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order, therefore there is no law! It is not thus that he conceives either of the grandeur of Nature or of the duty of man as her interpreter. Lastly, Knowing the innate dignity of our species, he has not scrupled to speak of it in its connexions with the creatures below it; because these connexions cannot debase: they are portions of the inevitable conditions of our being. In the midst of this compact universe there is, and can be, no isolation; every creature is part of the system, and has its roots in what is below itself: but let the maxim be engraven on the mind of every naturalist, that while the roots of its existence are below, its destiny is shaped by the higher principle, the loftier vitality of which it has been framed as the recipient. "Laws," says Humboldt, "of another kind come into play in the higher circles of life in the organic world: in those especially that are occupied by the races of mankind variously conformed, endowed with creative mental energies, and gifted with the faculty of inventing language. A physical delineation of Nature indicates the boundary where the

sphere of intelligence begins, and the far-piercing glance is lost in another world!”

One other word concerning the PHYSICAL ATLAS. What we think of it has been already pretty strongly indicated,-partly by our associating it with a work like Cosmos, and partly by the suggestions we have ventured for its improvement. It is due to the English editor to state that, although assuming Berghaus as his original, these maps are larger, much more beautifully engraved, and better in many respects than their German prototypes. If it is received as it ought to be in this country, it will be a great aid to the student of natural science, and also much improve the style of teaching on these subjects in our larger schools. It ought to be in every public library; and we are sure that no good teacher would desire a better work to lecture from. The chief delineations, too, could be readily transferred, by the teacher himself, to the large wall-maps now in common use in our principal seminaries.

LITERARY REGISTER.

A Treatise on Painted Glass ; showing its Applicability | of matter, which address themselves to the eye in the to every Style of Architecture. By James Ballantine. harmonious proportions of the organized forms of the London: Chapman & Hall. Edinburgh John

Menzies.

:

THERE seems to be, at the present moment, a combination amongst well-regulated minds, to put down that servile and indiscriminate imitation of the works of the artists of the middle ages, which has so long disgraced our practice in the arts of design. There are still, however, many professors of the arts of architecture, ornamental design, and glass-painting, who, having no other merit than an acquaintance with these works, continue to imitate them, apparently under an impression that precedent is at all times a sufficient apology for per

versions of taste. Such resuscitators of obsolete

fashions and gross absurdities, will, however, soon find, that no other knowledge will serve them than a knowledge of the first principles of beauty, and that the gleaning of ransacked libraries will but indifferently supply the want of a creative genius. There can be no greater folly than to look,'in the darkness of the middle ages, for guides to that perfection which ought to be the aim of all art. Inquiry is now directed towards an investigation of the principles which constitute the beauty of works of a more remote, but more enlightened, period in the history of the arts, the period of Grecian refinement, when there were no precedents acknowledged as standards in matters of taste. We begin now to find that the Grecians, in their progress towards that excellence which is still the admiration of the civilized world, had no other guides than those first principles of beauty which so subtilly operate in the most minute productions of nature, and upon which are based those laws of harmony that regulate the quantities, affinities, and motions of the heavenly bodies. To these first principles may be traced every pleasurable feeling of which the human mind is susceptible, whether they reach it through the sense of hearing, in those harmonious combinations of number, in the pulses of the atmosphere with which we are surrounded, or in those more palpable combinations

animal and vegetable kingdoms. We firmly believe in the assertion of an able writer in The British and

Foreign Medical Review, that "modern science will soon find that the mysticism of Pythagoras was mystical only to the unlettered, and that it was a system of philosophy founded on the then existing mathematics, which seem to have comprised more of the harmony of numbers than our present."

Entertaining a similar conviction, we are strongly impressed with the utility of such works as that before us, in which first principles are urgently insisted upon. the ornamental arts; and entertain the hope, that they We consider such works as harbingers of a new era in will in time produce such an effect on the practice of these arts in Britain, as to supersede the humiliating expedient of sending the teachers of our schools of design to foreign countries for specimens of their orna

mental works, to place before the British student. But we must allow our author to speak for himself as to the object of his work.

