Zurron-A sack made of leather; Cochineal is packed in zurrones. FRENCH, SPANISH, AND GERMAN SMELTING TERMS. Cp. Copper; Sl. Silver; Ld. Lead; Tn. Tin; Ir. Iron. Abstrich-Gm. sl.; impure brown litharge, in silver refining. Arastre-Sp. sl.; crushing mill. Aspirateur (fourneau)-Fr.; air or wind furnace. Autel-Fr.; the fire bridge of the air furnace. Battitures-Fr.; forge scales of oxide of iron. Bleistein-Gm. ld.; regule from coppery (&c.) lead ores. Blicksilber-Gm. sl.; crude silver, from silvery lead, not quite fine. Brandsilber-Gm. sl.; refined silver, from silvery lead. Brasque-Fr.; lining of close beaten charcoal. Cadmies-Fr.; metallic soot; sublimate. Capelline-Sp. sl.; the iron bell under which the silver amalgam is distilled downward.-See Pina. Carcasses-Fr. sl.; coppery residues of liquiation for silver. Castine-Fr. ir.; limestone. Centner Gm.; proportionate weight of 100; whether pounds, ounces, loths, or graius.-See Loth. Chemise-Fr.; lining of a furnace. Cingler, Cinglage-Fr. ir.; shingling. Crasses-Fr.; clots, dross. Creuset-Fr.; crucible; receiving pit of a furnace. Cuivre Ampoulé―Fr. cp.; crude copper ready for refining called "pimple copper." Cuivre en Grains-Fr. cp.; beanshot copper. Cuivre en Plumes-Fr. cp.; feathershot copper. Cuivre Noir-Fr. cp.; coarse copper for refining. Dame-Fr. ir.; the front hearth stopper of the high blast furnace. Darrlinge-Gm. sl.; copper residue from silvery copper, sweated out by lead. Decrassage-Fr.; skimming, cleaning. Dunnstein-Gm. cp.; poor copper regule. Eclair-Fr.; the "brightening" of fine silver in cupellation. Erzmehle-Gm.; ground ore. Etain en larmes-Fr.; grain tin. Fallung-Gm.; precipitation in watery solution. Floss-ofen-Gm. ir.; the high blast furnace. Fonte-Fr.; cast metal; generally cast iron. Fonte crue-Fr.; fusion of regule from raw ore. Fourneau a manche-Fr.; low blast furnace. Foyer-Fr.; fire-hearth of a furnace; focus, Fraisil-Fr.; broken small charcoal. Frischstuck-Gm. sl.; silvery lead eliquiated from silvery copper ore. Gahreisen—Gm.; the iron rod for drawing the sample. Gahrkupfer-Gm.; refined copper. Gahrost-Gm.; the copper after the last roasting. Gahrproof-Gm.; refining test. Gahrschlag Gm.; refinery slag. Gahrspan-Gm.; the refining assay sample. Gift mehl-Gm.; arsenic soot. Heller-Gm.; a weight, pfennige; about 7 grs. impl.-See Pfennige. Houille Grasse-Fr.; bituminous coal. Houille Seche-Fr.; coal little or not bituminous. Hutte-Gm.; foundery; kiln; smelting furnace. Huttenwerke-Gm.; smelting-house. Kornig-Gm.; grainy, as grob-kornig, coarse-grained. Krummofen-Gm.; low blast furnace. Kupferleg-Gm.; regule from bleistein, roasted with quartzy copper ores, &c.— See Bleistein. Kupferstein-Gm.; regule from coppery lead ores, twice roasted. Laitiers-Fr.; fusible slags. Lama-Sp. sl.; fine ground ore, ore mud. Lingotiere-Fr.; ingot mould. Loth-Gm.: a standard weight about ounce impl. Loupe-Fr. ir.; the ball or bloom from the puddling furnace. Magistral-Sp. sl.; roasted copper ore, for mixing in the amalgam heap. Matte Fr.; regule, melted sulphuret. Mineral-Fr.; ore. Monteros-Sp. sl.; stampers. Monton-Sp. sl.; small heaps of ore mud, for amalgamation. Niederschlag-Gm.; precipitate. Noyer-Fr. sl.; the assay being covered with unabsorbed litharge. Offenbruch-Gm.; metallic soot or sublimate. Paillasse-Fr.; the bed of a furnace. Patio Sp. sl.; amalgamation floor. Pfennige Gm.; a weight, 1-16th loth.-See Loth. Pina-Sp. sl.; piles of amalgam for distilling down the mercury. Plata Pina-Sp. sl.; the porous silver cakes left after distilling down the mercury. Plomb d' Euvre-Fr. sl.; silvery lead for refining. Pocherz-Gm.; poor ore. Poussee-Fr. sl.; fusion with nitre, to scorify the copper, &c., and leave the silver. Rable-Fr.; rabble; a toothless iron rake, for skimming, &c. Raffinage-Fr.; refining. Rafraichissage-Fr. sl.; melting the silvery copper, &c., with lead, to extract the silver. Refractaire-Fr.; fireproof. Ressuage Fr. sl.; sweating out the lead for eliquiating the silver from silvery copper, &c. Reverbere-Fr.; reverberatory (furnace.) Ringard-Fr.; iron rake for stirring melted metal. Rocher-Fr. sl.; the "branching" thrown out by fine silver in cooling. Rohstein-Gm.; copper regule, first fusion. Rondelle-Fr.; the round cake of rosette copper. Rosette-Fr. cp.; refined copper, coated with bright red oxide, by plunging hot into water. Rosten-Gm.; roasting. Rost-stadeln-Gm.; enclosed roasting, sometimes called "case roasting." Rotissage-Fr.; roasting. Rustine-Fr. ir.; backstone of the high furnace hearth. Saigerdorn-Gm. sl.; the coppery residue from darrlinge, (which see,) after sweating out most of the lead. Saigergasse-Gm. sl.; eliquiation gutter, to draw off the eliquiating lead from silvery copper, &c. Saltierra-Sp. sl.; salt earth (containing 12 or 13 per cent. salt) for mixing in the amalgamation heap.