Draining for Profit, and Draining for HealthOrange Judd Company, 1867 - 238 páginas |
Dentro del libro
Resultados 1-5 de 79
Página 5
... Depth and distance apart . - Direction of laterals . - Collars . - Discharge of water from drains . CHAPTER IV . HOW TO MAKE THE DRAINS . Tools . - Marking the lines . - Water - courses . - Outlets . - Silt - Basins.- Opening the ...
... Depth and distance apart . - Direction of laterals . - Collars . - Discharge of water from drains . CHAPTER IV . HOW TO MAKE THE DRAINS . Tools . - Marking the lines . - Water - courses . - Outlets . - Silt - Basins.- Opening the ...
Página 9
... depth of three or four feet in the earth , may collect water at its bottom , shortly after a rain ; this is a sure sign of the need of draining . All tests of the condition of land as to water , —such as trial pits , etc . , — should be ...
... depth of three or four feet in the earth , may collect water at its bottom , shortly after a rain ; this is a sure sign of the need of draining . All tests of the condition of land as to water , —such as trial pits , etc . , — should be ...
Página 15
... depth occupied by roots , which , with most cultivated plants is , in drained land , from two to four feet , or even more , should be main tained , as nearly as possible , in the condition represented in Fig . 3 , that is , the ...
... depth occupied by roots , which , with most cultivated plants is , in drained land , from two to four feet , or even more , should be main tained , as nearly as possible , in the condition represented in Fig . 3 , that is , the ...
Página 17
... depth and distance , which has been found sufficient for the worst cases . The directions of this book will be confined to the treatment of land which demands thorough work . Such land is that which , at some time during the period of ...
... depth and distance , which has been found sufficient for the worst cases . The directions of this book will be confined to the treatment of land which demands thorough work . Such land is that which , at some time during the period of ...
Página 18
... depth , crack- ing and gaping open , in wide fissures , as the clay loses its water of absorption , and shrinks . After the surface soil has become sufficiently dry , the land may be plowed , seeds will germinate , and plants will grow ...
... depth , crack- ing and gaping open , in wide fissures , as the clay loses its water of absorption , and shrinks . After the surface soil has become sufficiently dry , the land may be plowed , seeds will germinate , and plants will grow ...
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
Draining for Profit, and Draining for Health George E 1833-1898 Waring Sin vista previa disponible - 2015 |
Términos y frases comunes
acre agricultural allow amount basin bottom brick bushels carried cause cent Central Park clay collars commence condition connection considerable contour lines cost course covered crop cultivation deposit depth discharge diseases distance ditch drainage dyke earth effect evaporation fall farm farmer feet deep fever field fifth column filled flow foot four feet Gisborne grade ground Hackensack River heat heavy rain houses improvement inches inclination joints kiln labor laid land laying length less lower main drain malarious manure marsh matters measure moisture muddy water nearly necessary obstruction operation outlet particles pipes placed plants plow porous practice prevent quantity rain-fall removed result retentive soil roots salt marsh saturated season sewage sewers shown in Fig side silt silt-basin slope soakage spring stakes steepest descent stone subsoil sufficient surface tide tile drain tion typhoid fever under-draining undrained whole width
Pasajes populares
Página 2 - In the Clerk's Office of the District Conrt of the United States for the Southern District of New York.
Página 71 - Deeper drains at a minimum depth of four feet, designed with the two-fold object of not only freeing the active soil from stagnant and injurious water, but of converting the water falling on the surface into an agent for fertilizing ; no drainage being deemed efficient that did not both remove the water falling on the surface, and ' keep down the subterranean water at a depth exceeding the power of capillary attraction to elevate it to near the surface.
Página 79 - ... the rising of the floor is a more usual and far more inconvenient occurrence than the falling of the roof: the weight of the two sides squeezes up the floor. We have seen it formed into a very decided arch without fracture. Exactly a similar operation takes place in the drain. No one had till recently dreamed of forming a tile drain, the bottom of which a man was not to approach personally within twenty inches or two feet.
Página 79 - A doggerel song, quite destitute of humor, informs us that tiles of this sort were used in 1760, at Grandesburg Hall, in Suffolk, by Mr. Charles Lawrence, the owner of the estate. The earliest of which 'we had experience were of large area and of weak form. Constant failures resulted from their use, and the cause was investigated; many of the tiles were found to be choked up with clay, and many to be broken longitudinally through the crown. For the first evil, two remedies were adopted; a sole of...
Página 80 - ... part.* When the Regent's Park was first drained large conduits were in fashion, and they were made circular by placing one horseshoe tile upon another. It would be difficult to invent a weaker conduit. On re-drainage innumerable instances were found in which the upper tile was broken through the crown, and had dropped into the lower. Next came the...
Página 79 - ... material, even when the drain is completed, offers an imperfect resistance, but the constant pressure together of the sides, even when it does not produce a fracture of the soil, catches hold of the feet of the tile and breaks it through the crown. Consider the case of a drain formed...
Página 84 - ... inches. The whole space between the collar and the pipe on each side of the collar is open, and affords no resistance to the entrance of water; while at the same time the superincumbent arch of the collar protects the junction of two pipes from the intrusion of particles of soil. We confess to some original misgivings that a pipe resting only on an inch at each end, and lying hollow, might prove weak and liable to fracture by weight pressing on it from above ; but the fear was illusory. Small...
Página 166 - ... to Mr. Johnston. Eight acres and some rods of this land, at one side, averaged 94 bushels, or the trifling increase of 84 bushels per acre over what it would bear before those in107 significant clay tiles were buried in the ground.
Página 14 - ... is in fact supplied with a certain amount of this necessary substance, and owing to this germination does take place, although by no means under such advantageous circumstances as it would were the soil in a better condition.
Página 67 - ... against evaporation ; and we are inclined to believe that any prejudicial combined action of attraction and evaporation is thereby well guarded against. The facts stated seem to prove that less will not suffice. So much on the score of temperature, but this is not all. Do the roots of esculents wish to penetrate into the earth — at least, to the depth of some feet? We believe that they do.