per cent than at 10 per cent, while the honest merchant is practically put out of business.

Taking up paragraph 115, we suggest that this paragraph be amended by the insertion of the words "designed for industrial purposes and not suitable for jewelry purposes" after the word "spar." This will bring the paragraph squarely within the recent decision of the Board of General Appraisers (G. A., 6825, T. D., 29337, Nov. 6, 1908), where it was held that:

"Small pieces of agate, carnelian, garnet, jasper, onyx, etc., advanced in condition or value from their natural state by cutting, polishing, or other process, for the purpose of fitting them for use as setting for jewelry, the same being unset and belonging to the group of precious stones known and dealt in in trade under their specific names, such as 'agates,' 'garnet,' 'rock crystal,' etc., are dutiable as precious stones' under paragraph 435, and not as manufactures of agate, etc., under paragraph 115, tariff act of 1897."-(United States v. Benedict, 145 Fed. Rep., 514; Hahn v. United States, 100 Fed. Rep., 635; Erhardt v. Hahn, 55 Fed. Rep., 273; Hartsanft v. Weigmann, 121 U. S., 615, followed United States v. Lorsch, 158 Fed. Rep., 398, distinguished.)

It is suggested by your expert that the words agate, chalcedony, chrysolite, coral, carnelian, garnet, jasper, rock crystal, and spar be stricken from paragraph 115, and in this manner all "manufactures" of these stones would fall under "articles of mineral substance" (paragraph 97).

This would partly straighten the tangle, but it would still leave jet, malachite, and onyx to be the subjects for further litigation.

Genuine jet is rarely imported for jewelry purposes, but malachite and onyx are not uncommon.

It is believed that the "onyx" referred to in paragraph 115 is not onyx (quartz) at all but a species of marble, one variety of which is known as "Mexican" onyx.

We think our suggestion of the insertion of the words "not suitable for jewelry purposes" would be the surer and safer way to amend paragraph 115, as it would leave all "manufactures" of the various stones enumerated in that paragraph subject to 50 per cent duty.

We also submit a collection of stones to show your committee the various kinds of stones upon which the Government has been assessing duty at 10 per cent ad valorem for ten years under paragraph 435, and 50 per cent during the past year on the same variety under paragraph 115.

It is true this duty of 50 per cent has been collected because of a special Treasury order, against which the importers protested, and which protest has been sustained by the Board of General Appraisers (G. A. 6825, T. D. 29337, Nov. 6, 1908); but we submit that the tariff schedules should be made so clear that such a disturbing order could not be issued.

We have no suggestions to make concerning paragraph 545 other than the elimination of the words " from their natural state" and the request that your committee either leave this paragraph exactly as it is, with this change, or if any other change is made, that great care be exercised in retaining "diamonds and other precious stones, rough or uncut, and not advanced in condition or value (from their

natural state) by cleaving, splitting, cutting, or other process," on the free list, as the diamond-cutting industry in this country depends absolutely on the protective duty of 10 per cent on cut stones and free rough diamonds for its existence.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

ALFRED KROWER,

JACOB GOODFRIEND,
LUDWIG NISSEN,

EDWARD E. HARNED,
MEYER D. ROTHSCHILD,

Committee.

Authorized to represent the undersigned importers of diamonds, pearls, and other precious stones, cutters of diamonds and precious stones, lapidaries, gem cutters and engravers, importers and dealers in precious and imitation stones, and retailers of fine jewerly.

F. W. Bromberg, Birmingham, Ala.; O. A. Hesla Company, Prescott, Ariz.; Chas. S. Stifft, Little Rock, Ark.; The American Jewelry Company, Bakersfield, Cal.; Birnbaum Bros., Los Angeles, Cal.; Brock & Feagans, Los Angeles, Cal.; S. Nordlinger & Sons, Los Angeles, Cal.; The Baldwin Jewelry Company, San Francisco, Cal.; M. Schussler & Co. (Incorporated), San Francisco, Cal.; Shreve & Co., San Francisco, Cal.; W. K. Vanderslice Company, San Francisco, Cal.; Chas. Haas & Son, Stockton, Cal.; J. C. Bloom & Co., Denver, Colo.; The W. W. Hamilton Jewelry Company, Denver, Colo.; Hansel, Sloan & Co., Hartford, Conn.; The Ford Company, New Haven, Conn.; Galt & Bros., Washington, D. C.; Greenleaf & Crosby Company, Jacksonville, Fla.; Hyman Berg & Co., Chicago, Ill.; Juergens & Anderson Company, Chicago, Ill.; Lapp & Flershem, Chicago, Ill.; Norris Alister & Co., Chicago, Ill.; C. D. Peacock, Chicago, Ill.; Spaulding & Co., Chicago, Ill.; Julius C. Walk & Son, Indianapolis, Ind.; E. H. Carpenter & Son, Burlington, Iowa; Wm. H. Beck Company, Sioux City, Iowa; Rudolph H. Baude, Louisville, Ky.; A. B. Griswold & Co., New Orleans, La.; Leonard Krower, New Orleans, La.; Wm. Senter & Co., Portland, Me.; The James R. Armiger Company, Baltimore, Md.; Hennegen-Bates Company, Baltimore, Md.; Saml. Kirk & Son Company, Baltimore, Md.; Maynard & Potter (Incorporated); Boston, Mass.; Shreve, Crump & Low Company, Boston, Mass.; Smith-Patterson Company, Boston, Mass.; A. Stowell & Co., Boston, Mass.; Wright Kay & Co., Detroit, Mich.; Charles W. Warren & Co., Detroit, Mich.; J. B. Hudson & Son, Minneapolis, Minn.; S. Jacobs & Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; Weld & Sons, Minneapolis, Minn.; White & MacNaught, Minneapolis, Minn.; Cady & Olmstead Jewelry Company, Kansas City, Mo.; Jaccard Jewelry Corporation, Kansas City, Mo.; J. R. Mercer, Kansas City,

