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SEC. 48. The General Assembly shall have no power to enact laws to diminish the resources of the Sinking Fund as now established by law until the debt of the Commonwealth be paid, but may enact laws to increase them; and the whole resources of said fund, from year to year, shall be sacredly set apart and applied to the payment of the interest and principal of the State debt, and to no other use or purpose, until the whole debt of the State is fully satisЛed.

SEC. 49. The General Assembly may contract debts to meet casual deficits or failures in the revenue; but such debts, direct or contingent, singly or in the aggregate, shall not at any time exceed five hundred thousand dollars, and the moneys arising from loans creating such debts shall be applied only to the purpose or purposes for which they were obtained, or to repay such debts: Provided, The General Assembly may contract debts to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, or, if hostilities are threatened, provide for the public defensc.1

SEC. 50. No act of the General Assembly shall authorize any debt to be contracted on behalf of the Commonwealth except for the purposes mentioned in section forty-nine, unless provisions be made therein to levy and collect an annual tax sufficient to pay the interest stipulated, and to discharge the debt within thirty years; nor shall such act take effect until it shall have been submitted to the people at a general election, and shall have received a majority of all the votes cast for and against it: Provided, The General Assembly may contract debts by borrowing money to pay any part of the debt of the State, without submission to the people, and without making provision in the act authorizing the same for a tax to discharge the debt so contracted, or the interest thereon.2

(1) Sec. 49. E. Asylum v. Bradley, 19 R., 750 (2) Sec. 50. Idem.

SEC. 51. No law enacted by the Generally Assembly shall reiate to more than one subject, and that shall be expressed in the title, and no law shall be revised, amended, or the provisions thereof extended or conferred by reference to its title only, but so much thereof as is revised, amended, extended or conferred, shall be re-enacted and published at length.3

SEC. 52. The General Assembly shall have no power to release, extinguish, or authorize the releasing or extinguishing, in whole or in part, the indebtedness or liability of any corporation or individual to this Commonwealth, or to any county or municipality thereof.

SEC. 53. The General Assembly shall provide by law for monthly investigations into the accounts of the Treasurer and Auditor of Public Accounts, and the result of these investigations shall be reported to the Governor, and these reports shall be semi-annually published in two newspapers of general circulation in the State. The reports received by the Governor shall, at the beginning of each session, be transmitted by him to the General Assembly for scrutiny and appropriate action,

SEC. 54. The General Assembly shall have no power to limit the amount to be recovered for injuries resulting in death, or for injuries to person or property.

SEC. 55. No act, except general appropriation bills, shall become a law until ninety days after the adjournment of the session at which it was passed, except in cases of emergency, when, by the concurrence of a majority of the members elected to each House of the General Assembly, by a yea or nay vote entered upon their journals an act may become a law when approved by the Governor; but the

(3) Sec. 51. Com. v. Godshaw, 92 Ky., 435; Walters v. Richardson. 93 Ky.. 374; Conley v. Con.. 98 Ky., 125; White v. Com., 20. R., 1942; Purnell v. Mann, 20 R., 1146.

reasons for the emergency that justifies this action must be set out at length in the journal of each House.1

SEC. 56. No bill shall become a law until the same shall have been signed by the presiding officer of each of the two Houses in open session; and before such officer shall have affixed his signature to any bill, he shall suspend all other business, declare that such bill will now be read, and that he will sign the same to the end that it may become a law. The bill shall then be read at length and compared; and, if correctly enrolled, he shall, in presence of the House in open session, and before any other business is entertained, affix his signature, which fact shall be noted in the journal, and the bill immediately sent to the other House. When it reaches the other House, the presiding officer thereof shall immediately suspend all other business, announce the reception of the bill, and the same proceeding shall thereupon be observed in every respect as in the House in which it was first signed. And thereupon the Clerk of the latter House shall immediately present the same to the Governor for his signature and approval.

SEC. 57. A member who has a personal or private interest in any measure or bill proposed or pending before the General Assembly, shall disclose the fact to the House of which he is a member, and shall not vote thereon upon pain of expulsion.

