Page 18, line 37. Rousseau and Locke, whose systems of education agreed in the desirability of combining the practical with the theoretical (see Rousseau's Emilia, 1762, and Locke's Thoughts Concerning the Education of Children, 1693).

Page 19, line 8. Helots... Spartans. Referring to the practice of Spartan parents of exhibiting to their sons, as a warning, a drunken

Helot or slave.

Page 19, line 13. The Samite. Pythagoras of Samos, who forbade his pupils to speak until they had listened through five years of his

lectures.

Page 19, line 14. Our little Goshen. Lamb was fond of this allusion.

Page 19, line 17. in verses 39 and 40

See Exodus viii. 22.

Gideon's miracle. See Judges vi. 37, 38; but the converse happened. Lamb here remembers

Cowley's lines in "The Complaint," Stanza 7 :

For ev'ry tree, and ev'ry land around,
With pearly dew was crown'd,

And upon all the quicken'd ground

The fruitful seed of Heav'n did brooding lie,
And nothing but the Muse's fleece was dry.

Page 19, line 24. "Playing holiday.”

If all the year were playing holidays,

To sport would be as weary as to work.

"1. Henry IV.," Act I., Scene 2, lines 227-228.

"

Page 19, line 27. The Ululantes. "The howling sufferers. "Hence [Tartarus] are clearly heard groanings and the sound of

(Eneid, VI., 557).
Easter anthems.

the cruel scourge"
Page 19, line 29.
times by the boys.
Page 19, line 30.
(Milton's Lycidas, 124).

Scrannel pipes.

These were written also some

"Grate on their scrannel pipes"

Page 19, line 31. Flaccus's quibble. In the Satires, Book I., VII.,

private surname,

34-5, where Rex has the double meaning of King, a and king, a monarch. The thin jests in Terence are in "Andrea,"

in his countenance," says one of the comic characters of a palpable liar; and in the "Adelphi," Act III., Scene 3, where, after a father has counselled his son to look into the lives of men as in a mirror, the slave counsels the scullions to look into stew-pans as in a mirror.

Footnote.

I have not discovered a copy of Matthew

Rabidus furor.

Squinting W

"Rabid rage." From Catullus

Page 19. Feilde's play. Page 20, line 14. probably-Attis, 38. Page 20, line 22. Page 20, line 31. Coleridge, in his literary life. Coleridge speaks in the Biographia Literaria of having had the "inestimable advantage of a very sensible, though at the same time a very severe master, the Reverend James Bowyer [Boyer]," and goes on to attribute to that

Not identifiable.

master's discrimination and thoroughness much of his own classical knowledge and early interest in poetry and criticism. Coleridge gives this example of Boyer's impatient humour :--

In our own English compositions (at least for the last three years of our school education), he showed no mercy to phrase, metaphor, or image, unsupported by a sound sense, or where the same sense might have been conveyed with equal force and dignity in plainer words. Lute, harp and lyre, Muse, Muses and inspirations, Pegasus, Parnassus and Hippocrene, were all an abomination to him. In fancy I can almost hear him now exclaiming, "Harp? Harp? Lyre? Pen and ink, boy, you mean! Muse, boy, muse? Your nurse's daughter, you mean! Pierian spring? Oh, aye! the cloister pump, I suppose!"

Touching Boyer's cruelty, Coleridge adds that his "severities, even now, not seldom furnish the dreams by which the blind fancy would fain interpret to the mind the painful sensations of distempered sleep." In Table Talk Coleridge tells another story of Boyer. "The discipline at Christ's Hospital in my time," he says, 66 was ultraSpartan; all domestic ties were to be put aside. 'Boy!' I remember Bowyer saying to me once when I was crying the first day of my return after the holidays, 'Boy! the school is your father! Boy! the school is your mother! Boy! the school is your brother! the school is your sister! the school is your first cousin, and your second cousin, and all the rest of your relations! Let's have no more crying!'"

Leigh Hunt in his autobiography also has reminiscences of Boyer and Feilde.