Hitherto the national energies have been chiefly achievement, while the culture of the Ornamental Arts devoted to commercial enterprise, and to martial has been almost entirely neglected. These arts are, therefore, still but in their infancy. Their professors, instead of inventing, have been content to copy, and to imitate. Now, however, that so large a portion of the national intellect is directed to artistic pursuits, a and this appears to be the proper time to develop those manifestation of inventive power may shortly be expected; first or elementary principles, the knowledge of which alone can enable us to ascertain the value of all artistic invention.

Mr. Ballantine next adverts to the present absurd mode of proceeding in glass-painting.

As if in penance for former transgressions, the national taste has prostrated itself before the spirit of Antiquity, and is now offering it a homage at once abject and indiscriminating. This folly has been most injurious to several of the Decorative Arts, and to Glass-Painting in particular, in which the good, bad, and indifferent,

have been all copied, and repeated with equal fidelity | and zeal. Several Glass Painters have acquired an

extensive and profitable reputation, simply by pandering to this vitiated taste, and by anticipating the effects of time in their imitations of Antique Glass. The consequence is, that, even in new churches, we find painted glass windows deformed with numerous black spots, in order to produce the required antique appearance; a deception somewhat akin to that practised by needy artists, and swindling picture-dealers, when they manufacture and sell smoke-dried imitations of Teniers and Rembrandt as genuine originals. Defective drawing, meagre design, and unskilful composition, have been laboriously copied, while, in order to stamp the work with the features of genuine antiquity, and to imitate the awkward workmanship of the old specimens, the pieces of glass have been purposely fractured, then clumsily soldered together.

Glass manufacturers, too, taking advantage of the prevalence of this ridiculous taste, have of late years realized large profits by imitating the sandy texture and wavy uneven surface of the old windows. In several recent instances, laboriously executed designs, replete with appropriate meaning, and carefully adapted in form and character to the architectural style of the edifice for which they were intended, have been set aside for servile transcripts from old windows, of those stereotyped figures, the repetition of which saves the trouble of invention. In the department of painted glass, art has been decidedly retrograding; and should the public suddenly awaken to a sense of its folly, in admiring and encouraging the deformities thus perpetuated, there is a danger that the art may be left without support, when it may both require and deserve

it.

He then states the object of his Treatise to be

To prevent, if possible, such a calamity-to show that Glass-Painting is a medium for expression worthy of the energies of genius-to demonstrate its applicability to every style of architecture-to clear the way, in short, for the improvement of an art remarkable for the elegance and beauty of its expression, are the purposes of this little Treatise; and if it shall have the effect, to however small an extent, of accomplishing any one of these purposes, the writer's end will have been attained.

At page seventh our author throws out an excellent hint regarding the introduction of painted glass into ordinary apartments, by making an inner window on the same plane with the wall. This, we have no doubt, would add much to the comfort as well as to the elegance of some rooms, especially where the view from the window was in any way objectionable, and where the building stood in an exposed situation.

Mr. Ballantine is of opinion that painting on glass should not be confined to mere beauty of form and colour in the abstract, but that its chief aim should be high art. On this point he says, "If the greatest triumphs of art be felicitous imitations of nature, and if it be its chief aim to achieve such imitations- -as who can doubt it is?-why should we not have the walls and windows of our apartments decorated with these, the most interesting of all the productions of genius ?" and adds, that the establishment of this important proposition, is one of the main purposes of his Treatise.

Now, we demur to the soundness of these views, and think that their adoption would greatly limit the use of painted glass, both in the expensive nature of such works, and the difficulty of getting them properly executed. What is genius? How much of the real commodity have we in this or in any other country? How many of the pictures of our modern artists speak to the sympathies and feelings, in the true sense of the words? Doubtless, many of them excite our sympathy for the

misled youths who produce them; while others excite our risibility, by caricaturing the beauties of nature which they attempt to imitate.

