2. Predicate-Nominatives. Nouns and Pronouns. N+ Vrt. I have become a farmer. She was He is a soldier. appointed governess. Man is a bundle of habits and relationss. This aunt Betsy' was the neatest and most efficient piece of human machinery that ever operated in forty places at oncex. Tecumseh's brother was the priest and prophet of the tribes. A poor relation is the most irrelevant thing in nature, an odious approximation, a haunting conscience, a perpetually recurring mortification, a drawback on your rising, a stain in your blood, a drain on your purse, and a more intolerable drain on your prides. 1. The brooks ran nectar. 2. Towards the earth's centre is down". 4. 1 knew it to be him. 3. He is tired of being a loafers. Infinitives.-To venture in was to dies. Their service was, to grind the corn and carry the baggages. The best way to preserve health, is, to be careful about diet and exercises. Clauses.-5. My impression is, that you will succeed. The law should be, that he who can not read should not votex. The excuse was, that the army had not been well enough equipped, that the roads were too bad, and that the supplies were deficient. Inverted and Elliptical.-6. I shall be all anxiety, till I know what' his plans arex. A joy thou art and a wealth to alls. We stand the latest, and, if we fall, the last, experiment' of self-governments. 3. Adjectives. You are studious. N+ V a. She was considered beautiful. Her countenance looked mild and gentle. The question now before Congress, is practical as death, enduring as time, and high as human destiny. Envy is so base and detestable, so vile in its original, and so pernicious in its effects, that the predominance of almost any other passion is to be preferred. Blennerhasset is described as having been amiable and refined, and a passionate lover' of music. To bleach is to make white.-Webster. Correct the heart, and all will go rights.-Porteus. Inverted and Elliptical.-Lovely art thou, O Peace! Large, glossy, and black hung the beautiful fruits. Green's the sod, and cold the clayc. Adverbs. 4. Verbs Modified.-He spoke eloquently. N+Vb. The net was curiously woven. The bird flew rapidly aways. What he did, he did patiently, accurately, and thoroughlyx. 7. Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian springe. The Adjectives Modified.-The work is highly useful. rN+ Vba. well is deep enough. How various, how animated, how full of interest is the surveys! I had never seen any thing quite so beautiful befores. ANALYSIS & PARSING.-1. To nectar, Rule IV is usually applied; but the sense seems to require Rule VII. The brooks were nectar. 2. Toward the earth's centre, noun. So, "For me to go, is impossible." 3. Loafer, nom. absol.; cut off from He by a governing word. 4. For want of a better name, call him a predicate-substantive, not a predicate-nominative. 5. Is, that you will succeed, is the entire predicate; is is the predicate-verb, limited by the explanatory cause that you, etc., which is used here in the sense of a predicate-nominative. 6. All is an adjective belonging to I. 7. Deep, remnant of an adverbial modifier; therefore an adverb. (See Comp. Gram., p. 248.) N. B. "I am here," adv.; "I am near," adj. Very little difference in analogy. Adverbs Modified.—We marched rather slowly. together too soon. You have come al The car runs not quite fast enough. Clauses modifying adverbially. The child seemed to recline on its mother's bosom, as some infant blossom on its parent stem. The cottage stood where the mountain shadows fell when the sun was declining Remember, while you are deliberating, the season now so favorable may pass away, never to return3. When misfortunes overtake you, when sickness assails you, and when friends forsake you, religion will be your greatest comfort. we went, the worse we faredx. Inverted and Elliptical. Up soars the lark, the lyrical poet of the skys. The farther Here, all is confusion; there, all is order and beautye. When young, life's journey I began1. More and more richly the rose-heart keeps glowing, Till from its nourishing stem it is riven. 5. Participles. He walks limping. N+Vp. They lay concealeds. shivered by lightning. He went on his way rejoicing. The oak fell Our recruits stood shivering, and rubbing their hands, in groups on the deck of the boats. Now the bright morning star, day's harbinger, comes dancing from the easts. 6. Infinitives. Verbs Modified.-The child seemed to sleep. rN+ Vi. She was supposed to be rich. He was known to have assisted the editors. Here jasmines spread their silver flowers, to deck the wall or weave the bowers, To curb him, to stand up against him, we want arms of the same kind”. Adjectives Modified.