Mo.; F. W. Drosten Jewelry Company, St. Louis, Mo.; Eisenstadt Manufacturing Company, St. Louis, Mo.; A. Kurtzeborn & Sons, St. Louis, Mo.; Mermod, Jaccard & King Jewelry Company, St. Louis, Mo.; Whelan, Aehle, Hutchinson Company, St. Louis, Mo.; J. L. Teeters & Co., Lincoln, Nebr.; Albert Edholm, Omaha, Nebr.; A. F. Smith & Co., Omaha, Nebr.; L. A. Piaget & Co., Paterson, N. J.; T. W. Rowe, Trenton, N. J.; Charles Adlers' Sons, New York, N. Y.; American Gem and Pearl Company, New York, N. Y.; Arnstein Brothers, New York, N. Y.; Wm. Barthman, New York, N. Y.; Benedict & Warner, New York, N. Y.; Bonner & Co., New York, N. Y.; Bonner Manufacturing Company, New York, N. Y.; R. A. Breidenbach, New York, N. Y.; Maurice Brower, New York, N. Y.; C. Cottier & Son, New York, N. Y.; Eichberg & Co., New York, N. Y.; Eisenmann Brothers, New York, N. Y.; Fox & Co., New York, N. Y.; Jos. Frankel's Sons, New York, N. Y.; Jules Franklin, New York, N. Y.; E. M. Gattle & Co, New York, N. Y.; David L. Gluck, New York, N. Y.; Goodfriend Brothers, New York, N. Y.; Adolf J. Grinberg & Son, New York, N. Y.; L. Heller & Son, New York, N. Y.; Himalaya Mining Company, New York, N. Y.; Sig. Hirschberg, New York, N. Y.; Nathan Hyman & Co., New York, N. Y.; The International Gem Company, New York, N. Y.; Jacobson Brothers, New York, N. Y.; L. & M. Kahn & Co., New York, N. Y.; J. Ed. Kingsland, New York, N. Y.; H. C. Kionka & Co., New York, N. Y.; Theo. A. Kohn & Son, New York, N. Y.; Geo. W. Korper, New York, N. Y.; Jac Kryn & Wauters, New York, N. Y.; John Lamont & Son, New York. N. Y.; Albert Lorsch & Co., New York, N. Y.; Low & Florenzie, New York, N. Y.; Ludeke & Heiser, New York, N. Y.; Julius Mamluck & Co., New York, N. Y.; Marchand Frères, New York, N. Y.; Louis Marx, New York, N. Y.; L. Meisel & Co., New York, N. Y.; L. Misrah, New York, N. Y.; R. G. Monroe & Co., New York, N. Y.; Moser & Whyte, New York, N. Y.; Mount & Woodhull, New York, N. Y.; S. Nathan & Co., New York, N. Y.; Ludwig Nissen & Co., New York, N. Y.; H. Nordlinger's Sons, New York, N. Y.; Henry E. Oppenheimer & Co., New York, N. Y.; Oppenheimer Brothers & Veith, New York, N. Y.; Patterson & Stark, New York, N. Y.; Reichman Brothers, New York, N. Y.; Saunders, Meurer & Co., New York, N. Y.; L. Schuler & Son, New York, N. Y.; Wm. Seckel, New York, N. Y.; Alfred H. Smith & Co., New York, N. Y.; Estate Theo. B. Starr, New York, N. Y.; Stern Brothers & Co., New York, N. Y.; Louis Strasburger's Sons & Co., New York, N. Y.; L. Tannenbaum & Co., New York, N. Y.; Van Antwerpen Vanden Bosch & Co.,

New York, N. Y.; Van Gelder Brothers, New York, N. Y.; S. L. Van Wezel, New York, N. Y.; C. Irving Washburn, New York, N. Y.; Hayden W. Wheeler & Co., New York, N. Y.; Herbert Wild, New York, N. Y.; J. R. Wood & Sons, New York, N. Y.; Zimmeren, Rees & Son, New York, N. Y.; Arthur M. Field Company, Asheville, N. C.; The Bowler & Burdick Company, Cleveland, Ohio; The Cowell & Hubbard Company, Cleveland Ohio; The Webb C. Ball Watch Company, Cleveland, Ohio; The Frank Herschede Company, Cincinnati, Ohio; The OskampNolting Company, Cincinnati, Ohio; Augustus Rhoades, Lancaster, Pa.; Bailey, Banks & Biddle Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; J. E. Caldwell & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; S. Kind & Sons, Philadelphia, Pa.; Z. J. Pequignot, Philadelphia, Pa.; J. C. Grogan Company, Pittsburg, Pa.; The Hardy & Hayes Company, Pittsburg, Pa.; J. M. Roberts & Son Company, Pittsburg, Pa.; W. W. Wattles Sons, Pittsburg, Pa.; Sylvan Brothers, Columbia, S. C.; Geo. T. Brodnax (Incorporated), Memphis, Tenn.; C. J. Kleine, San Antonio, Tex.; Richard Vaeth, Tacoma, Wash.; Chas. N. Hancher, Wheeling, W. Va.; Alsted Kasten Co., Milwaukee, Wis.; C. Preusser Jewelry Company, Milwaukee, Wis..