James Boyer or Bowyer was born in 1736, was admitted to the school in 1744, and passed to Balliol. He resigned his Upper Grammar Mastership in 1799, and probably retired to the rectory of Gainscolne to which he had been appointed by the school committee six years earlier. They also gave him £500 and a staff.

Thomas Fan

Page 20, line 32. Author of the Country Spectator. shaw Middleton (1769-1822), afterwards Bishop of Calcutta, who was at school with Lamb and Coleridge. In the little statuette group which is called the Coleridge Memorial, subscribed for in 1872, on the centenary of Coleridge's birth, and held in rotation by the ward in which most prizes have been gained in the year (see plate opposite page 320), Middleton is the tallest figure. The story which it celebrates is to the effect that Middleton found Coleridge reading Virgil in the playground and asked him if he were learning a lesson. Coleridge replied that he was "reading for pleasure," an answer which Middleton reported to Boyer, and which led to Boyer taking special notice of him. The Country Spectator was a magazine conducted by Middleton in 1792-1793.

Page 20, line 35.

C-
C. Coleridge again.

Page 20, line 40. Lancelot Pepys Stevens. Rightly spelled Stephens, afterwards Under Grammar Master at the school.

Page 20, line 42. Dr. Te. Arthur William Trollope (17681827), who succeeded Boyer as Upper Grammar Master. He resigned in 1826.

Page 21, line 5. The fasces. Here, the birch rod. The fasces were VOL. II.-21

the bundles of rods, with an axe in the centre, carried by lictors before Roman magistrates.

Page 21, line 7. Cicero De Amicitia. Cicero's essay on Friendship.

Page 21, line 9. Th-. Sir Edward Thornton (1766-1852), diplomatist, who was sent as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Lower Saxony, to Sweden, to Denmark and other courts, afterwards becoming minister to Portugal.

Page 21, line 12, etc. Middleton. See note above. The treatise was The Doctrine of the Greek Article as applied to the Criticism and the Illustration of the New Testament, 1808. It was directed chiefly against Granville Sharpe. Middleton was the first Bishop of Calcutta -hence the phrase "regni novitas" (from the Eneid, I., 562), an infant realm.-Bishop Jewel, of Salisbury (1522-1571), author of the Apologia pro Ecclesia Anglicana, and the judicious Richard Hooker (about 1533 to 1600), author of A Treatise on the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity.

Page 21, line 22. Richards. This was George Richards (1767-1837). His "6 poem on Aboriginal Britons," which won a prize given in 1791 by Earl Harcourt, is mentioned favourably in Byron's English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. Richards became vicar of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields and a Governor of Christ's Hospital. He founded a gold medal for Latin hexameters.

Page 21, lines 24, 25. S

M. According to the Key

"Scott, died in Bedlam," and "Maunde, dismiss'd school."

Page 21, line 26. Carmen Seculare for

Finding some of Edward's race." From Prior's 1700:

Finding some of Stuart's race
Unhappy, pass their annals by.

Lamb alters Stuart to Edward because Edward VI. founded Christ's Hospital.

Page 21, line 34. Mirandula. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (14631494), a young Italian of extraordinary attainments, the friend of Lorenzo de Medici.

Page 21, line 35. Jamblichus, or Plotinus. Two of the Neo-Platonic philosophers. Lamb is thinking of Horace, Ep. I., 3, 10.

Page 21, line 39. The words of old Fuller. Adapting a passage in Fuller's Worthies, describing the wit combats between Shakespeare and Ben Jonson (under "Warwickshire").

Page 21, line 40. C. V. Le G. Charles Valentine Le Grice (1773-1858), whom we meet also in the essay on "Grace Before Meat" (page 96). Le Grice, in his description of Lamb as a schoolboy in Talfourd's Memorials, remarked: "I never heard his name mentioned without the addition of Charles, although, as there was no other boy of the name of Lamb, the addition was unnecessary; but there was an implied kindness in it, and it was a proof that his gentle manners excited that kindness."