as good as the beef for food; which does not follow, inasmuch as the nuts may require for digestion many times the nerve force which the beef would call for. It is my impression that these, and similar insights, will keep vegetarianism from becoming at all general.

Doubtless many vegetarians receive meat food, knowingly or otherwise, through such devices as Mrs. Dodd used with her third husband in Myrtle Reed's story, "At the sign of the Jack o'Lantern."

"I knowed what his poor cranky system needed, and I knowed how to get it into him. He never saw no meat on our table, but all day while he was gone, I was busy with my soup pot, a-makin' condensed extracts of meat for flavorin' vegetables an' sauces an' so on.

"He took mightily to my cookin' an' frequently said he'd never et such exquisite victuals. I'd make cream soups for him, an' in every one there'd be over a cupful of solid meat jelly, as rich as the juice you find in the pan when you cook a first-class roast

of beef. I'd stew potatoes in veal stock, and cook rice in water that had had a chicken boiled to rags in it. There wa'n't a day that he didn't have from one to four pounds of meat put in his food, and all the time he was gettin' happier an' healthier an' more peaceful to live with. When he died he was as mild as a spring lamb with mint sauce on it."

It may be feared that pork, mutton, and other forms of flesh will supplant beef. This is not likely; first, because they are never much cheaper for any length of time, and secondly because for the great majority of people they are less useful and less agreeable for food than beef is.

We have, then, as factors promoting the demand for beef: Growing population, betterment in the quality of beef, greater inquiry for ordinary cuts, and finer cooking; and as factors hindering the demand. for beef: Vegetarianism, and the use of rival meats, neither of these causes being likely to prove very potent. A review of these various forces affecting the demand

for beef thus reveals a very strong net tendency to increase this demand.

Now, recalling what was presented earlier, we have confronting us a strong net tendency to decrease the supply of beef cattle and also an equally strong net tendency to increase the demand for beef. From this exhibit it would appear inevitable that beef prices must in the next few years considerably advance.

But let us not conclude till we arrive at a conclusion. Must not higher prices immediately act to obstruct the enlarging demand? No, not necessarily, at least for a very long time. The same logic is here in place which I have in Chapter II employed in reference to agriculture, proving that it must hereafter be a more profitable business than heretofore.

The argument is briefly as follows: The population of the world is increasing with great rapidity. All of it must live off earth products, which, of course, include beef. If the fruits of man's toil other than husbandry were to grow in cost as husbandry articles

must, the power of non-agricultural producers to obtain husbandry goods would fall off; but this is not the case. While husbandry commodities are going to be harder and harder to get, other results of toil are as a rule destined to be obtainable at lower and lower cost as the years pass.

The result must be that in spite of the higher cost of beef the ability of nonagricultural producers to obtain beef will not substantially change. The higher prices of beef will, therefore, to all likelihood, not cut down the demand, but (such parts of them as can be saved from the packers) will inure to the advantage of the beef raisers.

I conclude that the production of beef has no dubious or cloudy future, like deep mining, for instance. It will have its ups. and downs, but must in the long run be like the path of the just as depicted in the Good Book. It is an encouraging occupation to engage in. If you are already in it, stay.

CHAPTER X

INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION IN A PRAIRIE STATE

UNLIKE

NLIKE what is called liberal education, which aims straight at personal development, disregarding the nature of studies if only they best drill or store the mind, industrial education is frankly utilitarian. It was originated and is carried on with the direct purpose of assisting men and women to gain a good livelihood-to enrich us in our possessions rather than in our characters.

A survey of industrial education anywhere in this country must reckon with several species of technical schooling, which, though not professedly utilitarian, are nevertheless kept afloat by bread and butter buoys. These forms of education may be distinguished from professional courses on the one hand and from liberal disciplines on the other.

Whether for weal or for woe the last