," written in a loving strain of appreciation and pity for this unhappy genius lost to the world too soon. His Caliban, the Missing Link, is a Shakesperian study, combined with a fanciful disquisition on evolution; and Spring Wild Flowers is a sheaf of graceful verse, written in the occasional leisure of his early years. Sir Daniel is responsible for many of the articles in the Encyclopædia Britannica which deal with Canadian and Scottish themes, and perhaps some of the most valuable work of his life is scattered throughout the "proceedings" of the different learned societies of which he is an active member.

There is a new school of poetry being formed in Canada, which I believe is destined to have many followers in all parts of the world, and work a revolution in ideals and methods. The chief exponents of the new creed are Archibald Lampman, William Wilfred Campbell, Duncan Campbell Scott, and William P. McKenzie, and they are beginning already to attract the attention of the world through the medium of the great American magazines. Their methods are wholly dissimilar from those generally accepted in either England or the United States. The popular poets of both the Old and New Worlds to-day occupy themselves almost exclusively with the study of individual phases of society, and of their own psychological experiences. The younger American verse-writers have forsaken Longfellow and Whittier for Andrew Lang, Frederick Locker, Gautier, and Austin Dobson. The Canadians, on the contrary, at least those who are now coming to the front, have returned to nature for their inspiration. They have discovered that her eternal story is well worth

the telling, in spite of the popular preference for ballads of blue china and insipid rondeaux. There is a new note in all their work, although they usually treat of common themes. The novelty consists, strange to say, in a minute fidelity to nature, and a loving appreciation of the multitude of God's daily blessings. These Canadians religiously avoid the epic and narrative form of verse, and have discarded the personal introspection, characteristic of so much of modern English and American verse. They are the apostles of scientific poetry. Let not the reader imagine from this apparent contradiction of terms that they employ hard scientific words, or endeavor to combine poetry and popular expositions of evolution. On the contrary, their work is