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5. Words convey the mental treasure of one period to the generations that follow.-Trench.

6. Language is the amber in which a thousand precious thoughts have been safely imbedded and preserved.—Trench.

7. Be careful that you do not commend yourselves.-Sir Matthew Hale.

8. A great man is always willing to be little.-Emerson.

9.

10.

11.

But who the melodies of morn can tell?-Beattie.

The smallest bark on life's tempestuous ocean

Will leave a track behind for evermore.-Mrs. Bolton. With silent awe I hail the sacred morn.-Dr. J. Leyden. A Compound Subject consists of two or more simple or logical subjects; as, "Demosthenes and Cicero were great orators," "The wisdom of God and his goodness are unbounded."

A Compound Predicate consists of two or more simple or logical predicates; as, "We may go or stay," "The child listens attentively, and learns rapidly."

WRITTEN FORMS FOR COMPOUND SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES.

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Name the subjects and the predicates, simple, complex, and compound, in the following sentences:

1. The best-laid plans, the most important affairs, the fortunes of individuals, the weal of nations, honor, life itself, are daily sacrificed because somebody is behind time.-Freeman Hunt.

2. The vine-clad cottage of the hillside, the cabin of the woodsman, and the rural home of the farmer are the true citadels of any country.-Bishop Whipple.

3. The ocean, the mountains, the clouds, the heavens, the stars, the rising and setting sun, all overflow with beauty.-W. E. Channing.

4. No arch nor column in courtly English, or courtlier Latin, sets forth the deeds and the worth of the Father of his country.—Everett.

5. The sorrow for the dead is the only sorrow from which we refuse to be divorced.—Irving.

6. The woods, the wilds, and the waters respond to savage intelligence.-Bancroft.

7.

8.

Honor and shame from no condition rise;

Act well your part, there all the honor lies.-Pope.

The more we live, more brief appear
Our life's succeeding stages.-Campbell.

Modifiers.

A Noun may be modified as follows:

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" "Good girls."

1. By an adjective; as, Wise men,"

2. By a phrase; as, "Men of prudence," "Gates of gold."

3. By a clause; as, "Pupils who are attentive."

4. By a participle; as, "The army having retreated, the alarm ceased."

5. By a verb in the infinitive mode; as, were successful."

"Our efforts to improve

6. By a noun or a pronoun in the possessive case; as, “The farmer's crops were gathered."

7. By a noun in apposition; as, “The ship Ironsides came into port."

A Pronoun may be modified in all respects as a noun, except that it is not limited by a noun or a pronoun in the possessive case.

The modifiers of either nouns or pronouns are Adjec

tive elements.

An Adjective may be modified

1. By an adverb; as, “The wall is very white." 2. By a phrase; as, "Wise in his own opinion."

3. By a clause; as, "He was so tired that he fell asleep."

4. By an infinitive; as, "Anxious to study."

All modifiers of adjectives are Adverbial elements.

A Verb may be modified—

1. By an adverb; as, "Study diligently."

2. By a phrase; as, "He writes with ease."

3. By a clause; as, "We read that we may understand.” 4. By an infinitive; as, "We came to recite."

5. By an objective; as, "The farmer tills the ground."

Only a transitive verb, active voice, can have an objective; this is called an Objective element.

All other elements limiting verbs are Adverbial elements.

An Adverb may be modified

1. By an adverb; as, “The brook flows very rapidly." 2. By a phrase; as, “He came agreeably to promise." All modifiers of adverbs are Adverbial elements. Adverbial phrases or elements are modified like adverbs. Thus, in the sentence, "He was shot just below the eye," the adverb just modifies the adverbial phrase below the eye.

Infinitives are always modified as verbs.

Participles when used as nouns may be modified both as nouns and as verbs.

WRITTEN FORMS FOR MODIFIERS.

Direction. Place modifiers to the right of the words which they modify.

1. The rain fell on the grass and restored its freshness.

2. Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight.

3. The bullets flew directly over our heads.

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Name the modifiers in the following sentences, and tell what each modifies: 1. A cottage flower gives honey to the bee-a king's garden, none to the butterfly.-Lord Lytton.

2. Motion is the law of living nature.-A. H. Stephens.

3. Energy is the steam-power, the motive principle, of intellectual capacity.-A. H. Stephens.

4. The charities of life are scattered everywhere, enameling the vales of human beings as the flowers paint the meadows.-Bancroft.

5. Does not almost every one remember some kind-hearted man who showed him a kindness in the days of his childhood?-Jerrold. 6. The wise man always throws himself on the side of his assailants.-Emerson.

7. Hang around your walls pictures which shall tell stories of mercy, hope, courage, faith, and charity.-D. G. Mitchell.

8. Make your living-room the largest and most cheerful in the house.-D. G. Mitchell.

9. Those who contract thoughtless and rude habits toward members of their own family will be rude and thoughtless to all the world.-Silvio Pellico.

10. While we commend the character and example of Washington to others, let us not forget to imitate it ourselves.-R. C. Winthrop. 11. The books which help you most are those which make you think most.-Theo. Parker.

12. A man is the happier through life for having once made an agreeable tour or lived for any length of time among pleasant people.-Sydney Smith.

13.

True, conscious honor is to feel no sin;

He's armed without that's innocent within.-Pope.

14.

The stars shall fade away, the sun himself

Grow dim with age, and Nature sink in years;

But thou shalt flourish in immortal youth,

Unhurt amid the war of elements,

The wreck of matter, and the crash of worlds.—Addison.
Who shall decide when doctors disagree?-Pope.

Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame.-Pope.

15.

16.

17.

Know then this truth, enough for man to know—
Virtue alone is happiness below.—Pope.

18.

19.

They made her a grave too cold and damp

For a soul so warm and true.-Moore.

There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray,

To deck the turf that wraps their clay.—Collins.

Exercises.

1. Write adjective elements to limit the nouns and the pronouns in the following:

1.

train leaves for New York. 2. lazily over the meadow. 3.

4.

6.

clouds float

friends will come to-morrow.

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tory was presented to us. 8. John, diamond cuts glass.

ing. 9.

the East. 11.

mon,

house

was destroyed by fire. 12. He

will learn rapidly. 13. I have lost

hat. 14. Solo

horse came down

was king. 15. We all should have a desire

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2. Write adverbial elements to limit the verbs, adjectives, and adverbs

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