We

In making these remarks, we intend reference to the efforts of genius which the councils of our Royal Academies place yearly before the public eye. Judging by these, we should say that genius was a rare plant, more difficult to meet with than a four-leaved clover. have, at all times, certainly, a superabundant supply of mediocrity; but who can tolerate mediocrity in either art, science, or literature, more especially when it seeks to grapple with subjects beyond its power? More endurable far, we should say, are the pure conventionalities of the kings, queens, and knaves of a pack of cards, than many of those attempts at historical painting that disfigure the walls of our exhibition-rooms. Seeing, then, that true genius is so scarce a commodity, would it not be wisdom, in the case of painted glass, and other decorative ornaments, to confine our attempts to those geometric forms and harmonious combinations of colour which produce a pleasing and agreeable effect, and of which there are many examples in this Treatise, rather than run the risk of failure by aiming at high art?

Mr. Ballantine gives an excellent and concise history of the art which he professes, commencing with the painted glass of Norman architecture, and ending with that of the Elizabethan era, beautifully illustrated by examples. This is a very interesting portion of the work, and must prove as much so to the general reader as to those engaged in the decorative arts. Taking the book as a whole, we do not think that any thing equal to it has been produced upon the subject of glass-painting; and although our author says, that "Man is not a creator, but a mere adapter," we have little doubt but he may yet find that he has created a new era in the art of glass-painting. He has also falsified his assertion by those very beautiful creations of his genius, exemplifying the adaptation of the elliptic curve to geometric patterns in glass-painting.

Mr. Ballantine's Treatise is of a popular character; and the correct and elegant manner in which it is expressed, will, we have no doubt, afford pleasure to readers of all classes. It is a perfect epitome of the interesting art of which it treats, and we heartily wish it the success it deserves.

Memoir of the Naval Life and Services of Admiral Sir Philip Durham, G.C.B. By his Nephew, Captain A. Murray, author of, "Doings in China." Octavo. John Murray.

This brief memoir of a worthy man and gallant naval commander, will have great interest for relatives, friends, and veterans, whether of the sea or land service. And it is not without interest for wider circles. Admiral Durham-who has a Fife pedigree that might hold up its head in Wales, Spain, or any part of the old Germanic empire went to sea about seventy years since. He served under Kempenfelt as lieutenant and aid-de-camp in the Royal George; and, when nearly nine hundred persons perished, was one of the few saved from the suddenly sinking vessel. When relics of the wreck were obtained, in 1841, Sir Philip Durham identified some of his own property that had been below water for nearly sixty years. He served for a long while in the West India station. Some time after peace was made with France and America, the young officer visited his parents then at Bath.

In the morning he walked into the pump room, and soon recognised his father.

He went up to him and said, "I suppose you are from the north, sir ?" He answered that he was. They then got into a general sort of conversation. At last his father said, "I must wish you good morning, sir; I am going home to breakfast."

Mr. Durham said, "Won't you take me with you?" His father looked hard at him, and exclaimed, “Good God, you are my son Philip! When you left home you were a white-headed laddie: how you are changed. Come, your mother will be delighted to see you." About this time Mr. Durham went to France to acquire the language; and at Paris got into "good

society."

At the house of two Lady Stuarts, of Traquair, in Paris, he met with a young man of the name of Macdonald, who they told him was the son of a Highland laird, though he could not speak a word of his native language. His father having been obliged to leave Scotland for the share he took in the rebellion of 1745, emigrated to France with a number of his countrymen. The young man had come to Paris to try and get into the army, and the Ladies Stuart had succeeded in getting him into a Dutch regiment in the French service. This youth afterwards became Marshal Macdonald.

In the course of a very long professional life, the Admiral came across many of the most celebrated characters of his time. He was engaged in the ill-advised and unfortunate expedition to Quiberon, when a few of emigrant French nobility and the priests fancied they had only to show themselves to overthrow the young Republic. At this time, Captain Murray relates :The Comte d'Artois, (afterwards Charles X.) the Duc de Bourbon, and several other French noblemen, were on board one of the newly arrived frigates. A fleet of transports had also joined, with about 4000 British troops, under Major-General Doyle, with a great quantity of stores, clothing, &c.

Captain Durham having known the Comte d'Artois in London, went on board to pay his respects; the latter said he was "Mal à son aise," that the captain of the ship he was in was not a man who had been bred at court, that he had that morning knocked his cook's eye out; in short, that he wished to get removed.

