Imágenes de páginas
PDF
EPUB

thing more is added; and it connects the words grass and flowers, according to Rule XV.

ABRIDGED. And is a copulative conjunction, connecting grass and flowers, according to rule XV.

"You must either buy mine or sell yours."

"Either" is a conjunction, a word, etc. * * * it corresponds to "or," and assists it in connecting two phrases, according to Rule XV.

"Or" is a conjunction, etc. *** it is alternative, or allows but one of the things offered, to the exclusion of the rest; it here corresponds to "either," and connects two phrases, according to Rule XV.

Parse all the words :

Words Connected.

Learning refines and elevates the mind. It is our duty' to cultivate our hearts and minds. She is amiable, intelligent, and handsome. The silk was light-blue, or sky-colored: it should have been white or black. I, even" I', went.

Phrases Connected.

Through floods and through forests he bounded away.
Death saw the floweret to the desert given,
Plucked it from earth, and planted it in heaven.

Clauses or Sentences Connected.

Eagles generally go alone, but little birds go in flocks. Italian music's sweet because 'tis dear. I know he is in debt, for he said so. If it rain to-morrow, we shall have to remain at home. Sin may give momentary pleasure, yet the pain is sure to follow. Again, every man is entitled to compensation for his services. Whether my brother come or not, I will either buy or rent the farm. Though he is poor, yet he is honest. will pardon you, in smuch as you repent. He was always courteous to wise and gifted men; for he knew that talents, though in poverty, are more glorious than birth or riches [are]. I have no mother, for she died

When I was very young;

But her memory still around my heart,
Like morning light, has hung.

Interjections.

Formula.—An interjection, and why; of what kind; Rule. "Alas! no hope for me remains."

I

A las is an interjection, it expresses an emotion only, and is not connected in construction with any other word; it here implies grief or dejection; and it is used independently, according to Rule XVI.

ABRIDGED.—Alas is an interjection of grief; and it is used independently, according to Rule XVI.

Parse all the words.

O, young Lochinvar is come out of the West. Ah! few shall part where many, meet! O Desdemona'! Desdemona! dead? Dead! Oh! oh! oh!

(Supply art thou and thou art.)

A

[blocks in formation]

Nouns and Pronouns.-Rule I.-Nominatives.

Him and me* are in the same class. You and him had a long dispute. Thee art most in fault. Them are my gloves. I have tasted no better apples than them are. Them that seek wisdom, will find it. Him I accuse, has entered. He whom, etc. Were you and her at the party? Whom, would you suppose, stands head in our class? He promised to employ whomsoever should be sent. I do not think such persons as him [is] competent to judge. There is no better housekeeper than her [is whom] you have dismissed. Did not you see it, as well as me? He is taller than me, but I am as tall as her. Who made the fire?-John and me [made it]. Who swept the room?-Us girls. Who rode in the buggy?-Him and Jane.

The advice of those whom you think are hearty in the cause, must direct you.-Washington. A reward was offered to whomsoever would point out a practicable road.- Walter Scott. Truth is greater than us all.-H. Mann. And goodly sons grew by his side,

But none so lovely and so brave

As him who withered in the grave.-Byron.

* Incorrect: him and me, in the objective case, should be he and 1, in the nominative case, to the verb are,-according to Rule 1st. (Repeat it.)

Observation.-The object of the active verb, and not that of the preposition, should generally be made the subject of the passive verb.

He was

I was offered a seat.* He was offered the control of the school. left a large estate by his uncle. We were shown a sweet potato that weighed 15 pounds. You were paid a high compliment by the young lady.

Mr. Burke was offered a very lucrative'employment.-Prof. Goodrich.

* Incorrect: not I, but seat, should be made the nominative to was offered, according to the Observation under Rule 1st. (Repeat it.) The sentence should be, A seat was offered me Rule II.-Nominatives.

Me* being sick, the business was neglected. Him who had led them to battle being killed, they retreated. Them refusing to comply, I withdrew And me, what shall I do? Her being the only daughter, no expense had been spared in her education. There is no doubt of its being him. He had no doubt of its being me. -that it was I.

Whose gray top shall tremble, Him descending.-Milton.

Incorrect: me, in the objective case, should be 1, in the nominative case,-being used absolutely before being, according to Rule 2d. (Repeat it, and then always state what the corrected sentence should be.)

Rule III.-Possessives.

A mothers* tenderness and a fathers care are natures gifts for man's advantage. His misfortunes awaken nobody's pity, though no ones ability ever went farther for others good. Six months interest remained unpaid. How do you like Douglas' bill? I like Macaulay much better than Alison's style. He disobeyed his father as well as his mother's advice. Do you use Webster or Worcester's Dictionary? Brown, Smith, and Jones's wife, usually went shopping together. I have no time to listen to either John or Joseph's lesson. He was averse to the nation involving itself in war. His father was opposed to him going to California. (Is proper to write it's, her's, our's, or their's?) His curse be on him. He, who knoweth Where the lightnings hide.-Mrs. Sigourney.

