across the whole town. I opposed this, and we changed our direction, but without going back through the streets. We passed a little wooden bridge of a few planks without rails; there the mob cried to throw them into the river, and endeavored, by putting sticks across, to make them fall into the water. I again reminded them of their promise, and they became quiet.

"When we were about a mile out of the town, some of the country people came running down the hill, and threw themselves upon us, calling out, 'Hang or drown the two rascals!' One of them seized one of the poor wretches by the coat, and the crowd rushing in, forced away the mayor and M. d'Albis. I remained alone with M. Dubois, and we endeavored to make the peasant loose his hold. I held one of the men by one hand, and with the other endeavored to free the coat. At last one of the national guard arrived to our assistance, and by force cleared the man. The crowd was still increasing. It is but justice to the people of Vendôme to say that they kept their word, and tried to induce the peasants to do no violence to the men. Seeing, however, that if I continued my march, some misfortune must inevitably occur, I cried we must take them to prison, and then all the people cried, 'To prison! to prison!' Some voices cried, They must ask pardon of God, and thank M. de Chartres for their lives.' That was soon done, and we set out for the prison. As we went along, one man came forward with a gun, and said to us, 'Stand out of the way while I fire on them.' Believing that he was really about to fire, I rushed forward in front of my two men, saying, 'You shall kill me first.' As the man was welldressed, M. Pieyre said to him, 'But how can you act so?' 'I was only joking,' says the man; my gun is not charged.' We again continued our way, and the two men were lodged in the prison."

As Louis Philippe was returning to his quarters the next day, after parade, a peasant came to him with a basket of

fruit, which he begged him to accept in token of his gratitude, saying, "I am the man who, yesterday, in a transport of rage, sought to kill Father Paul. I have come to ask your pardon, to thank you for having prevented my committing so great a crime, and I hope you will not refuse my fruit." Two other extracts from Louis Philippe's journal record an equally creditable action :

saved a man's life, or This evening, after

“August 3. Håppy day! I have rather have contributed to save it. having read a little of Pope, Metastasio, and Emile, I went to bathe. Edward and I were dressing ourselves, when I heard cries of Help, help, I am drowning!" I ran immediately to the cry, as did Edward, who was farther. I came first, and could only see the tops of the person's fingers. I laid hold of that hand, which seized mine with indescribable strength, and by the way in which he held me, would have drowned me, if Edward had not come up and seized one of his legs, which deprived him of the power of jumping on me. We then got him ashore. He could scarcely speak, but he nevertheless expressed great gratitude to me as well as to Edward. I think with pleasure on the effect this will produce at Bellechasse. I am born under a happy star! Opportunities offer themselves in every way; I have only to avail myself of them! The man we saved is one M. Siret, an inhabitant of Vendôme, sub-engineer in the office of roads and bridges. I go to bed happy!"

August 11. Another happy day. I had been invited yesterday to attend at the Town-House with some non-commissioned officers and privates. I went to-day, and was received with an address; there a letter was then read from M. Siret, who proposed that the municipal body should decree that a civic crown should be given to any citizen who should save the life of a fellow-creature, and that, in course, one should be presented to me. The municipal body adopted the proposition, and I received a crown amidst the applause of a numerous assembly of spectators. I was

very much ashamed. I nevertheless expressed my gratitude as well as I could."

His journal also shows that while pursuing his military avocations, he was a diligent student, as for instance:

66

Yesterday morning at exercise. On returning from parade, I undressed, and read some from Hénault, Sternheim, and Mably. Dined, and after dinner read some from Ipsiple, Matastasio, Heloise, and Pope. At five to the riding-school; and afterwards read Emile."

The reports of Louis Philippe to the National Assembly are well written, and exhibited in a strong light the liberal political views of the privates, while the monarchical prejudices of a majority of the officers were glossed over by praise of their attention to their duties. So strongly were a majority of these young men, (mostly, like Louis Philippe, members of aristocratic families,) attached to the old forms of government, that when the new oath of allegiance required by the National Assembly was received, only seven out of twenty-eight signed it. Nothing but the known radical sentiments of "Colonel L. P. Egalité" saved the regiment from being disbanded, but so long as he was in command, and continued to enjoy the respect and confidence of his men, the National Assembly could reckon the 14th dragoons among its staunchest defenders.