Captain Durham conveyed His Royal Highness's wishes to the commodore, who removed him to a line-ofbattle ship. Captain Durham cruised off Quiberon Bay and the Ile Dieu, till the 23d of November, frequently anchoring at the different stations. While at anchor off Ile Dieu, a boat came off, bringing him a note from Monsieur Dupuis Ségur, aide-de-camp to his Royal Highness, in which he said, "The prince is lodged in a small cottage, waiting events, very badly off, à sa dernière tasse de café, et point de sûcre."

Captain Durham collected what stores he could spare, and sent them, with his respects, to the Comte d'Artois, and soon after waited upon him. His situation was truly melancholy; he found him in a small cottage with a stone floor. The Comte d'Artois seemed very resigned. He said he could bear his situation cheerfully; but that the Due de Bourbon was equally badly off, and was most anxious to get back to England, and requested he might be received into the Anson, or passed to some other ship. Captain Durham replied that he was only captain of a frigate, and had no power over any other ship; but that he would do his best, and would be very happy to receive the Duc de Bourbon on board the Anson, though he had but a very small cabin and little accommodation. His Royal Highness took Captain Durham at his word, and next morning the duke came on board, with a suite of twelve persons, consisting of the Marquis de Vibray, his master of the horse, and a number of aide-de-camps, to Captain Durham's surprise and dismay. He, however, made the best of the matter, and was fortunate enough to fall in with the Robust, seventy-four, Captain Thornborough, who received them all on board and took them to England.

After the troops were withdrawn from Quiberon Bay, Captain Durham remained off the coast, delivering arms and ammunition to the Chouans; one night he landed enough for about 5000 men, and £30,000 in dollars, for which he received a receipt signed "Jaques des Chemins," which signature he was authorized to take it was probably that of one of the great royalist leaders, Georges, Tantignac, La Rochejaquelein, or Bois Berthelot, who were about the coast.

Captain Durham was also employed bringing off despatches that arrived from Paris. The Post-office was under a stone in a wood, where all letters were left and called for in the night. Many of those who conveyed and Captain Durham had the good fortune to save a despatches to and from Paris, had hair-breadth escapes, number of them at different times, by receiving them on board, when they were driven to the coast by the republicans. He also warned the unfortunate Captain Wright of his danger of being cut off by the enemy, who were watching him. Unfortunately he paid no attention to the advice, and, as is well known, was cut off in a calm, and taken in a bay on the French coast.

After his capture, when confined in the "Temple," with Sir Sydney Smith, he wrote a note of thanks to Captain Durham, and placed it under the door of his prison, trusting to chance for its conveyance, and, strange to say, it found its way to its destination.

Captain Wright was soon afterwards put to death, or died in prison. He was more hated by the republicans than any other Englishman, having distinguished himself

at the memorable affair of Acre.

One of those who repeatedly conveyed despatches to the capital, was the Comte de la Rivière. He had several narrow escapes of being taken. On one occasion, he was recognised by a lady in the Palais Royal, in She whispered in his ear, spite of a disguise he wore. "La Rivière, leave Paris; you are discovered." He did not take the hint, and was arrested next day, and taken before a military tribunal.

Captain Durham himself had a lucky escape, but reached the coast. When visiting Paris, after the restoration of the Bourbons, he found the Comte d'Artois not unmindful of former kindness. When he next visited Paris, the Comte d'Artois was Charles X.

The king on going round observed him, and immediately took him by both hands, and said," I am delighted to see a British admiral here; but particularly one who was so kind to me dans ma misere."

Charles X. never forgot the admiral's attention to him in his misfortunes; and when he was staying at Holyrood, honoured him with a visit at Fordel, and partook of some shooting.

During his stay at Paris, Sir Philip dined with the Duke of Orleans at Neuilly, in company with Canning. The Duke took him aside after dinner, and said, "This is a strange meeting. You remember what passed at Gibraltar;" he alluded to Canning's secret order to Captain Raggett.

Sir Philip mentioned this to Canning, who threw himself into a theatrical position, and exclaimed, "Yes, it is strange; but at that time Spain had a legitimate king, though a prisoner."

