hard, white, sweet, motionless, smooth, better, and bad in the foregoing sentences are all adjectives.

8. A conjunctive adverb is equivalent to two phrases, one of which contains a relative pronoun, and the other its antecedent; as, "Whither I go ye cannot come." Whither means “to the place to which."

In such sentences as "I know how it was done," how is not a conjunctive adverb, because alone it does not modify know. The whole expression "how it was done" is the objective modifier of know.

9. Some adverbs are used independently; as, "Yes, he will come," ," "Well, let us go," "Why, that is not possible."

There, when used to introduce a sentence, as in the sentence, "There were four present," may be called an independent adverb.

10. The is an adverb when it modifies an adjective or an adverb, as in the sentence, "The more we sing the better we are pleased."

11. Far, farther, and farthest are used when reference is made to distance or number; as, "It is farther to New Orleans than to Cincinnati."

Forth, further, and furthest are used when meaning something additional; as, “Nothing further was said.”

Exercise.

Name the adverbs, tell the class, and show what each adverb modifies in the following sentences:

The bird flies swiftly. Throw the ball upward. The stream flows rapidly on. We may sometimes be disappointed. Come in. Come to school early. When will your friends arrive? Whither thou goest I will go. I feel very well. The lesson was well recited. Well, let us begin. There were six of us in the coach. Why he did this I cannot tell. Make hay while the sun shines. Be more studious. Where does your friend live? May we see you to-morrow? I feel very much better to-day. Time rolls on. How sweetly the bird sings! The older we become the wiser we should grow.

Rapidly is an adverb of manner, and modifies the verb runs.

2. Now came still evening on.

Now is an adverb of time, and modifies the verb came.

On is an adverb of place, and modifies the verb came.

3. They will come by and by.

4. Yes, I will send for him immediately.

5. We were carried nearly over the stream.

Parse the adverbs in the following:

1. If the sun has gone down, look up at the stars.

2. Elocution, in order to be perfect, must convey the meaning clearly, forcibly, and agreeably.— Whately.

3. Our Revolution was mainly directed against the mere theory of tyranny. Clay.

4. It is interesting to notice how some minds seem almost to create themselves, springing up under every disadvantage.- Irving.

5. Without labor, what is there? Without it, there were no world itself.-Wm. Howitt.

6. In vain imagination seeks to extend itself in our cultivated fields; it everywhere meets the habitations of men.-Chateaubriand. 7. Education, to accomplish the ends of good government, should be universally diffused.-Webster.

8. My voice is still for war!-Addison.

9.

Once Switzerland was free! With what a pride

I used to walk these hills, look up to heaven,
And bless God that it was so!-Knowles.

10. While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,

As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber-door.

Parse also the nouns, the pronouns, the adjectives, and the verbs.

Poe.

PREPOSITIONS.

A Preposition is a word which shows the relation between its object and some other word.

Ex. The ball rolled from the table to the floor.

Note. The word preposition is from the Latin pre, "before," and pono, "I put."

The preposition and its object form a phrase which modifies some preceding word, called the antecedent.

In the above example the phrases from the table and to the floor modify the verb rolled; hence, from shows the relation

between rolled and table, and to shows the relation between rolled and floor.

The object of a preposition may be any word or collection of words used as a noun or instead of a noun. The object is always in the objective case.

The preposition and its object may be used as either an adjective or an adverbial modifier.

Ex.-1. "The house on the hill is white."

On the hill is an adjective modifier of house.

Ex.-2. "The house was built on the hill."

On the hill is an adverbial modifier of was built.

The preposition always shows the relation between the antecedent and the object.

The preposition with its object is called an adjunct.

List of Prepositions.

Name the words between which each preposition shows the relation,

A: "The boys have gone a-hunting."

Aboard: "They have gone aboard the ship."

About: "The pupils were crowding about the door."

Above: "Trenton is above Philadelphia."

Across: "Camden is across the Delaware from Philadel

phia."

After: "The dogs ran after a fox."

Against: "The ladder stands against the wall."
Along: "Buildings are erected along the beach."
Amid, amidst: "Oranges gleaming amidst the leaves."
Among, amongst: "Divide the money among them all."
Around, round: "We have driven around the island."
At: "Look at the work closely."

Athwart: "The vessel was struck athwart her bow."
Before: "The prisoner stood before the bar.”

Behind : "The train was behind time."

Below: "The river is below the city."

Beneath : "His remark was beneath notice."

Besides, beside: "We want something besides knowledge." Between: Stand between us."

Betwixt: Formerly used for between.

Beyond: "The prize is beyond my grasp."
But: "Whence all but him had fled."
By: "A church stands by the wood."
Concerning "It is nothing concerning you."
Down: "The stream flows down the valley."
During: "We recite during school-time."
Except: "All except John have gone."

Of: "Six tons of coal."

Off: "The boy fell off the horse."

On: "We can rest on the platform.”

Over: "The boy leaped over the brook."

Past: "It is now past time."

Respecting: "They inquired respecting our progress."

Save: "The entire crew save the captain were drowned.”

Since: "I have lived here since January."

Through: "Look through the book."

Throughout: "We remained throughout the week."

Till, until: "Let us wait till noon."

To, unto: "Suffer little children to come unto me."
Toward, towards: "We ran toward the brook."
Under: "The mouse under the board was caught."
Underneath: “It crept underneath a box.”
Up: "He clambered up the bank."

Upon "Place your hand upon the table."