In DISJUNCTIVE CO-ORDINATION the different independent statements of the compound sentence, although related to each other by position, are disjoined or distributed in meaning. The different members of the sentence are linked together by such conjunctions as either, or, neither, nor, otherwise, else; as,

The dog would neither eat the hay, nor allow the ox to do so.

My son, be anxious and persevere, otherwise it is impossible to secure success in life.

In ANTITHETICAL CO-ORDINATION one independent statement of the compound sentence is, in meaning, opposed or contrasted to another. The statements are linked together by but, yet, and only, expressed or understood; as,

The hand of the reaper takes the ears that are hoary, But the voice of the weeper wails manhood in glory. Well, go just now, only you must return in the evening. Though all men should forsake thee, yet will not I. Men's evil manners live in brass;

Their virtues we write in water.

In ILLATIVE CO-ORDINATION the statement follows as a logical conclusion from the one preceding it. The statements are linked together by such particles as then, so, therefore, consequently, accordingly, thence; as,

He was very debauched and vicious, consequently he died an early and miserable death.

If death were nothing and nought after death, then might the debauchee untrembling mouth the heavens.

CONTRACTED SENTENCES.

In the four varieties of the compound sentence the combination may consist of two or more SUBJECTS with a common

PREDICATE, two or more PREDICATES with the same SUB

JECT, OBJECT, or EXTENSIONS; as,

Coplative (common subject)

Temperance prolongs, and, ennobles our lives.

Disjunctive (common predicate)

Neither the master Λ

nor the pupil were at fault.

Antithetical (common object)—

The sun shines upon the evil, but also upon the just. Illative (common extension)——

Out of the creative industry of his imagination, taxing too heavily his great capacities for work, Scott constructed for a time monuments of rare literary genius, and produced vivid and life-like historical pictures, then mind and body succumbed to the influence of the excessive and exhausting labour.

Λ

EXERCISES.

As in the accompanying Example, show the SUBJECT and PREDICATE, also the OBJECT, if any, in the sentences which follow.

The wild-bees, humming drowsily, suck sweet nectar from

Sentences:

Charles Dickens died of apoplexy.

Man was made to mourn.

Milton wrote "Paradise Lost" when advanced in life.

The poet Gray was a ripe scholar.

The minstrel boy to the wars has gone.

Lord Lytton is a most accomplished author.1

King Theodore was slain at Magdala.

"Lothair" is a well-known novel by Disraeli.

Have you read the "History of England" by Macaulay?

Speke travelled in Africa.

Harold the Dauntless was killed at Hastings.

Napoleon, as well as Hannibal, crossed the Alps.

Nelson was killed at Trafalgar in 1805.

"Hearts of oak," our captains cried.

Ernest Jones died in comparative poverty.

The oratory of John Bright is impulsive.

Edinburgh derives its name from Edwin, a Northumbrian prince.

Bad spelling evinces a very defective education.

To learn to spell correctly is no very easy accomplishment.

Dr Hunter, the great anatomist, could not spell correctly. Bonaparte was banished to the isle of Elba.

The poet Dryden wrote some very keen satire.

Pitt, Lord Chatham, was buried with great ceremony in Westminster Abbey.

Pitt's grave is very near to that of Fox.

Fielding, a bookseller, wrote "Pamela," a novel, with a strictly moral aim.

Cowper, diseased in mind, wrote in intervals of temporary sanity.

Goldsmith studied medicine for sometime in Edinburgh.

1 "Lord Lytton" and "author" are both SUBJECT, and so with all nouns or their equivalents when agreeing in tense, or signifying the same thing, the one comes before and the other after the verb To Be.

The knight disdained to yield up his sword to the foe. The acknowledging of our faults frequently disarms the resentment of our enemy.

To slander our neighbour bespeaks a meanness of soul on our part.

Peter, James, and John went up into the temple to pray.1 Homer and Virgil were great epic poets.

I love to roam in the open fields.

To roam in the open fields is my delight.

James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, wrote the Queen's

Wake."

John Keats, a poet of high promise, died at the unripe age of twenty-one years.

The Battle of the Standard was fought at Northallerton, in Yorkshire.

Coleridge says truly, " Friendship is a sheltering tree." John Wilson (Christopher North) was a writer of rare and vigorous power.

Boswell's "Life of Johnson is a work of extraordinary merit.

In his remarkable writings, Carlyle vigorously assails the shams of the world.

Lord of the Isles, my trust in thee is firm as Ailsa Rock!

Carrick, press on ;

Press on, brave sons of Innisgail,

The foe is fainting fast.

Each strike for parent, child, and wife,

For Scotland, liberty, and life!

The battle cannot last.

1 Sentences of this order, with two or more nominatives to one verb, may be considered simple sentences. The several nominatives com

bined make up the subject.

2 Vocative or nominative absolute. Like the interjective, of the character of which it partakes, this does not properly belong to any column in the table of analysis, but is quite an isolated member of the

sentence.

Araby's daughters love to roam

'Mong the barren sands of their torrid home.

Impenetrable mystery hangs over the authorship of the "Letters of Junius."

Eternity how are our boldest thoughts overwhelmed in thee !

Of the three hundred, grant but three,

To make a new Thermopyla.

I love thee dearly, O spirit of divine solitude!

Analyse the foregoing sentences in the manner of the subjoined examples, showing the SUBJECT, PREDICATE, and OBJECT, with their respective EXTENSIONS.

The wild bees, humming drowsily, suck sweet nectar from the