-See Torta. Saumons-Fr.; blocks of metal, especially tin. Schachtofen-Ġm. ir.; high blast furnace. Schlacke-Gm.; slag, scoria. Schlackstein-Gm. cp.; very poor regule, chiefly iron and sulphur. Schlamm-Gm.; fine ground ore. Schlich—Gm.; fine ground ore; ore mud. Scories-Fr.; metallic slags. Seigerung-Gm.; eliquiation. Spadele-Fr.; shovel for turning the roasted ore. Speise-Gm.; metallic sediment from cobalt glass, contains nickel. Speissig-Gm.; fibrous, as klar speissig, fine fibrous. Spleiss-ofen-Gm. cp.; split furnace; refining furnace with two receivers. Spurrost-Gm. cp.; regule after three roastings. Spurrstein-Gm.; the spurrost melted. Stahlstein-Gm.; crude steel from the ore. Stofferz-Gm.; pure ore. Stuckofen-Gm.; half-high blast furnace. Tellersilber-Gm. sl.; silver left from distillation of the amalgam. Titre-Fr.; the proportion of precious metal in an alloy. Tole-Fr.; sheet iron. Torta-Sp. sl.; the great flat heap of silver ore, for amalgamation. Trapiche-Sp. sl.; grinding mill. Treibheerd-Gm. sl.; refining furnace. Treibscherben-Gm. sl.; large compact cupells; roasting tests. Trockene Schneidung-Gm.; separation by fire. Trompe-Fr.; water blowing engine. Tuyere-Fr.; tube, blast-pipe. Usine-Fr.; smelting house. Verquicken-Gm.; amalgamation. Verschlacken-Gm.; scorification. Wismuth Graupen-Granular bismuth, eliquiated from the ore. JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE OF THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, FOR THE PROMOTION OF THE MECHANIC ARTS. MAY, 1848. CIVIL ENGINEERING. Annual Report of the Board of Canal Commisioners, for the fiscal year ending November 30, 1837. (Continued from page 226.) The Board respectfully refer to the accompanying report of the superintendent of motive power, for a more detailed statement of the operations of the road. The main line of canal was opened for na vigation, on the 11th of March, and continued in operation, with but few slight interruptions, until the occurrence of the flood of the 7th of October. The Eastern division sustained very little injury from the floods.— Conewago and Stony Creek aqueducts received new superstructures, and were widened. The other necessary repairs mentioned in the last estimates, were all made during the year. The re-building of Clark's Ferry bridge has been completed, at a cost of thirty-six thousand and ninety-eight dollars and fifty seven cents, being eight hundred and seventy-four dollars and eighty-two cents less than the esti mate. The Juniata division suffered more severely from the flood than any other portion of the lines of canal. The river rose thirty-three feet at some points, inundating the canal, washing away the banks, and destroying or materially injuring many of the mechanical structures.Several heavy breaches occurred between the Junction and Millerstown dam. The dam and guard lock were injured, and the sheeves VOL. XV.-3RD SERIES-No. 5,-MAY, 1848. 29 of the rope ferry carried away. From this point to Lewistown the greatest damage received was the destruction of the Thompsontown aqueduct, and the washing away of the towing path, and the filling up of the bottom of the canal, between Mexico and the head of the Long Narrows. From Lewistown to Aughwick dam, the damage was confined to a few breaches in the banks. From Aughwick dam to the head of the line at Hollidaysburg, the greatest injury was sustained. The dams, with one or two exceptions, were more or less damaged; several locks were swept off, and others injured; the aqueducts were either carried away, or so much shattered as to require rebuilding or extensive repairs; and the banks of the canal for miles washed away, and the bottom filled up with the deposit left by the receding waters. The navigation of the upper portion of the division was, as a matter of necessity, closed for the remainder of the season. But as it was practicable to place the lower part of the line in order before the close of navigation, and as it was known that a large amount of tonnage was detained by the breaches from reaching its destination, or waiting their repair to reach a market, it was considered a matter of convenience to the business community, and of public economy, to commence the repairs without delay. A large force was consequently placed on the division between the Junction and Newton Hamilton. The work was prosecuted with vigor, and the repairs so far completed, as to permit the resumption of navigation between these points on the 18th of November, after a suspension of forty days. On the 24th of November the line was visited by another flood, which caused a few breaches, and some injury to the structures under repair, and detained the navigation for three days. This was succeeded by a third flood, on the 12th day of the present month, which did considerable damage to the line, and caused the entire suspension of navigation. The total estimated cost of the damage to the whole division by these floods is two hundred and twenty-two thousand five hundred and thirty-five dollars and sixty-one cents. All the necessary arrangements have been made by the officers on this division to complete the repairs by the middle of February, so as to insure the opening of the entire main line at the earliest period at which the weather will permit in the spring. There can be no doubt of the accomplishment of an object so essential to advance the public interests, if the Legislature make a partial appropriation for repairs at any early day of its session, in advance of the general appropriation bill. The work can be done in time, if the funds be provided at the proper season. A large item of repair expense might be annually saved by substituting slackwater for the present navigation through the Long Narrows, below Lewistown. A dam at the head of these narrows feeds the level which passes through the contracted gorge of the mountain. In times of flood, the waters become compressed at this point, overflow the canal banks, and almost invariably do great damage to the protection wall, the towing path, and the bed of the canal. |