Many years later, after the events of 1830, he was dining with Louis Philippe, at the Tuileries, with a party of about fifty. His majesty placed Lady Durham next the queen, and desired him to sit next the Duchesse de Broglie, who was upon the king's right hand. After dinner, the king said," Admiral, I have a question to ask you. You often told me we should meet at the Tuileries: we have now met; what was your reason for saying so?" Sir Philip was rather taken aback, but rose, and said," I have had the honour of meeting your majesty in various countries; and from your majesty's many noble qualities, added to the known pluck of the Bourbons, I formed my opinion that your majesty was the fittest man to govern France." Upon which the king bowed his head to the table, and desired him to drink a bumper of Bordeaux.

His majesty showed the most marked civility to Sir

Philip and Lady Durham. One day they received a letter containing two notes, one in a yellow, and the other in a blue silk envelope, inviting them to attend the opening of the Chamber. On arriving at the Palais Bourbon, they found two large chairs prepared for them, next the throne, ornamented with silk, the same colour as the envelopes of the notes.

The Duc de Cazes was also very attentive to the admiral, in Paris, and asked him to dinner to meet all

the marshals. One of these was Marshal Macdonald. Sir Philip asked him if he remembered meeting two young Englishmen, many years ago, at Lady Lucy Stuart's. He replied that he had met a number of Englishmen there, and invited Sir Philip to call at his hotel.

The admiral called the next day, and Marshal Macdonald took him into his room, and showed him his portrait in full marshal's uniform, and said, "Is that like the person you saw at Lady Lucy Stuart's?" Sir Philip replied that it was not. He then showed him two other likenesses of himself in other costumes, neither of which were recognised. At last he showed him his portrait as a young man, and Sir Philip immediately recognised the person he had met so many years before. Marshal Macdonald was on terms of the greatest friendship with him till his death.

During the long wars Sir Philip was engaged in many gallant exploits both single-handed and under higher commanders, and his services seem to have been duly appreciated by the Admiralty. Sir Philip sat in different parliaments for English boroughs; and, in 1837, he was offered the command at Portsmouth by Lord Minto, then First Lord, and accepted the office. About this time the Queen visited Portsmouth, and for her gratification the squadron lying there was ordered to be put under sail within two hours. The gallant admiral

replied

That a quarter of an hour's notice was quite sufficient for a squadron to be ready for her majesty.

Lord Yarborough, and several members of the yacht squadron, were in the offing; and the admiral requested his lordship to join the fleet, which he agreed to do, and the smart appearance of the yachts added much to the effect of the scene.

The admiral, who had been many years ashore, was astonished at finding such an improvement in the dress and conduct of the seamen, which he attributed much to the great increase in the number of the yachts, where appearance and good conduct were so much looked to, and in which service, as he remarked, "Jack had learnt that a gentleman, though in kid gloves and muslin trousers, could handle a ship as well as any one else." Admiral Durham died last spring at Naples of a short illness at the age of eighty-three. The record of a life which would not well bear lengthening out, is written in that plain, manly, and straight-forward style, which may be imitated with advantage by many of the longwinded modern biographers.

Penitentiaries, they are places of shelter and defence,
they are Observatories. In an Essay combating each
of these learned and ingeniously supported hypotheses,
Mr. Petrie produces his own; and whether his views
have been adopted by all the Academicians or not, his
Essay on this mysterious subject has been awarded the
prize offered by the Royal Irish Academy. We must
say for Mr. Petrie, that whatever may be concluded as
to his own views of this mighty matter, he has been
most successful in demolishing the favourite theories of
most of his fellow-labourers, whether as to the origin or
uses of the Round Towers. Having floored the fanciful
Vallancey, and the over-erudite Sir William Betham,
and other learned antiquaries, Mr. Petrie propounds his
own notions; and, laying aside six different theories out
of nine, admits that there may be some truth in the re-
maining three; and that, though not exclusively either
belfries, keeps, or monastic castles, nor yet beacons or
watch-towers, the perplexing edifices may probably have
been employed for any or all of these purposes, though
not limited exclusively to any one of them. This looks like
common sense, and is making the most of the Round
Towers. But this is but one phase of Mr. Petrie's un-
finished work, which contains much to interest the his-
torian, the antiquary, and the admirers of Gothic or eccle-
siastical architecture. In the course of his investigations
he has already visited many of the ancient ecclesiastical
buildings, and the remains of such buildings yet extant
in Ireland, attended by skilful draftsmen; so that the
work, which is produced in a style which does great
credit to Irish typography, is profusely illustrated
by beautiful and accurate wood-engravings, nearly all
architectural, of the churches, chapels, tombs, sepulchres,
towers, and sections and remains of the ancient buildings
of the Isle of Saints. We really regret that limited
space prevents us from giving this book the degree of
attention which its varied merits deserve; for though a
profoundly learned, and professedly antiquarian inquiry,
the dry bones live under the touch of Mr. Petrie; and
antiquarian research is found, in his pages, to be any
thing but dry or dull.

