that the sacrifice was not accepted; if it were a pledge, so vast a one was not required from him; if it were a concession to his safety, he paid too dearly for his life. Already assailed by the Girondists, scarcely tolerated by Robespierre, client of Danton, if he had refused any thing to the Mountain it would have demanded his head. He had not even elevation of soul to offer to it. Robespierre himself, in returning in the evening to Duplay's house, and conversing on the sentence passed on the king, seemed to protest against the Duc d'Orléans' vote. 'The miserable man,' said he; 'he was only required to listen to his own heart, and make himself an exception: he would not, or dare not do so. The nation would have been more magnanimous than he!'"

Four days afterwards he saw his noble victim stripped and bound upon the scaffold of the guillotine, and heard him say, in his clear, sonorous voice: "People, I die innocent of the crimes which are imputed to me! I pardon the authors of my death! I pray that my blood may not fall upon France!" Here the drums were ordered to beat, and a long roll drowned the voice of the King and the sympathetic murmurs of the multitude. The assistants seized

- it was

their victim and bound him to the fatal plank thrown back between the grooves in which a bright axe descended the head fell, and a noble soul was returned to its Creator by the hands of the executioner. "Son of Saint Louis," ejaculated the attendant priest, "ascend to Leaven!"

The executioner exhibited the head to the people, holding it by the hair, and sprinkling the blood which dropped from it about on the handkerchiefs held to receive it. The bands of confederates opened the veins of the headless corpse to dip the points of their swords in the blood of a King, and then marched through Paris shouting "Live the Republic." The dynasty of the Capets fell a victim to the war spirit which it had inspired in the heart of its subjects — the bells

which had pealed forth joyous notes in honor of their triumphs, rang as merrily when Louis XVI. was beheaded the oft victorious cannon of the Guards informed the environs that royalty was immolated in the person of that King to whom the artillery-men had sworn allegiance! What were their echoes in the heart of the Duke of Orleans.

Dumouriez was at Paris on this bloody day, shut up in the Rue de Clichy with Danton, to concert a plan for bringing his army against Paris to overawe the Assembly, and place Louis Philippe at the head of the government. In a few weeks his troops hailed his return, and he is represented as treating them like a parent restored to his children, adding respect to the affection he knew so well how to inspire, by the martial severity of his reprimands. Of 45,000 well disciplined men, eighteen battalions were placed under the command of Louis Philippe, who had acquired new eulogiums and deserved praise at the siege of Maestricht under General Miranda, a Peruvian.

The Prince of Coburg concentrated his force of 60,000 men behind the village of Neerwinden, on the 18th of March, 1793, and Dumouriez determined to trust the chances of a battle to the impetuosity of his troops, hoping to take the enemy by surprise. Louis performed his part gallantly, carrying the village at the point of the bayonet, and after the Austrians took possession of it again, reoccupying it after a second engagement more desperately contested than the first. But the wings of the French were completely routed, and would have been totally destroyed, had not Louis Philippe, by extraordinary courage, succeeded in holding the enemy in check. His horse was killed under him, and he had two sabre combats, in both of which he disabled his adversary. Throughout the night he remained in the saddle, and by rallying the troops, prevented the reverse of fortune which Dumouriez and his army experienced, from becoming still more disastrous to the French army.

On the evening of the 22d, Dumouriez had an interview with General Mack, of the Austrian army, ostensibly for the purpose of concluding an armistice, but with the real view of advancing the cause of Louis Philippe. Thiers accounts for his conduct by the dark prospect of the career he was pursuing. If, a few months before, he foresaw success, glory and influence, in commanding the French. armies, and if this hope rendered him more indulgent towards revolutionary violence- now, beaten, stripped of his popularity, and attributing the disorganization of his army to this same violence, he viewed with horror the disorders which he might formerly have regarded only with indifference. Bred in courts, having seen with his own eyes how strongly organized a machine is requisite to insure the durability of a State, he could not conceive that insurgent citizens were adequate to an operation so complicated as that of Government. In such a situation, if a general, at once a warrior and a statesman, holds the power in his hands, he can scarcely fail to conceive the idea of employing it to put an end to the disorders which haunt his thoughts and even threaten his person. The son of the deceased King was too young to be called to the throne, nor did regicide admit of so prompt a reconciliation with the dynasty. The two Generals agreed that Louis Philippe was the man.