Incorrect: mothers should be mother's (with an apostrophe before the 8), according to Rule 3d. (And state how the possessive case is properly formed.)

Obs. 1.-The possessive sign, and the word of, should be used to relieve each other in such a way as will make the sentence most clear and agreeable.

Essex's death haunted the conscience of Queen Elizabeth. Socrates's life and death. Demosthenes'-Demosthenes's orations. For Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's wife. John's brother's wife's sister married a mechanic. The extent of the prerogative of the King of England. Daniel Boone of Kentucky's adventures. The Governor of Pennsylvania's message. He is

Clay the great orator's youngest son. The opinionative man thinks his own opinions better than any one's else opinions—any one else's opinions.

Incorrect: Essex's death should rather be, The death of Essex, according to Obs. 1st, under Rule 3d, etc.

Obs. 2.-When two or more words, taken together, denote but one possessor, or when the same object belongs in common to two or more possessors, the possessive sign is annexed but once, and to the word immediately before the word or phrase denoting what is possessed.

These works are Cicero's, the most eloquent of men's.* Jack's the Giantkiller's wonderful exploits. Call at Smith's, the bookseller's. South of Mason's and Dixon's Line. Send me Andrews' and Stoddard's Latin Grammar. Send me Pope and White's Shakespeare. Morrison's and Price's farms are the next two on the road. Morrison's farm and Price's are, etc. nell's, and Woodward's stores, occupy the next three buildings. men's, women's, and children's lot, to suffer great calamities. son's, and Hardcastle's store is opposite to ours. Allen, Thomson, and Hardcastle's stores, are not joint possessions.

Bond's, BushIt was the Allen's, Thom

* Incorrect: not men, but Cicero only, should have the possessive sign, according to Obs. 2d, under Rule 3d. (Repeat it, and state what the corrected sentence should be.)

Rule IV.-Objectives.

Let him send you and I* to the spring. Let thou and I the battle try. Having dressed hisself, he went to church. Who do you want? Who shall we send? She that is idle and mischievous, reprove sharply. He and they we know, but ye we do not know. Who did you mean? Who did you see? But who have we here? They that treat me kindly, I will treat so too. who is guilty, you should correct; not I, who am innocent.

Who should I meet the other day but my old friend!—Addison.

He

* Incorrect: I, in the nominative case, should be me, in the objective case,-being one of the objects of the verb send,—according to Rule 4th, etc.

Rule V.-Objectives.

There is some pudding left for you and I.* Who is that boy speaking to? To whom, etc. Who was it sent to? Who were you talking with? They who much is given to, will have much to answer for. There was no one in the room, except he. I gave it to somebody; I have forgotten who.

not know who she went with. Who did he send for?-We.

Who does he look like in that dress?-Marlowe.

I do

Incorrect: 1, in the nominative case, should be me, in the objective case,-being one of the objects of for,-according to Rule 5th, etc.

Rule VII.-Same Cases.

They slew Varus, who

It

They slew Varus, he* that was mentioned before.

was him that was mentioned before. It wasn't me; it was him or her.

was them that said so. It could not have been him. Whom do you think it was? Whom do men say that take me to be? It is not me he is in love with.

was it?-Me. Was it him, or me, that you called?

said it was? I knew it was him. I knew it to be he.

I knew it was her. I am? Who do you -not I that- Who Is it him whom you

Incorrect: he, in the nominative case, should be him, in the objective case, to agree with Varus, according to Rule 7th. (Repeat it, and state the corrected sentence, as usual.) Rule IX.-Pronouns.

(Whatever makes a singular or a plural subject, makes also a singular or a plural antecedent. See p. 42.)

Every person should try to improve their* mind and heart. Nobody will ever entrust themselves to that boat again. A person who is energetic and watchful, will be apt to succeed in their undertakings. Will some one of you lend me your umbrella? Many a man looks back on the days of their youth, with melancholy regret. The generals, each in their turn, walked round the coffin. If you have any victuals left, we will help you eat it. I like molasses, when they are clean. The cuckoo lays his eggs in the nest of other birds. The hen looked very disconsolate, when it saw its whole brood rush into the pond. If we deprive an animal of instinct, he will be no longer able to take care of himself. When a bird is caught in a trap, they of course try to get out. Each of the sexes should keep within their proper bounds. To persecute a truly religious denomination, will only make them flourish the better. The people can not be long deceived by its demagogues. I have no interests but that of truth and

virtue. Every herb, every flower, and every animal, shows the wisdom of Him who made them. One or the other must relinquish their claim. If any boy or girl be absent, they will have to go to the foot of the class. he or she— Coffee and sugar are imported from the West Indies; and large quantities of it are consumed annually.