Explanations; a Sequel to "Vestiges of the Natural
History of Creation." By the author of that work.
London Churchill.

The author of "The Vestiges" must, we should imagine, have been greatly suprised to find the sensation which his bold speculations and guesses had made. The cry of Heresy, if not rather of Infidelity or Atheism, together with the mystery of authorship, at once raised his work into as much notice as he could have believed it merited. And perhaps he would have done wisely to have let the matter rest here; but he deems himself called upon to re-assert, to answer, and to "explain," which must, of course, lead to other replies and explanations from his opponents, until the merits of the case are lost in the heats and mists of controversy, while the great point mooted remains very much where it was. In the "Ex

The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Ireland anterior to the Anglo-Norman Incasion; comprising an Essay on the Origin and Uses of the Round Towers of Ireland, &c. &c. By George Petrie, R.H.A., V.P.R.I.A. Large octavo. Second Edition. Dublin: Hodges & Smith. Among the many inexplicabilities connected with the|planations," the author's peculiar views are presented history and condition of Ireland, are the origin and uses of those tough bones of antiquarian and learned contention, the Round Towers. About these structures, half a score of varying hypotheses have been propounded, in double that number of big books and slim essays. They are Phoenician, they are Danish, they are FireTemples, they are Buddhist Temples, they are Watchtowers, they are Belfries, they are Druidical, they are

more broadly and hardly, not to say dogmatically, than in the "Vestiges," and consequently in a form more calculated to call forth opposition, than when they were modestly and loosely thrown out in his original lucubrations. But, wanting novelty and the power of farther excitement, the new work is not likely to interest the general reader to nearly the same degree as its flashy and startling predecessor.

Six Months at Graffenberg; with Conversations in the
Saloon on Non-resistance, and other subjects. By H.
C. Wright. London: Charles Gilpin.

What connexion may exist between the Cold-water Care and the principle of Non-resistance, we do not pretend to know; but Mr. Wright, an American we presume, went to Graffenberg last year to recover or improve his health; and when there, took the opportunity presented by an intelligent company, collected from all quarters of Europe, or of the Globe, we may say, to propagate the peculiar doctrines held by the Nonresistance Society of Boston. These are not the Quaker doctrines. The account of Graffenberg and its motley, Auctuating population, manners, customs, and cures, is very amusing reading, and helps over the graver subjects, and the doctrines taught by the apostle of the new sect. The report made of the continued success of the Cold-water Cure is highly satisfactory.

A Kiss for a Blow. By H. C. Wright. Or a Collection of Stories for Children, showing them how to prevent quarrelling.

This very nice and Christian-spirited little book of little tales, is the production of Mr. Wright, the author of " Six Months at Graffenberg," mentioned above. The stories are very short, and are all intended to commend and teach the Gospel law of love.

Notes of the Wandering Jew on the Jesuits and their Opponents. Edited by John Fairplay, Esq. London: Appleyard.

These Notes, written in the assumed character of that mythical personage, "The Wandering Jew," are intended as a defence of the Jesuits from the onslaught made upon that Society, by M. Eugene Sue and others. The "Notes" give a succinct history of the Order. The Comic Blackstone. By Gilbert Abbot à Beckett; with illustrations by George Cruikshank. London: Punch Office.

