color, and heard the Marseillaise and Ca Ira. population seemed one happy family:

The whole

"Men met each other with erected look,
The steps were higher which they took
Friends to congratulate their friends made haste,
And long inveterate foes saluted as they passed."

Some of the rabble who went from Paris, having driven Charles X. from Paris, returned in the magnificent coronation equipages, and making a pompous entry into the city, alighted at the Palais Royal, shouting, "Hallo! here are your coaches!" Working men with begrimmed faces and naked arms stood sentinels at every door of the palace, some of them armed with guns, others with pikes. The Duchess of Orleans was greatly terrified at this spectacle, which reminded her of the scenes of the first revolution. But Louis Philippe had mustered up his courage, and the smile never ceased to play on his lips. Charles X. was a fugitive with his family, leaving the throne vacant. Yet a few vain formalities discharged; and the Lieutenant-General became King.

cident beautifully described by Dr. O. W. Holmes, of Boston, in the following lines:

"The city slept beneath the moonbeam's glance,

Her white walls gleaming through the vines of France,

And all was hushed, save where the footsteps fell,

On some high tower, of midnight sentinel.
But one still watched, no self-encircled woes
Chased from his lids the angel of repose;
He watched, he wept, for thoughts of bitter years
Bowed his dark lashes, wet with burning tears;
His country's sufferings, and his children's shame,
Streamed o'er his memory like a forest's flame,
Each treasured insult, each remembered wrong,
Rolled through his heart, and kindled into song;
His taper faded, and the morning gales

Swept through the world the war-song of Marseilles ! "

CHAPTER XXIII.

THE new charter was drawn up by Monsieur Berard, but curiously changed by Guizot and De Broglie, ere it was presented to the Chamber of Deputies on the morning of the 7th of August, with the following preamble:

"The Chamber of Deputies, taking into consideration the imperious necessity resulting from the events of the 26th, 27th, 28th, and 29th of July, and from the general situation in which France has been placed in consequence of the violation of the constitutional charter; considering, moreover, that in consequence of that violation and of the heroic resistance of the inhabitants of Paris, the King, Charles X., his Royal Highness Louis Antoine, Dauphin, and all the members of the elder branch of the royal family are at this moment quitting the French territory,—declares that the throne is vacant, de facto and de jure, and that it is indispensably needful to provide for the same."

This preamble was most diplomatically framed, setting forth as it did the elevation of the Duke of Orleans as the compulsory result of events in which it was very possible he had himself taken no part. Charles X. was not expelled from the kingdom; he quitted it, and the Duke of Orleans only ascended the throne because the throne happened to be vacant. Thus, whatever foreign cabinets might have regarded as revolutionary in the Duke's accession, was, of course, cleared up to their satisfaction; that Prince was no longer an usurper, he was the unavoidable continuator of the system of order and peace guaranteed by the monarchical form. It had been the wish of the Duke of Orleans to make Europe believe that he respected in Charles X. a member of the family of inviolable kings, when he sent

commissioners to Rambouillet to protect him against the passions which the Duke himself had excited. Nothing could be better adapted to fulfil the Prince's intentions than the declaration we have just read. It was adopted almost without opposition.*

*

Having washed the usurpation from the eyes of Europe, it was necessary to make the people believe that an indissoluble compact was to be entered into between them and the throne, by which their rights were to be protected. Some articles of the old charter were therefore cancelled, others hurriedly altered, and as it began to grow late before this superficial revision was finished, it was decided to make provision by special laws, to be enacted in the shortest possible time, for the following subjects:- Trial by jury for political offences - the responsibility of ministers - the reelection of deputies who had taken office the annual voting of the army estimates - the national guard - the position of military and naval officers departmental and municipal institutions public instruction and liberty of teaching the determination of the conditions of electoral qualification and eligibility.

One more article was necessary to complete this hurried contract which was to bind France to the "Throne of the Barricades." Lafitte read it.

66 Together with the adoption of these provisions and propositions, the Chamber of Deputies finally declares, that the general and urgent interest of the French people calls to the throne His Royal Highness, Louis Philippe, of Orleans, Duke of Orleans, Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, and his heirs for all the future, in the male line, according to the law of primogeniture, with exclusion of the female line and its heirs.

"In accordance with the foregoing, His Royal Highness, Louis Philippe of Orleans, Duke of Orleans, Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, will be invited to accept and swear to the foregoing

*Louis Blanc's History of Ten Years.