ENGLISH LITERATURE. Instruction in this department is given by means of text-books and lectures. Rhetoric-Style. History of English Literature. Rhetoric-Arguments, Conviction, Persuasion, Fallacies in Reasoning. Select portions of English Classics receive critical examination in a course of reading prescribed for each class. The classes have regular and systematic instruction in the art of the selection, arrangement and expression of the matter related to the assigned or chosen topics for composition.

PREPARATORY.-The Preparatory course is designed, by a review of the ordinary branches of a common school education, to prepare the student to enter upon the regular College course of study. It serves also to qualify him to teach during the winter months.

COURSE OF STUDY.

PREPARATORY CLASS.

First Half Year.-Arithmetic, Robinson's Higher; Descriptive Geography, Mitchell's School; English Grammar, Green's.

Second Half Year.-Algebra, Robinson's Elementary; Natural Philosophy, Olmsted's School; Composition, Quackenbos'.

College Course.-FRESHMAN CLASS.

First Half Year.-Algebra, Robinson's; History, Webber's; Geometry, Robinson's; Book-keeping, Bryant & Stratton's.

Second Half Year.--Trigonometry, Robinson's; Surveying, Davies'; Practical Agriculture; Geology, Dana's.

SOPHOMORE CLASS.

First Half Year-English Literature, Chambers', Spaulding's; Botany, Gray's; Elementary Chemistry, Youmans'.

Second Half Year-Entomology, Harris'; Analytical Chemistry, Fresenius; Botany, Gray's, Darlington's, Lindley's; Horticulture.

JUNIOR CLASS.

First Half Year.-Physics, Snell's Olmsted; Agricultural Chemistry, Johnstone's; Inductive Logic, Herschel's.

Second Half Year.-Physics; Rhetoric, Whateley's, Day's Praxis; Animal Physiology, Dalton's.

SENIOR CLASS.

First Half Year.-Zoölogy, Carpenter's; Practical Agriculture; Mental Philosophy, Wayland's; Astronomy, Snell's Olmsted; Landscape Gardening, Downing's, Kemp's.

Second Half Year.-Civil Engineering, Mahon's; Moral Philosophy, Haven's ; Political Economy, Carey's, Walker's; French, Fasquelle's.

Declamations and Compositions throughout the entire course.

MANUAL LABOR.

Each student not exempt for physical disability, is required to labor three hours a day on the farm or in the gardens. The number of hours may be increased to four or diminished to two and a half. Some compensation (see means of defraying expenses) is allowed; but the labor is regarded as an essential part of the educational system of the College, and is performed with special reference to illustrating and applying the instruction of the lecture-room. Students are not employed in those kinds of work only in which they may be most proficient, but, as the work is classified, each is made acquainted with all the operations of farming and gardening. The Sophomore Class work the

entire year under the direction of the Professor of Horticulture. The Juniors spend the year under the direction of the Professor of Practical Agriculture The other classes alternate between the farm and gardens.

MEANS OF ILLUSTRATION.

1. A farm of 676 acres, of which about 300 are under cultivation. 2. Botanical gardens of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. 3. Vegetable gardens, small fruit garden, apple orchard, pear orchard, general lawn and grounds. 4. Galloway, Ayrshire, Devon and Short Horn Cattle; Essex, Suffolk and Chester White Swine; Southdown, Cotswold, Spanish Merino and Black-faced Highland Sheep. 5. A Chemical Laboratory and Apparatus. 6. Philosophical and Mathematical Apparatus. 7. A Museum of Animals and Minerals. 8. The Cooley Herbarium--a very valuable collection of plants. 9. Museum of Vegetable Products. 10. Library and Reading Room. 11. Buildings, Workshops, Tools, etc.

DEGREES.

The Degree of Bachelor of Science is conferred upon students who complete the full College Course, and sustain all the half yearly examinations in the same. The Degree of Master of Science is conferred upon graduates of three years' standing, who give evidence of having been engaged during that period in scientific studies.

EXPENSES.

Tuition is free to all students from this State. Students from other States are charged $20 a year for tuition.

