a supervisor of the activity are made aware of the entry; or

(iii) Maintained locked except during periods when access to the area is required, with positive control over each individual entry.

(3) The controls required by subparagraph (2) of this paragraph shall be established in such a way that no individual will be prevented from leaving a high radiation area.

(4) In the case of a high radiation area established for a period of 30 days or less, direct surveillance to prevent unauthorized entry may be substituted for the controls required by subparagraph (2) of this paragraph.

(5) Any licensee, or applicant for a license, may apply to the Commission for approval of methods not included in subparagraphs (2) and (4) of this paragraph for controlling access to high radiation areas. The Commission will approve the proposed alternatives if the licensee or applicant demonstrates that the alternative methods of control will prevent unauthorized entry into a high radiation area, and that the requirement of subparagraph (3) of this paragraph is met.

(d) Airborne radioactivity areas. (1) As used in the regulations in this part. "airborne radioactivity area" means (1) any room, enclosure, or operating area in which airborne radioactive materials. composed wholly or partly of licensed material, exist in concentrations in excess of the amounts specified in Appendix B, Table I, Column 1 of this part; or (ii) any room, enclosure, or operating area in which airborne radioactive material composed wholly or partly of 11censed material exists in concentrations which, averaged over the number of hours in any week during which individuals are in the area, exceed 25 percent of the amounts specified in Appendix B. Table I, Column 1 of this part.

(2) Each airborne radioactivity area shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol and the words:

CAUTION 1

AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY AREA

(e) Additional requirements. (1) Each area or room in which licensed material is used or stored and which contains any radioactive material (other than natural uranium or thorium) in an amount ex

1 Or "Danger”.

ceeding 10 times the quantity of such material specified in Appendix C of this part shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol and the words:

CAUTION 1

RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL (8)

(2) Each area or room in which natural uranium or thorium is used or stored in an amount exceeding onehundred times the quantity specified in Appendix C of this part shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol and the words:

CAUTION 1

RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL(S)

(f) Containers. (1) Except as provided in subparagraph (3) of this paragraph, each container of licensed material shall bear a durable, clearly visible label identifying the radioactive contents.

(2) A label required pursuant to subparagraph (1) of this paragraph shall bear the radiation caution symbol and the words "CAUTION, RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL" or "DANGER, RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL". It shall also provide sufficient information to permit individuals handling or using the containers, or working in the vicinity thereof, to take precautions to avoid or minimize exposures.

(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, labeling is not required:

(i) For containers that do not contain licensed materials in quantities greater than the applicable quantities listed in Appendix C of this part.

(ii) For containers containing only natural uranium or thorium in quantities no greater than 10 times the applicable quantities listed in Appendix C of this part.

(iii) For containers that do not contain licensed materials in concentrations greater than the applicable concentrations listed in Column 2, Table I, Appendix B of this part.

(iv) For containers when they are attended by an individual who takes the precautions necessary to prevent the exposure of any individual to radiation or radioactive materials in excess of the

2 As appropriate, the information will include radiation levels, kinds of material, estimate of activity, date for which activity is estimated, mass enrichment, etc.

limits established by the regulations in this part.

(v) For containers when they are in transport and packaged and labeled in accordance with regulations of the Department of Transportation.

8

(vi) For containers which are accessible only to individuals authorized to handle or use them, or to work in the vicinity thereof, provided that the contents are identified to such individuals by a readily available written record.

(vii) For manufacturing or process equipment, such as nuclear reactors, reactor components, piping, and tanks.

[25 F.R. 10914, Nov. 17, 1960, as amended at 31 F.R. 10515, Aug. 5, 1966; 34 F.R. 19546, Dec. 11, 1969; 35 F.R. 5033, Mar. 25, 1970] § 20.204 Same: exceptions.

Notwithstanding the provisions of

§ 20.203,

(a) A room or area is not required to be posted with a caution sign because of the presence of a sealed source provided the radiation level twelve inches from the surface of the source container or housing does not exceed five millirem per hour.

(b) Rooms or other areas in hospitals are not required to be posted with caution signs, and control of entrance or access thereto pursuant to § 20.203(c) is not required, because of the presence of patients containing byproduct material provided that there are personnel in attendance who will take the precautions necessary to prevent the exposure of any individual to radiation or radioactive material in excess of the limits established in the regulations in this part.

(c) Caution signs are not required to be posted at areas or rooms containing radioactive materials for periods of less than eight hours provided that (1) the materials are constantly attended during such periods by an individual who shall take the precautions necessary to prevent the exposure of any individual to radiation or radioactive materials in excess of the limits established in the regulations in this part and; (2) such area or room is subject to the licensee's control.

(d) A room or other area is not required to be posted with a caution sign, and control is not required for each entrance or access point to a room or other area which is a high radiation area solely because of the presence of radioactive

For example, containers in locations such as water-filled canals, storage vaults, or hot cells.

materials prepared for transport and packaged and labeled in accordance with regulations of the Department of Transportation.

[25 F.R. 10914, Nov. 17, 1960, as amended at 35 F.R. 5033, Mar. 25, 1970]

§ 20.205 Procedures for picking up, receiving, and opening packages.