Each occupied their several premises, and farmed their own land.-Thos. Jefferson. -his own- It is our duty to protect this government and that flag from every assailant, be they whom they may.-Senator Douglas. Incorrect: their should be his, to agree with person, according to Rule 9th, etc.

Obs. a. - Who is applied to persons, and generally to personified objects. Which is applied to all objects except persons, and sometimes to persons in asking questions.

That is used in speaking of both persons and things, after the superlative degree, after same, after the interrogative who, or wherever who, which, or what, would be less proper.

Those which are rich, should assist the poor and helpless. So I gave the reins to my horse, who knew the way much better than I did. The horse and rider which we saw, fell in the battle. Was it the wind, or you, who shut the door? It is the best which can be got. Moses was the meekest man whom we read of in the Old Testament. It is the same coach which stopped at the church. I am the same as I was. I gave all what I had. I sent every thing what you ordered. Who is she who comes clothed in a robe of light green? Who of those ladies do you like best? Of all the congregations whom I ever saw, this was certainly the largest. (A congregation is a thing rather than a person.) This lubberly boy we call Falstaff, who is but another name for fat and fun. The heroic souls which defended the Alamo. Humility is one of the most amiable virtues which we can possess. With the return of spring came four martins, who were evidently the same which had been bred under those eaves the previous year.-U. S. Reader.

Incorrect: which should be who, according to Obs. a, under Nouns and Pronouns, etc. (Repeat so much of the Observation as is applicable.)

Obs. b.-Nouns and pronouns should be correctly used in gender and number, according to the sense, and the proper form of the word.

The room

She is administrator.* He was married to a most beautiful Jew. is eighteen foot long, and sixteen foot wide. I measured the log with a pole ten foot long-with a ten-feet pole. The teamster hauled four cord of wood and three ton of hay, in nine hours. Several chimnies were blown down. Some of the first familys. Several potatos. His brother-in-laws were educated at the same college. The Drs. Hunters and the Misses Bartons. The Old and the New Testaments-the Old and New Testament, in one large volume, called the Bible. You may learn the ninth and tenth page-the ninth and the tenth pages, and review the first or second pages. The farm is a long ways from market. We encamped behind a small woods. Let us make a memoranda of it. It was for our sakes that Jesus died upon the cross. Few persons are contented with their lots. The Lee's were distinguished officers in the Revolution.

The heathen are those people who worship idols.—Webster's Spelling-Book. *Incorrect: administrator, the masculine word, should be administratrix, the feminine, -for it evidently denotes a female,-according to Obs. b, under Nouns and Pronouns, etc. + Incorrect: foot, in the singular number, should be feet, in the plural number, to agree with eighteen, according to, etc. But singular in compound adjectives; as, "A two-foot ruler."

Obs. c.-Politeness usually requires, that the speaker shall mention the addressed person first, and himself last.

I, Mary, and you,* are to go next Sunday. horses, I and Martha shall have nothing to ride. must stay at home.

If James and you take the
Mother said that I and you

*Incorrect: 1, Mary, and you, should be, You, Mary, and I, according to, etc.

Obs. d.-Nouns and pronouns should be so construed with other words as not to leave the case or relation uncertain or ambiguous.

The settler here* the savage slew. (Which slew the other?) I would rather give her to thee than another. If the lad should leave his father, he would die. (Repeat the noun.) John told James that his horse had run away. (Vary the sentence.) Lysias promised his father, that he would never forsake his friends. The king dismissed his minister without inquiry, who had never before been guilty of so unjust an action. Where there is nothing in the sense which requires the last sound to be elevated, a pause will be proper. Where the sense has nothing that requires, etc. When a man kills another from malice, it is called murder. -the deed is called murder. This rule is not strictly true, and a few examples will show it. -as a few examples will show. The law is inope-and that it is so, is not right.

rative, which is not right.

And thus the son the fervent sire addressed.-Pope's Homer.

The lord

can not refuse to admit the heir of his tenant upon his death; nor can he remove his present tenant so long as he lives.-Blackstone.

Incorrect: the sentence is ambigaous. It should be, Here the savage slew the settler,→ which was the meaning of the writer,-according to, etc.

Articles.

Obs. 1.-Articles should be chosen or omitted with great care, in order that the proper meaning may be expressed.

A common noun, without an article, denotes the class generally, a part indefinitely, or merely the kind of thing.

The shows that all are meant, or that a particular one or part is meant. A points out but one indefinitely, and implies that there are others.

« AnteriorContinuar »