This is what comic works should be :-the fun and good-humoured satire, is made the vehicle of sound sense and efficient lessons. Every one, save the lawyers, and even some of them when in the vein, admits the absurdities and anomalies of English law, in its sober realities as well as its beautiful fictions. A clever writer, acquainted with both, in this "Comic Blackstone" expounds many of the peculiar beauties and amiabilities of English law, whether it affects the rights of the subject or the citizen, and whether common or statute; and as every English gentleman, it is laid down, should know a little of law, he may study it far more pleasantly and shortly in the Comic than in the dull Blackstone. Would he, for example, know, "What is imprisonment ?" he

finds that

Unlawfully detaining a man in any way, is imprisonment: and semble that if you take your neighbour by the button, and cause him to listen to a long story, you are guilty of imprisonment. An Omnibus driver, who loiters on the road, and thus detains his passengers, is also guilty of imprisonment.

Every Englishman has a right to live in England; or at least, if he cannot live, he may have the glorious privilege of starving there. The sovereign may not send a subject even to Scotland, Guernsey, or Sark, though George the Fourth sent Brummell to Coventry; and our present Queen has been heard to tell Sir Robert Peel to go to Bath, when he has proposed measures contrary to the welfare and happiness of the people. The third right is the right of property, which the law

peculiarly regards, and will not allow a man to be deprived of his property except by the law itself, "which often," says Fleta," hath a happie knacke of stryppinge him." It is a beautiful fiction of the English law that no man pays taxes without his own consent; and, from this assertion, it would naturally be supposed that the taxgatherers were the very idols of the people, who flocked round them, tendering specie and asking receipts for it. selves; but Bracton, in a learned note, added "Hookey' By legal imagery, the people are declared to tax themto this assertion; while Mr. Selden, by way of strengthening the comment, has subjoined "Walker," with his customary quaintness.

of Englishmen ; but they do not often get much by it.
The right of petitioning is another glorious privilege
Puffendorf, or somebody else, has said, "They who don't
ask, don't want; but those who do ask, shan't have ;"
and semble that this is the sort of view which Parliament
takes of any wishes, expressed or not expressed, which
do not happen to coincide with the wishes of the legis-
lature.

Baron et Feme, we find —
Under the law as it regards husband and wife, or

It has been laid down very clearly in all the books, that in general all persons are able to marry, unless they are unable,; and the fine old constitutional maxim, that a man may not marry his grandmother," ought to be written in letters of gold over every domestic

hearth in the British dominions.

If a father's heart should happen to be particularly flinty, a child under age has no remedy, but a stony guardian may be macadamized by the Court of Chancery; ordered to take place, in spite of him. Another incapathat is to say, a marriage to which he objects may be city is, want of reason in either of the parties; but if want of reason really prevented a marriage from taking place, there would be an end to half the matches that are entered into.

Marriages could formerly only be dissolved by death or divorce; but the new Poor Law puts an end to the union between man and wife directly they enter into a alluded to, is a luxury confined only to those who can parochial Union. Divorce, except in the instance just afford to pay for it; and a husband is compelled to allow money-called ali-money-to the wife he seeks to Heaven, but unless the office of the registrar be a little be divorced from. Marriages, it is said, are made in paradise, we don't see how a marriage made before that functionary can come under the category alluded to.

By the old law, a husband might give his wife moderate correction; but it is declared in black and white that he may not beat her black and blue, though the civil law allowed any man on whom a woman had be stowed her hand, to bestow his fists upon her at his own discretion. The common people, who are much attached to the common law, still exert the privilege of beating their wives; and a woman in the lower ranks of life, if she falls in love with a man, is liable, after marriage, to be a good deal struck by him.

There is a learned and brilliant treatise on real property, on titles; and indeed the whole work, throughout its thirty-three chapters, furnishes, as supplementary to the great legal authorities, an improving study for English gentlemen, who would know something of the matchless laws and constitution of their matchless country. The Sequential System of Musical Notation, &c. By Arthur Wallbridge. Second Edition. London, 1844. In the 125th number of our Magazine, we reviewed Mr. Wallbridge's first publication on this subject; and we have little more to do than to refer our readers to what we then said. Mr. Wallbridge has taken no notice of our incontrovertible objections to his system, nor of our allusions to the Harmonicon, &c. We still adhere to our formerly expressed opinions regarding

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