—She is rather young to go to schools. thing not easy to be dones. Pope was not content to please; he desired to excel, and therefore always did his best. It is a Adverbs Modified.—It is too badly done to lasts. It was so bright as to dazzle our eyes. He proceeded too cautiously to fall into such a traps. 7. Adjuncts. Verbs Modified.-I am in trouble. N + V d. Deliver us from evil. You are suspected of having been negligents. Is there not a display or infinite goodness, in the vicissitudes of the seasons?s Religion dwells not in the tongue, but in the hearts or e These two hundred drachmas will, in a little while, rise to four thousands. This will depend on who he is. Adjectives Modified.-Let us be watchful of our libertiess. He is in dolent about every things. They were invincible in arms. Inverted and Elliptical. In the same cradle was I rocked, and by the same maternal hands or c On that plain, in rosy youth, they had fed their father's flockss. One hot summer's morning, a little cloud rose out of the sea, and glided lightly, like a playful child, through the blue sky, and the wide earth; which lay parched and languishing from the long drought. By fairy hands their knell is rungs. Come, go with me the jungle through. According to some ancient philosophers, the sun quenches his flames in the ocean. (Supply To believe, etc.; for the sun does not set according tv, etc.) 8. Clauses. I came that I might assist youx. I am afraid that he will not returnă. He was assured that every thing should be attended tox. This is merely a general class of modifications, including objective clauses, predicatenominative clauses, adverbial clauses, and occasionally a clause that can not well be brought under any one of these three heads. Connectives and independent elements have been sufficiently shown elsewhere. See p. 107 Simple Sentences. Heaven lies about us in The surest A hollow tree sheltered us from the storm.* our infancy. Bad education and bad example increase greatly our natural depravity. All vice infatuates and corrupts the judgment. way to lose power, is to abuse it. London, the capital of England, is the largest and richest city in the world. Italy is noted for its delightful climate, its beautiful scenery, and its historical recollections. He not only forgave him, but sent him home loaded with benefits. George Washington was born in Virginia, on the 22d of February, 1732. shall ask me for a passport at the grave of Washington? is modest, unpretending, and generous. To be without wants, is the prerogative of God only. It is too often the fate of labor, to be oppressed by capital. O blessed Health! thou art above all gold and jewels. Every day sends out, in quest of pleasure and distinction, some heir fondled in ignorance and flattered into pride. Generally speaking, large bodies move slowly.t Cats and dogs catch and eat rats and mice.‡ Who True politeness * This is a simple declarative sentence. The entire subject is A hollow tree; the entira predicate, sheltered us from the storm. Tree is the subject-nominative, modified by the adjective hollow, and hollow tree is modified by the article A. Sheltered is the predicate-verb, modified by the object us, and by the adjunct from the storm. Storm is modified by the article the, and connected to sheltered by the preposition from. This is a simple sentence: the phrase Generally speaking is rather independent, though it stands as the remnant and representative of a dependent clause. This is a simple sentence; notwithstanding it has a compound subject, and a compound predicate with a compound object. Complex Sentences. Ah! who can tell how hard it is to climb The steep where Fame's proud temple shines afar ?* When No pleasure can be innocent from which our health suffers. all is composed and quiet within us, the discharge of our duties is easy. A writer in physic, of the first rank, asserts that our diet is the chief cause of all our diseases. Be not discontented if you meet not with success at first. Beware lest thou sin. Show not your teeth, unless you can bite. I were to blame, were I to do so. As the flower springs and perishes, so does man. The deeper the well, the cooler the water. The value we set upon life, is seen by what we do to preserve it. Whatever is done skillfully, appears to be done well. There is not a more pleasing emotion in the heart than gratitude. I went because I was invited. To chirp is the first sound that a young bird utters. I consider a human soul, without education, like a marble in the quarry; which shows none of its inherent beauties, until the skill of the