Contents INTRODUCTION ON " Social Aspects of Philadelphia Relief Work." 2 Aim and Purpose of the Digest 3 Personal Requisites for Charitable Work 4 Charity and the Legal Definition of "A Charity.' 5 Incorporated and Unincorporated Charities 6 Charity Organization Movement in England 7 Charity Organization Movement in the United States 8 The Philadelphia Society for Organizing Charity 9 Co-operation and Affiliation of Charities 10 A United Charities' Building an Imperative Need II Training and Education of Workers 13 Out-door Relief vs. Indoor Relief. 14 Pennsylvania Poor Law; Settlement and Residence 15 Board of Commissioners of Public Charities. PAGE. DIGEST OF THE CHARITABLE AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETIES OF PHILADELPHIA. I. GENERAL SOCIETIES AND AGENCIES FOR ADVICE (a) Charity Organization Societies of Philadelphia (b) Other American and Foreign Charity Organization II. ASSOCIATIONS FOR TEMPORARY Relief (Adults) (a) Employment { INTRODUCTION. SOCIAL ASPECTS OF PHILADELPHIA RELIEF-WORK. 1. Charity, New and Old. Charity, in its narrowest sense, is mere almsgiving. It is the dividing of one's substance with another who has no claim to the gift other than that recognized by the general principles of clan and tribal life in earlier times, and that due to societary or humanitarian influences in later times. It has been bestowed wherever human suffering and need have existed, together with inability to cope with their causes. In a broader sense, charity is much more than almsgiving. It cannot stop there; in the majority of cases it must go much farther. It must render precisely the help that helps mostthat which will accomplish the true end of charity, namely: The restoration of the individual, whenever possible, to that normal condition in which he will be able to cope with the causes that made him abnormal. Such charity is educational; it may be as broad as education itself. It calls into service large faculties and powers in the giver. It appeals not merely to the sympathies where it has its roots, but to strong intellectual qualities for its guidance, exercise and fullest development. The first kind of charity is very old. It antedates all economic and sociological theory. It is closely interwoven with the religious history of the race, and owes, in most instances, its incipient promptings and early growth to its connection with various religious systems. Christianity gave it a mighty impetus, but long before Christianity was a power, and even outside the pale of Judaism, there are records of asylums for the aged, relief measures for the poor, and care and protection for children and for the the sick. Man was not originally a highly developed social animal, nor had he made any very great progress as we find him in the earlier periods of recorded history. Bellum omnium contra omnes, was Hobbe's picture of primitive society. Although Hobbe's |