Board and washing are furnished at College Boarding Hall, (where students are required to board, unless permission to board elsewhere is granted by the Faculty,) at cost. The cost of board the past season has been $2.60; washing, 42 cents per dozen. Room-rent for each student is $4 a year, paid quarterly, in advance. Rooms are furnished with bedsteads and stoves; students furnish everything else. Mattresses and pillows may be rented of the College. The cost of furniture for rooms will vary with the taste of the students occupying them. Rooms can be comfortably furnished at a cost not exceeding four or five dollars for each student. A matriculation fee of $5, entitles the student to the privileges of the whole course. This fee is appropriated to the increase of the Library. At the opening of the year each student is required to pay to the Secretary $10, as an advance on board, which is allowed in the settlement of accounts at the end of the year.

Students receive remuneration for the labor they perform, the amount paid depending on their ability and fidelity. The highest wages for the present year have been seven and one-half cents per hour. The lowest rates do not exceed two or three cents per hour, if the student fails to render more valuable service. The wages for labor are applied on their board, in the quarterly settlements.

The winter vacation affords the student an opportunity for teaching. These earnings, added to the wages received during the term, will, if he is industrious and economical, enable him to defray a large part of his College expenses.

The report of the President, T. C. Abbot, for the year 1866, (30 pp., 8vo.) presents a full summary of the operations of the institution, with an able discussion of the various features which have here been successfully developed.

MARYLAND AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY. Hyattsville P. O.

I. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT.

THE MARYLAND AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE is the result of a public sentiment in the State in favor of such an institution which began to be exhibited more than twenty years ago. In 1845 the Board of Visitors and Governors of the Frederick County Academy established a Department of Agricultural Chemistry, and appointed Professor William Baer to fill it. In 1847, George D. Coad, Esq., chairman of the Committee of Agriculture in the House of Delegates of Maryland, in an able report recommending the appointment of an Agricultural Chemist for the State, expressed the hope that there would soon be "courses of agricultural education in the public academies and schools, or schools for that special purpose established."

In 1848, at the first anniversary meeting of the Maryland State Agricultural Society, the orator of the occasion, Col. Wilson M. Cary, urged "the necessity of professional education for the future farmers of the State," and "the introduction of those sciences immediately connected with their pursuit, into our colleges and seminaries of learning."

In 1850, Dr. White, of Montgomery county, introduced into the House of Delegates a proposition to enquire into the expediency of requiring the academies of the State which receive aid from the public treasury, to provide for instruc tion in Geology and Agricultural Chemistry. About the same time, Hon. Wm. Williams, President of the Senate of Maryland, offered to the State Agricultural Society one hundred and fifty acres of land in Somerset county, for the purpose of establishing an Agricultural College.

In 1854, Ramsey McHenry, as chairman of a committee of the State Agricultural Society, prepared an address "to the citizens of Maryland and contiguous States," urging the establishment "in connection with an experimental farm, of an educational institution to be entitled "The Agricultural College of Maryland." In the same year James T. Earle, in behalf of the State Society, addressed a memorial to the Congress of the United States, which was endorsed by the Committee on Agriculture of the U. S. Senate, and embodied in an able report of Mr. Morton, the chairman. Mr. Earle's associates on the committee were Oden Bowie, Governor of the State in 1868, Col. George W. Hughes, Clement Hill, and Francis P. Blair, aided by Hon. Charles B. Calvert, member of Congress. The specific recommendation of the memorial was the purchase of Mt. Vernon and establishing there, under the auspices of the Government, a National Agricultural and Educational Institution.

The prevailing sentiment indicated by these and many other expressions of interest in behalf of agricultural education, led to the belief that a large sum might be realized from individual subscriptions towards founding an Agricultural College, and application for a charter was made to the State Legislature of

1856, which was granted, and James T. Earle, John O. Wharton, Nicholas B. Worthington, Charles B. Calvert, George W. Hughes, Walter W. W. Bowie, Ramsay McHenry, J. Carroll Walsh, and Allen B. Davis, were appointed commissioners by whom subscriptions were to be obtained to the stock of the College. The conditions of the charter required that a sum not less than fifty thousand dollars be subscribed to the stock within two years from July 1st, 1856, and a Board of Trustees elected, land obtained and buildings erected, and these conditions being complied with, the sum of $6,000 was to be paid annually by the State towards the expenses of the institution.

Within the prescribed time the sum of fifty-three thousand dollars was subscribed, a Trustee was elected from each county, and one from the city of Baltimore, to whom were added the same year, one Trustee from the District of Columbia, one from the Eastern shore of Maryland, and one from the Western shore: a farm of 425 acres was purchased, (since reduced by sale to 283 acres,) in Prince George County, and during the following year the main College building was erected, at a cost of about $46,000, and a total investment for land and buildings of about $100,000.