polisher fetches out the colors, makes the surface shine, and discovers every ornamental cloud, vein, and spot, that runs through it. What that principle of life is which we call soul; how it is distinguished from mere animal life; how it is connected with the body; and in what state it subsists when its bodily functions cease are among those unsolvable questions with which nature everywhere abounds. For additional examples, see pp. 120-9. This is a complex interrogative sentence. The interjection Ah is independent in construction. Who can tell is the principal clause; how hard it is to climb the steep, is the primary dependent clause, which modifies the verb can tell, in the sense of a noun in the objective case; and where Fame's proud temple shines afar, is the secondary dependent clause, modifying steep, in the sense of an adjective. Clauses of Complex Sentences abridged into Fhrases. Dependent clauses can frequently be abridged into absolute phrases, participial phrases, infinitive phrases, or adjuncts. When Cæsar had crossed the Rubicon, Pompey prepared for battle*. Cæsar having crossed the Rubicon, Pompey prepared for battle". Since I had nothing else to do, I went. Having nothing else to do, I went. When I had eaten my dinner, I returned to the store. Having eaten my dinner, I returned to the store. She did not know what she should She did not know what to It was requested that he should He was requested to stay. I begged him that he would go with You will suffer from cold, if you re say. stay. us. I begged him to go with us. say. As we main here. You will suffer from cold, by remaining here. approached the house, we saw that the enemy were retreating. On approaching the house, we saw the enemy retreating. Compound Sentences. At What in me is dark, illumine; what is low, raise and support.* Times change, and we change with them. Connecticut river yields the best shad, and Connecticut girls know best how to cook them. this he laughed, and so did we: the jests of the rich are ever successful. He said nothing more, nor did I. To be content with what is sufficient, is the greatest wisdom; and he who increases his riches, increases his cares; but a contented mind is a hidden treasure which trouble can not find. The son, as well as the father, is expert in business. Strong proofs, not a loud voice, produce conviction. The slothful man is a burden to himself; he loiters about, and knows not what to do; his days pass away like the shadow of a cloud, and he leaves behind him no mark for remembrance; his body is diseased for want of exercise; his mind is darkened, and his thoughts are confused; he wishes for action without the power to move, and longs for knowledge but has no application. rose-I know not how it came there-lay on my book. Man is the rugged lofty pine, That frowns o'er many a wave-beat shore; A This is a compound imperative sentence, consisting of two complex members. The subject of the first member is thou understood; the entire predicate is illumine what in me is dark, and the predicate-verb is illumine, modified by what in me is dark, as the entire object, and by that, comprehended in what, as the simple object; that is modified by the adjunct in me. Which, comprehended in what, is the subject of the dependent clause, and is dark is the predicate. (Thus analyze the rest.) This is a compound declarative sentence, consisting of two complex members, of which the final clause in the latter has a compound predicate. ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCHYARD.* 1. THE Curfew tolls the knell of parting day; 2. Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight, Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight, 3. Save that, from yonder ivy-mantled tower, 4. Beneath those rugged elms, that yew-tree's shade, The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep. 5. The breezy call of incense-breathing Morn, The swallow twittering from the straw-built shed, No more shall rouse them from their lowly bed. 6. For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn, Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share. 7. Oft did the harvest to their sickle yield, Their furrow oft the stubborn glebe has broke; Ilow jocund did they drive their team afield! How bowed the woods beneath their sturdy stroke! Taken from the author's last edition, and carefully compared with the most important editions issued since. (a) See Kerl's Comprehensive Grammar, p. 211. (b) As is generally a relative pronoun, after such, many, or same; and that is a relative pronoun, when it has the sense of whɔ, whom, or which. (c) See Comp. Gram., p. 334. |