A delegation was sent to Dumouriez by the Assembly, but he refused to receive their representatives, and held several interviews with Mack. A second party, who brought an order for his arrest, were themselves arrested, and on the morning of the 4th of April, 1793, he set out with his staff to seek in foreign lands safety from a guillotine already saturated with the blood of the good and the brave. A division of volunteers commanded by Marshal Davoust met, endeavored to stop them, and when they galloped across the fields, commenced firing upon them. Dumouriez had his horse killed, but Félicité Fernig dismounted and gave him hers. They all escaped, and repaired to the Austrian headquarters at Mons.

A few days afterwards Lasource indirectly accused Danton in the Assembly of having participated in the designs of Dumouriez to re-establish royalty. "I demand," said he, "that a commission be named to discover and punish the guilty. The people have seen the throne and the capitol, let them now behold the Tarpeian rock and the scaffold. I demand moreover that Egalité and Sillery be arrested and to prove to the Nation that we will never make terms with a tyrant, I demand that we all swear the death of him who shall attempt to make himself King or Dictator." The whole Assembly rose and took the oath.

A stormy debate took place, in which all factions endeavored to clear themselves of the accusations of Orleansism, and to condemn the Duke for his son's defection, which afforded a pretext to the demagogues for the execution of their former leader. When Louis Philippe's letters to his father were first read in the Assembly, it was decreed, that Sillery, father-in-law of General Valence, one of Dumouriez's officers, and Philippe Egalité, should be watched, and not permitted to leave Paris. Sillery, says Lamartine, sacrificed by his friends, the Girondins, did not address a single reproach to them. "When it is in agitation to punish traitors," said he, turning toward the bust of the first of the Brutuses which decorated the hall, 'if my son-in-law be guilty, I am here before the image of Brutus." And he inclined his head as a man who accepted an example and knew his duty. "And I also," exclaimed the Prince, stretching out his hand toward the image of the Roman judge and murderer of his son, "if I am guilty, I ought to be punished; if my son be guilty, I behold Brutus!" He obeyed the decree without a murmur. Whether he had foreseen the price of his services, whether he had comprehended his false position in a republic which he disturbed in bowing to it, or whether his mind, wearied with agitation, had attained that impassability of minds without resource, the Duke of Orleans displayed neither astonishment nor weakness be

fore the ingratitude of "La Montagne." He held forth his hand to his colleagues; they refused to touch it, as if they feared the suspicion of familiarity with this great proscribed. He surrendered himself, escorted by two gendarmes, to his palace, now become his prison. Innocent or culpable, the Duke of Orleans embarrassed the two parties.

The Duke was sent to the fort of Notre-Dame-de-laGarde, a citadel built on a hill commanding Marseilles, with the Count of Beaujolais, his youngest son, the Duchess of Bourbon, his sister, and the Prince of Conti, his uncle. The Duke of Montpensier had been arrested in Italy, where he was on service, and the father and sons met in prison one year from the day on which they had congratulated each other on Louis Philippe's success at Jemappes, in the latter's tent.

Lamartine speaks of the Duke of Orleans, at Notre-Damede-la-Garde, as contemplating "the dispersion of his relatives and his own fall as a spectacle to which he was really a stranger. Whether it were from a feeling that great revolutions devour their apostles, or whether a species of philosophy, without hope and without regret, caused him to receive as an inert being the shocks of destiny, his sensibility was only aroused by the paternal feelings, which seemed to survive last in his heart. He inhabited at first the same apartment as his two sons; he had the liberty of walking with them upon the terrace of the fort, whence his eyes, free at least, cast themselves from the height of the rock over the vast horizon of the Mediterranean, and down upon the motion and turmoil of Marseilles. On the fourth day of his detention, administrators and the officers of the National Guards entered his chamber at the moment when he was at breakfast with his two children."

"They intimated to him the order of separation from the Duke of Montpensier, whom they removed alone to another stage of the fortress. 'As to the youngest of your children,' said the officer charged with the execution of this