treaty of Brownstown in 1808, to enable the United States to make a road on the line just mentioned. The General Government never moved in the business, until February, 1823, when Congress passed an act, making over the aforesaid lands to the State of Ohio; provided she would, within four years thereafter, make and keep in repair, a good road throughout the aforesaid route of 46 miles. This road the State Government has already made; and obtained possession of, and sold most if not all of the land.

Turnpike lands, are forty-nine sections, amounting to 31,360 acres, situated along the western side of the Columbus and Sandusky turnpike, in the eastern parts of Seneca, Crawford and Marion counties. They were originally granted by an act of Congress, on the 3d of March, 1827, and more specifically by a supplementary act, the year following. The considerations for which these lands were granted, were that the mail stages and all troops and property of the United States, which should ever be moved and transported along this road, shall pass free from toll.

The Ohio canal lands, are lands granted by Congress to the State of Ohio to aid in constructing her extensive canals. These lands comprise over one million of acres.

School lands. By compact between the United States and the State of Ohio, when the latter was admitted into the Union, it was stipulated, for and in consideration that the State of Ohio should never tax the Congress lands, until after they should have been sold five years, and in consideration that the public lands would thereby more readily sell, that the one thirty-sixth part of all the territory included within the limits of the State, should be set apart, for the support of common schools therein. And, for the

purpose of getting at lands, which should, in point of quality of soil be on an average with the whole land in the country, they agreed that it should be selected, by lot, in small tracts each, to wit: that it should consist of section number 16, let that section be good or bad, in every township of Congress lands; also in the Ohio Company's, and in Symmes' purchases; all of which townships are composed of 36 sections each; and for the United States' military lands, and Connecticut Reserve, a number of quarter townships, 24 miles square each, (being the smallest public surveys therein, then made,) should be selected by the Secretary of the Treasury, in different placesthroughout the United States' military tract, equivalent in quantity, to the one thirty-sixth part of those two tracts respectively. And for the Virginia military tract, Congress enacted that a quantity of land equal to the one thirty-sixth part of the estimated quantity of land contained therein, should be selected by lot, in what was then called the "New Purchase," in quarter township tracts of three miles square each. Most of these selections were accordingly made; but, in some instances by the carelessness of the officers conducting the sales, or from some other cause, a few sections 16 have been sold; in which case, Congress, when applied to, has generally granted other lands in lieu thereof; as for instance, no section 16 was reserved in Montgomery township, in which Columbus is situated; and Congress, afterwards granted therefor, section 21, in the township cornering thereon to the southeast.

College townships, are three six miles square townships, granted by Congress; two of them to the Ohio Company, for the use of a college to be established within

their purchase, and one for the use of the inhabitants of Symmes' purchase.

Ministerial Lands. In both the Ohio Company's and in Symmes' purchase, every section 29, (equal to one thirty-sixth part of every township,) is reserved, as a permanent fund for the support of a settled minister. As the purchasers of these two tracts came from parts of the Union where it was customary and deemed necessary to have a regular settled clergyman in every town, they therefore stipulated in their original purchase, that a permanent fund, in land, should thus be set apart for this purchase. In no other part of the State, other than in these two purchases, are any lands set apart for this object.

Salt Sections. Near the centre of what is now Jackson county, Congress originally reserved from sale, thirtysix sections, or one six mile square township, around and including what was called the Scioto salt licks; also one quarter of a five mile square township in what is now Delaware county; in all, forty-two and a quarter sections, or 27,040 acres. By an act of Congress of the 28th of December, 1824, the Legislature of Ohio was authorized to sell these lands, and to apply the proceeds thereof to such literary purposes, as said Legislature may think proper; but to no other purpose whatever.

Questions-Give the history and extent of the Donation tract. Of the Symmes' purchase. What reservations did the Government make? Give the history and extent of the Refugee tract. Of the French grant. Of Dohrman's grant. Of the Moravian lands. Of Zane's tracts. Of the Maumee road lands. Of the Turnpike lands. Of the Canal lands. Of School lands. Of College townships. Of Ministerial lands. Of Salt sections.

CHAPTER XV.

THE VALLEYS OF OHIO.

It is quite common in referring to different sections of the State to designate them as "Valleys."

For the purpose of considering the capabilities of different localities, with reference to agriculture, the Hon. John H. Klippart, secretary of the state board of agriculture, has divided the State into districts, designating them and defining their limits as follows:

I. Miami Valley, consisting of the counties of Butler, Brown, Champaign, Clarke, Clermont, Clinton, Darke, Green, Hamilton, Logan, Miami, Montgomery, Preble, and Shelby.

II. Maumee Valley, consisting of Allen, Auglaize, Crawford, Defiance, Fulton, Hancock, Henry, Lucas, Mercer, Ottowa, Paulding, Putnam, Sandusky, Seneca, Van Wert, Williams, Wood, and Wyandot counties.

III. Scioto Valley, consisting of Adams, Delaware, Fayette, Franklin, Hardin, Highland, Jackson, Madison, Marion, Morrow, Pickaway, Pike, Ross, Scioto, and Union counties.

IV. Muskingum Valley, consisting of Ashland, Carroll, Coshocton, Guernsey, Harrison, Holmes, Knox, Licking, Muskingum, Morgan, Noble, Richland, Stark, Tuscarawas, Washington, and Wayne counties.

V. Western Reserve, consisting of Ashtabula, Cuya

hoga, Erie, Geauga, Huron, Lake, Lorain, Mahoning, Medina, Portage, Summit, and Trumbull counties.

VI. Hocking Valley, consisting of Athens, Fairfield, Gallia, Hocking, Lawrence, Meigs, Perry, and Vinton counties.

VII. The river counties, not belonging to any river system other than the Ohio, are Belmont, Columbiana, Jefferson and Monroe.

Questions-Name the seven districts of the State as designated by the secretary of the state board of agriculture. What counties are embraced within the Miami Valley? The Maumee Valley? The Scioto Valley? The Muskingum Valley? The Western Reserve? The Hocking Valley? The River counties?

CHAPTER XVI.

THE COAL FIELDS of oHIO-IRON ore.

The counties wholly covered with coal are Mahoning.. Columbiana, Stark, Holmes, Tuscarawas, Carroll, Jefferson, Harrison, Belmont, Guernsey, Coshocton, Muskingum, Perry, Noble, Morgan, Monroe, Washington, Athens, Meigs, Gallia, Lawrence, and nearly all of Jackson. All the counties of which the eastern or southeastern parts only are covered with coal, are Trumbull, Portage, Summit, Medina, Wayne, Licking, Fairfield, Hocking, Vinton, and Scioto. There are also some outliers or small detached basins in Wayne, Ashland, Richland, and Knox counties.