(a) (1) Each licensee who expects to receive a package containing quantities of radioactive material in excess of the Type A quantities specified in paragraph (b) of this section shall:

(i) If the package is to be delivered to the licensee's facility by the carrier, make arrangements to receive the package when it is offered for delivery by the carrier; or

(ii) If the package is to be picked up by the licensee at the carrier's terminal, make arrangements to receive notification from the carrier of the arrival of the package, at the time of arrival.

(2) Each licensee who picks up a package of radioactive material from a carrier's terminal shall pick up the package expeditiously upon receipt of notification from the carrier of its arrival.

(b) (1) Each licensee, upon receipt of a package of radioactive material, shall monitor the external surfaces of the package for radioactive contamination caused by leakage of the radioactive contents, except:

(i) Packages containing no more than the exempt quantity specified in the table in this paragraph;

(ii) Packages containing no more than 10 millicuries of radioactive material consisting solely of tritium, carbon14, sulfur-35, or iodine-125;

(iii) Packages containing only radioactive material as gases or in special form;

(iv) Packages containing only radioactive material in other than liquid form (including Mo-99/Tc-99m generators) and not exceeding the Type A quantity limit specified in the table in this paragraph; and

(v) Packages containing only radionuclides with half-lives of less than 30 days and a total quantity of no more than 100 millicuries.

The monitoring shall be performed as soon as practicable after receipt, but no later than three hours after the package is received at the licensee's facility if received during the licensee's normal working hours, or eighteen hours if received after normal working hours.

1 The definitions of "transport group" and "special form" are specified in § 71.4 of this chapter.

(c) (1) Each licensee, upon receipt of a package containing quantities of radioactive material in excess of the Type A quantities specified in paragraph (b) of this section, other than those transported by exclusive use vehicle, shall monitor the radiation levels external to the package. The package shall be monitored as soon as practicable after receipt, but no later than three hours after the package is received at the licensee's facility if received during the licensee's normal working hours, or 18 hours if received after normal working hours.

(2) If radiation levels are found on the external surface of the package in excess of 200 millirem per hour, or at three feet from the external surface of the package in excess of 10 millirem per hour, the licensee shall immediately notify,* by telephone and telegraph, the final delivering carrier and the appropriate Atomic Energy Commission Regulatory Operations Regional Office shown in Appendix D.

(d) Each licensee shall establish and maintain procedures for safely opening packages in which licensed material is received, and shall assure that such procedures are followed and that due consideration is given to special instructions for the type of package being opened. [39 FR 17974, May 22, 1974]

1 The reporting requirements in § 20.205 have been approved by GAO under number B-180 225 (R 0054).

§ 20.206 Instruction of personnel.

Instructions required for individuals working in or frequenting any portion of a restricted area are specified in § 19.12 of this chapter.

[38 FR 22220, Aug. 17, 1973]

§ 20.207 Storage of licensed materials.

Licensed materials stored in an unrestricted area shall be secured against unauthorized removal from the place of storage.

§ 20.301

WASTE DISPOSAL

General requirement.

No licensee shall dispose of licensed material except:

(a) By transfer to an authorized recipient as provided in the regulations in Part 30, 40, or 70 of this chapter, whichever may be applicable; or

(b) As authorized pursuant to § 20.302; or

(c) As provided in § 20.303 or § 20.304, applicable respectively to the disposal of licensed material by release into sanitary sewerage systems or burial in soil, or in § 20.106 (Radioactivity in effluents to unrestricted areas).

[25 FR 10914, Nov. 17, 1960, as amended at 39 FR 27121, July 25, 1974] § 20.302

Method for obtaining approval of proposed disposal procedures. (a) Any licensee or applicant for a license may apply to the Commission for approval of proposed procedures to dispose of licensed material in a manner not otherwise authorized in the regulations in this chapter. Each application should include a description of the licensed material and any other radioactive material involved, including the quantities and kinds of such material and the levels of radioactivity involved, and the proposed manner and conditions of disposal. The application should also include an analysis and evaluation of pertinent information as to the nature of the environment, including topographical, geological, meteorological, and hydrological characteristics; usage of ground and surface waters in the general area; the nature and location of other potentially affected facilities; and procedures to be observed to minimize the risk of unexpected or hazardous exposures.

(b) The Commission will not approve any application for a license to receive licensed material from other persons for disposal on land not owned by the

Federal government or by a State government.

(c) The Commission will not approve any application for a license for disposal of licensed material at sea unless the applicant shows that sea disposal offers less harm to man or the environment than other practical alternative methods of disposal.

[25 FR. 10914, Nov. 17, 1960, as amended at 26 F.R. 352, Jan. 18, 1961; 36 F.R. 23138, Dec. 4, 1971]

§ 20.303 Disposal by release into sanitary sewerage systems.