The College was open for students in October, 1859, and its catalogue for the first collegiate year numbered sixty-five, one-third of whom were from other States. At the commencement of the war, in 1861, the number was reduced to seventeen, and great embarrassment and difficulty resulted from this falling off, and from a burden of debt which had accumulated in the erection and furnishing of the College building, and the equipment of the farm.

The year following the number of students increased again, and in 1864 equaled that of the first year. Financial difficulties, however, continued to embarrass the affairs of the institution, and were further increased by the burning of a fine barn, with all its contents, and by the destruction of a large quantity of fencing and proven der during the war. Finally, the necessity of closing at an early period seemed so obvious, that students were withdrawn in anticipation of it, and precipitated that misfortune, which was realized in April, 1866. In this condition of affairs the Legislature came to its aid, and made the State joint owner of the property by paying its whole indebtedness, which amounted to $45,000, and assigning to its use the proceeds of the United States land-scrip to which Maryland became entitled by accepting the conditions of the act of 1862. The two hundred and ten thousand acres, to which this grant to the State amounted, was sold by the Comptroller, with the sanction of the Treasurer and the Governor, at the average price of 53 cents per acre, and yielded $112,504. Ten per cent. of this amount, i. e. $11,250, was "reserved to be paid into the treasury of the State, to reimburse the said State in part for the amount appropriated by this act to the said Maryland Agricultural College "that is, the $45,000, by paying which to the creditors of the College the Statebecame owner of one-half of the College real estate. This deduction left $101, 253, of which $100,000 has been invested in Maryland State Stock, yielding six per cent., and the balance will be probably similarly bestowed. The income will therefore be $6,075, payable semi-annually, beginning with Jan. 1, 1868.

II. PRESENT ORGANIZATION AND CONDITION.

When the State became joint owner of the property by discharging the indebtedness of the institution, the Board of Visitors was reorganized by giving

to the stockholders seven, and to the State four members, viz: the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Speaker of the House, and the Superintendent of Public Instruction. Of this Board, JAMES T. EARLE is President.

FARM AND BUILDING.

The large farm and grounds are located on both sides of the turnpike leading from Baltimore and Washington, three-quarters of a mile from College station on the Baltimore and Washington Railroad, and nine miles from Washington. P. O. address, Hyattsville, Prince George County.

The building is not yet completed on the original plan, but the present structure has six spacious lecture rooms, fifty-one chambers, a chapel, laboratory, and large accommodations for the domestic uses of the residents. There is besides, a residence for a Professor, with twenty-seven rooms for students.

INSTRUCTORS.

The President is CHARLES L. C. MINER, M. A., with the following Professors: NICHOLAS B. WORTHINGTON, A. M., Moral and Mental Philosophy, English Language and Literature, Rhetoric and Logic.

JAMES HIGGINS, A. M., M. D., Agriculture and Natural Sciences.

BATTISTA LORINO, LL. D., Ancient and Modern Languages.
PHIL MOORE LEAKIN, A. M., Mathematics.

DANIEL BARKER, Practical Agriculture, Horticulture and Pomology.

COURSE OF INSTRUCTION.

In accordance with the more especial wants, at present, of the State of Maryland, the Scientific course is adapted more particularly to agriculture than to the mechanic arts, although the studies in the Elements of Chemistry, Analytical and Technical Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Physical Geography, Mineralogy and Geology, belong alike to both. The daily lessons in the field, above-described, field lectures from the Professor, lessons in keeping farm notes and farm accounts, instruction in Agricultural Chemistry and Botany, Vegetable Anatomy and Physiology, in Entomology, and especially in the analysis of soils and manures, constitute the separate studies for farmers.

The Literary course is conformed mainly to the common College curriculum, but less time is given to the ancient languages, and more to the study of English and other modern languages, of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy.

MANUAL LABOR.

Manual labor has been a feature in the College discipline from its organization, and it is claimed that it has worked well. During the current session (of '67-8) it has not been required, but the students of agriculture have spent a part of each day in regular garden and field work, under the charge of the Superintendent of the farm, hearing his questions, comments and explanations, and having their attention called to the details of every agricultural process.

MILITARY TACTICS.

No military instruction has yet been given. Circumstances being temporarily unfavorable for it the Board of Trustees postponed providing for it until the College should be in the actual enjoyment of the revenue from the U. S. grant, when the requirement will be faithfully met.

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