5. Precious and priceless are the blessings which books scatter around our daily paths.- Whipple.

6. The true hero is the great, wise man of duty.—Bushnell.

7. The relations between man and man cease not with life.-Norton.

8. The dead leave behind them their memory, their example, and the effects of their actions.-Norton.

9.

10.

11.

In its sublime research, philosophy

May measure out the ocean deep.-Derzhavin.

The frugal snail, with forecast of repose,

Carries his house with him where'er he goes.-Lamb.
Better than gold is the sweet repose

Of the sons of toil when their labors close.-Smart.

The Predicate.

The Predicate of a sentence may be either Simple, Complex, or Compound.

The Simple Predicate is always a finite verb or an attribute with its copula; as, "Birds sing," "Exercise strengthens," "Snow falls," "Snow is falling," "Snow is white," "Snow is frozen moisture,” “Man is mortal,” "Man is an animal," "To obey is to enjoy."

The Attribute is an adjective, a noun, or some equivalent expression.

The Copula is either the verb to be or some other neuter verb.

The Simple Predicate is also called the Grammatical Predicate.

The Attribute may be a word, a phrase, or a clause; as, "His wish is proper," "His wish is to do right," "His wish is that we may call to see him."

Exercise.

Name the simple or grammatical predicates in the following sentences: 1. Every man must patiently abide his time.-Longfellow.

2. To be a gentleman does not depend upon the tailor or the toilet. -Bishop Doane.

3. On a winged word hath hung the destiny of nations.-Landor. 4. Open the doors of the schoolhouse to all the children of the land.-Webster.

5. Education is not confined to books alone.-Trowbridge.

6. The world, with its thousand interests and occupations, is a great school.-Trowbridge.

7. The crown and glory of life is character.—Smiles.

8. Every natural action is graceful.-Emerson.

9.

10.

The blow most dreaded falls to break
From off our limbs a chain.- Whittier.

I never could find a good reason

Why sorrow unbidden should stay,
And all the bright joys of life's season

Be driven unheeded away.-Geo. P. Morris.

The Complex or Logical Subject is the simple subject with its modifiers.

A Modifier is a word which limits or qualifies the meaning of another word.

The Logical Subject is the entire subject.

The subject, when a noun or a pronoun, may be limited as follows:

1. By any word, phrase, or clause that may be used as an adjective; as, "Wise men are respected," "Men of wisdom are respected," "Men who are wise are respected."

2. By a noun or a pronoun in the possessive case; as, “John's book is torn," ," "His father's house was destroyed."

3. By a noun or a pronoun in apposition; as, "The ship Nantucket was wrecked," "Paul the apostle preached."

4. By a participle; as, "The lessons assigned have been recited."

5. By a verb in the infinitive mode; as, "The task to be performed has been assigned."

Remark. An element which modifies the meaning of a noun or a pronoun is an Adjective Element.

When the subject of a sentence is an infinitive or a participle it may be modified as a verb.

For written analysis the following forms may be used:

1. Men of wisdom are respected.

Explanation.-The subject and

the predicate are placed to the left of the perpendicular line, and each modifier to the right of the word which it modifies. Of wisdom modifies men, and is therefore placed to the right of the subject.

Explanation.- Who are wise is a subordinate clause, having the subject who and the predicate are wise, but it also modifies men, and is therefore placed to the right of it.

Explanation.-Apostle, modifying Paul, is placed to the right of it, and the, modifying apostle, is placed to the right of that word.

4. The task to be performed has been assigned.

task

has been assigned.

The
Explanation. The modifiers
to be performed of task are The and to be per-
formed.

Exercise.

Name the grammatical subject, the modifiers, and the logical subject in each of the following sentences:

1. Without knowledge there can be no sure progress.—Sumner.

2. The Golden Rule contains the very life and soul of politeness.— Mrs. Child.

3. The character of Washington is among the most cherished contemplations of my life.-Webster.

4. On the diffusion of education among the people rest the preservation and perpetuation of our free institutions.- Webster.

5. The hardest way of learning is by easy reading.-—Theo. Parker. 6. Nothing great or good can be accomplished without toil.—A. H. Stephens.

7. Reading without purpose is sauntering, not exercise.—Lord Lytton.

8.

9.

There is a tide in the affairs of men,

Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.-Shakespeare.

There is a pleasure in the pathless woods.-Byron.

The Complex or Logical Predicate is the simple predicate with its modifiers.

The Logical Predicate is the entire predicate.

The predicate verb may be modified as follows:

1. By any word, phrase, or clause performing the office of an adverb; as, "The bird flew rapidly," "The bird flew in this direction," "They read that they may improve.”

2. By an infinitive; as, "They sing to please you.”

When a transitive verb, active voice, is followed by any word, phrase, or clause, used as a noun in the objective case after the verb, this object with its modifiers is called an Objective Element.

All elements that modify verbs are either Adverbial or Objective.

Any element that modifies an Adjective or an Adverb is an Adverbial Element.

Definitions.

An Adjective Element is one which modifies a noun or a pronoun.

An Adverbial Element is one which modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.

An Objective Element is one which modifies a transitive verb in the active voice, as the direct object. Remark. Prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections, as such, are not limited, nor do they limit.

FORMS FOR WRITTEN ANALYSIS.

1. They read that they may improve.

Name the grammatical predicate, the modifiers, and the logical predicate

in the following sentences:

1. Vice and barbarism are the inseparable companions of ignorance. Sumner.

2. Good clothes are not good habits.-Bishop Doune.

3. Fatigue generally begins, and is always increased, by calculating in a minute the exertion of hours.--Jane Taylor.

4. Honor lies in doing well whatever we find to do.-Trowbridge.