Although the foreign powers had liberally promised to aid Louis XVI. in re-establishing his government, and the emigrants at Brussels and Coblentz talked largely, nothing was done. The royal family endeavored to escape, but were brought back to Paris captives. The Austrian cabinet persuaded Leopold to refrain from any hostile demonstration - Spain, fearing that any military movement might expose. the royal family to greater dangers, not only recalled her troops ordered to the frontier, but prevented an expedition against Marseilles, in which the knights of Malta were to assist with two frigates-Pitt was unwilling to send any aid from England - Gustavus of Sweden was too far dis

tant Catherine of Russia, who was to join him in an expedition, had but just conquered the Turks, and now had Poland to reduce, and the emigrants, unsupported, could only linger about the frontier and issue proclamations. To keep them in check, the National Assembly ordered its most reliable troops into the field, and the 14th dragoons were, in August, 1791, removed to Valenciennes, where they were quartered during the winter,- Louis Philippe, as senior officer of the garrison, commanding the place.

Louis XVI., imprisoned in his own capital, found that he had committed a great error in depending upon aid from abroad, and when, by the death of Leopold, the temporizing policy of European diplomacy was no longer opposed to the contagion of new ideas, there was only one course for the unfortunate monarch to pursue. That was, to place himself at the head of the war party. Dumouriez proposed hostilities at the council of Ministers, and induced the King, as if by the hand of fatality itself, to propose them to the Assembly. "Then the people," said he, "will credit your attachment, when they behold you embrace their cause, and combat kings in their defence."

trust

It was a hard task for Louis XVI. to thus declare against his allies, whose only offence was a determination to protect and support his emigrant relatives and their adherents in their attempts to sustain the inviolability of the throne, but he had not the genius to resist the popular current ing himself to its course, it bore him to the scaffold. Encouraged by Dumouriez, (who was the intimate friend of Madame de Genlis,) he unexpectedly entered the National Assembly on the 20th of April, 1792, and after his minister had made a detailed report of the regulations with Austria, made a short address in a faltering voice, proposing an immediate declaration of war. It was received with enthusiasm, not only by the Assembly, but by the war-loving people, and in a week thousands of troops were on their way to the frontier, under the command of Lafayette, Rochambeau, and Biron.

CHAPTER IV.

LOUIS PHILIPPE having been detached to General Biron's division, which was to move from Valenciennes upon Mons, masking the advance of the main army under Lafayette against Liege, the Duke of Orleans obtained permission to serve in it as a volunteer, with his other two sons, the youngest of whom was only thirteen years of He had previously sent his daughter to England with Madame de Genlis, "to withdraw her from the influence of a woman," as he termed the Duchess, "whose opinions were not in accordance with his own."

age.

General Biron, who commanded the division of ten thousand men, in which the Orleans family were thus comrades, had participated in many a debauch at the Palais Royal, and was attached to the Duke, though he was too noble hearted to join in his plots. Known at the court of Marie Antoinette as the handsome Duke of Lauzun, he had renounced his title when he embraced the popular cause, but, young and chivalrous, he carried aristocratic honor into the republican camp. Lamartine describes him as one who, loved by the soldiers, adored by the ladies, at his ease in the tent, a rake at court, was of that school of sparkling vices of which Marshal Richelieu had been the type in France. It is even said that the queen herself was enamored of him, without being able to fix his inconstancy.

The campaign was opened on the 20th of April, 1792, and Louis Philippe gained his first laurels at Bossu, where the advanced guard of two dragoon regiments under his command put double their numbers to flight. The division was equally successful at Quaragnon and Quirevain, but on arriving before Mons, which was guarded by a weak Aus