No licensee shall discharge licensed material into a sanitary sewerage system unless:

(a) It is readily soluble or dispersible in water; and

(b) The quantity of any licensed or other radioactive material released into the system by the licensee in any one day does not exceed the larger of subparagraphs (1) or (2) of this paragraph:

(1) The quantity which, if diluted by the average daily quantity of sewage released into the sewer by the licensee, will result in an average concentration equal to the limits specified in Appendix B, Table I, Column 2 of this part; or (2) Ten times the quantity of such material specified in Appendix C of this part; and

(c) The quantity of any licensed or other radioactive material released in any one month, if diluted by the average monthly quantity of water released by the licensee, will not result in an average concentration exceeding the limits specified in Appendix B, Table I, Column 2 of this part; and

(d) The gross quantity of licensed and other radioactive material released into the sewerage system by the licensee does not exceed one curie per year.

Excreta from individuals undergoing medical diagnosis or therapy with radioactive material shall be exempt from any limitations contained in this section.

(c) Successive burials are separated by distances of at least six feet and not more than 12 burials are made in any year. § 20.305 Treatment or disposal by incin

eration.

No licensee shall treat or dispose of licensed material by incineration except as specifically approved by the Commission pursuant to §§ 20.106(b) and 20.302. [29 FR 14435, Oct. 21, 1964]

RECORDS, REPORTS, AND NOTIFICATION § 20.401 Records of surveys, radiation monitoring, and disposal.

(a) Each licensee shall maintain records showing the radiation exposures of all individuals for whom personnel monitoring is required under § 20.202 of the regulations in this part. Such records shall be kept on Form AEC-5, in accordance with the instructions contained in that form or on clear and legible records containing all the information required by Form AEC-5. The doses entered on the forms or records shall be for periods of time not exceeding one calendar quarter.

(b) Each licensee shall maintain records in the same units used in this part, showing the results of surveys required by 20.201(b), monitoring required by §§ 20.205(b) and 20.205(c), and disposals made under §§ 20.302, 20.303, and 20.304.

(c) Records of individual exposure to radiation and to radioactive material which must be maintained pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section and records of bio-assays, including results of whole body counting examinations, made pursuant to § 20.108 shall be preserved indefinitely or until the Commission authorizes their disposal. Records which must be maintained pursuant to this part may be maintained in the form of microfilms.

[25 F.R. 10914, Nov. 17, 1960, as amended at 35 FR 18110, Nov. 26, 1970; 39 FR 17974, May 22, 1974]

(b) Each licensee who is required to make a telephonic and telegraphic report pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section shall, within 30 days after he learns of the loss or theft, make a report in writing to the Director of Regulatory Operations, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D.C. 20545, with a copy to the Director of the appropriate Atomic Energy Commission Regulatory Operations Regional Office listed in Appendix D, setting forth the following information;

(1) A description of the licensed material involved, including kind, quantity, chemical, and physical form;

(2) A description of the circumstances under which the loss or theft occurred;

(3) A statement of disposition or probable disposition of the licensed material involved;

(4) Radiation exposures to individuals, circumstances under which the exposures occurred, and the extent of possible hazard to persons in unrestricted areas;

(5) Actions which have been taken, or will be taken, to recover the material; and

(6) Procedures or measures which have been or will be adopted to prevent a recurrence of the loss or theft of licensed material.

(c) Subsequent to filling the written report the licensee shall also report any substantive additional information on the loss or theft which becomes available to the licensee, within 30 days after he learns of such information.

(d) Any report filed with the Commission pursuant to this section shall be so prepared that names of individuals who may have received exposure to radiation are stated in a separate part of the report.

[34 FR 7500, May 9, 1969, as amended at 38 FR 1271, Jan. 11, 1973]

(1) Exposure of the whole body of any individual to 25 rems or more of radiation; exposure of the skin of the whole body of any individual of 150 rems or more or radiation; or exposure of the feet, ankles, hands or forearms of any individual to 375 rems or more of radiation; or

(2) The release of radioactive material in concentrations which, if averaged over a period of 24 hours, would exceed 5,000 times the limits specified for such materials in Appendix B, Table II; or

(3) A loss of one working week or more of the operation of any facilities affected; or

(4) Damage to property in excess of $100,000.

(b) Twenty-four hour notification. Each licensee shall within 24 hours notify the Director of the appropriate Atomic Energy Commission Regulatory Operations Regional Office listed in Appendix D by telephone and telegraph of any incident involving licensed material possessed by him and which may have caused or threatens to cause:

(1) Exposure of the whole body of any individual to 5 rems or more of radiation; exposure of the skin of the whole body of any individual to 30 rems or more of radiation; or exposure of the feet, ankles, hands, or forearms to 75 rems or more of radiation; or

(2) The release of radioactive material in concentrations which, if averaged over a period of 24 hours, would exceed 500 times the limits specified for such materials in Appendix B, Table II;

or

(3) A loss of one day or more of the operation of any facilities affected; or (4) Damage to property in excess of $1,000.

(c) Any report filed with the Commission pursuant to this section shall be prepared so that names of individuals who have received exposure to radiation will be stated in a separate part of the report.

[27 FR. 5905, June 22, 1962, as amended at 28 FR 6823, July 3, 1963, as amended at 38 FR 1271, Jan. 11, 1973]