SEC. 58. The General Assembly shall neither audit nor allow any private claim against the Commonwealth, except for expenses incurred during the session at which the same was allowed; but may appropriate money to pay such claim as shall have been audited and allowed according to law.

(1) Sec. 55. No emergency clause was necessary in the case of an act regulating an election, the time for which was fixed by this Constitution. (Hall v. Commonwealth, 15 Ky. Law Rep., 103); Com. v. Hardin Co., 99 Ky., 188.

Sec. 56. The signatures of the presiding officers and of the Governor not conclusive as to the proper passage of a bill. (Norman, Auditor, v. Ky. Board of Managers, 14 Ky. Law Rep., 529.)

LOCAL AND SPECIAL LEGISLATION.

SEC. 59. The General Assembly shall not pass local or special acts concerning any of the following subjects, or for any of the following purposes, namely:1

First: To regulate the jurisdiction, or the practice, or the circuits of courts of justice, or the rights, powers, duties or compensation of the officers thereof; but the practice in circuit courts in continuous session may, by a general law, be made different from the practice of circuit courts held in terms.

Second: To regulate the summoning, impaneling or compensation of grand or petit jurors.

Third: To provide for changes of venue in civil or criminal causes.

Fourth: To regulate the punishment of crimes and misdemeanors, or to remit fines, penalties or forfeitures. Fifth: To regulate the limitation of civil or criminal

causes.

Sixth: To affect the estate of cestuis que trust, decedents, infants or other persons under disabilities, or to authorize any such persons to sell, lease, encumber, or dispose of their property.

Seventh: To declare any person of age, or to relieve an in

(1) Pierce v. Mason Co., 99 Ky., 357; McTigue v. Com., 99 Ky., 66; Piper v. Gunther, 95 Ky., 115; Winston v. Stone, 19 R., 1483; Com. v. Taylor, 19 R.. 552; Simpson v. Ky. Citizens' B. & L. Asso., 19 R., 1178.

Sec. 59. Local prohibitory liquor law not repealed by this section. (Brown v. Hart, &c., 17 Ky. Law Rep., 462.) (2) Did not repeal existing special legislation providing remedies for collection of taxes. (Long and Wife v. City of Louisville, 17 Ky. Law Rep., 253: Louisville Trust Co. v. City of Louisville, Idem, 265.) (3) L cal act authorizing county to purchase turnpikes not repealed by this Constitution. (O'Mahoney v. Bullock, &c., 17 Ky. Law Rep., 523.) Schedule. (1) Special legislation providing remedies for colle tion of taxes left in force. (Long and Wife v. City of Louisville, 17 Ky. Law Rep., 253; Louisville Trust Co. v. City of Louisville, 17 Ky. Law Rep., 265.) (2) Local act authorizing county to purchase turnpikes not repealed by this Constitution. O'Mahoney v. Bullock, &c., 17 Ky. Law Rep., 523.)

fant or feme covert or disability or to enable him to do acts allowed only to adults not under disabilities.

Eighth: To change the law of descent, distribution or succession.

Ninth: To authorize the adoption or legitimation of children.

Tenth: To grant divorces.

Eleventh: To change the name of persons.

Twelfth: To give effect to invalid deeds, wills or other instruments.

Thirteenth: To legalize, except as against the Commonwealth, the unauthorized or invalid act of any officer or public agent of the Commonwealth, or of any city, county, or municipality thereof.

Fourteenth: To refund money legally paid into the State Treasury.

Fifteenth: To authorize or to regulate the levy, the assessment or the collection of taxes, or to give any indulgence or discharge to any assessor or collector of taxes, or to his sureties.

Sixteenth: To authorize the opening, altering, maintaining or vacating roads, highways, streets, alleys, town plats, cemeteries, graveyards, or public grounds not owned by the Commonwealth.

Seventeenth: To grant a charter to any corporation, or to amend the charter of any existing corporation; to license companies or persons to own or operate ferries, bridges, roads or turnpikes to declare streams navigable, or to authorize the construction of booms or dams therein, or to remove obstructions therefrom; to affect toll-gates, or to regulate tolls; to regulate fencing or the running at large of stock.

Eighteenth: To create, increase, or decrease fees, percentages or allowances to public officers, or to extend the time

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