Appearance and Mode of Existence.-His Defects and Virtues, Likings and Antipathies.—Croker.—Sadler.-Zachary Macaulay's Circumstances. -Description of the Family Habits of Life in Great Ormond Street.- Macaulay's Sisters.-Lady Trevelyan.-" The Judicious Poet."-Macau- lay's Humor in Conversation.-His Articles in the Review.-His Attacks on the Utilitarians and on Southey.-Blackwood's Magazine.-Macaulay is made Commissioner of Bankruptcy.-Enters Parliament.-Letters State of Public Affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament.-His Maiden Speech. The French Revolution of July, 1830.-Macaulay's Letters from Paris.--The Palais Royal.-Lafayette.-Lardner's Cabinet "Cy- clopedia."-The New Parliament Meets.-Fall of the Duke of Welling- ton.-Scene with Croker.-The Reform Bill.-Political Success.-House of Commons Life.-Macaulay's Party Spirit.-London Society.-Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis.-Visit to Cambridge.-Rothley Temple.-Mar- garet Macaulay's Journal.-Lord Brougham.-Hopes of Office.-Mac- aulay as a Politician.--Letters to Lady Trevelyan, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Macaulay is Invited to stand for Leeds.-The Reform Bill passes.-Mac- aulay appointed Commissioner of the Board of Control.—His Life in Of- fice.-Letters to his Sister.-Contested Election at Leeds.-Macaulay's Bearing as a Candidate.-Canvassing.-Pledges.-Intrusion of Religion into Politics. -Placemen in Parliament. - Liverpool. - Margaret Mac- aulay's Marriage.—How it Affected her Brother.-—He is Returned for Leeds.-Becomes Secretary of the Board of Control.-Letters to Lady Trevelyan. Session of 1832.-Macaulay's Speech on the India Bill.—His Regard for Lord Glenelg.-Letters to Lady Trevelyan.-The West In- dian Question.-Macaulay resigns Office. He gains his Point, and re- sumes his Place.-Emancipation of the Slaves.-Death of Wilberforce.— Letters to Lady Trevelyan.-Macaulay is appointed Member of the Su- preme Council of India.-Letters to Lady Trevelyan, Lord Lansdowne, and Mr. Napier. Altercation between Lord Althorp and Mr. Sheil. Macaulay's Appearance before the Committee of Investigation.--He sails The Outward Voyage.-Arrival at Madras.-Macaulay is summoned to join Lord William Bentinck in the Neilgherries. His Journey Up-coun- try.-His Native Servant.-Arcot.-Bangalore.-Seringapatam.—As- cent of the Neilgherries.-First Sight of the Governor-general.-Letters to Mr. Ellis and the Miss Macaulays.-A Summer on the Neilgherries.— Native Christians.-Clarissa.-A Tragi-comedy.—Macaulay leaves the Neilgherries, travels to Calcutta, and there sets up House.-Letters to Mr. Napier and Mrs. Cropper.-Mr. Trevelyan.-Marriage of Hannah Macaulay.-Death of Mrs. Cropper.-Macaulay's Work in India.-His Minutes for Council.-Freedom of the Press.-Literary Gratitude.- Second Minute on the Freedom of the Press.-The Black Act.-A Cal- cutta Public Meeting.-Macaulay's Defense of the Policy of the Indian Government.-His Minute on Education. He becomes President of the Committee of Public Instruction.-His Industry in discharging the Func- tions of that Post.-Specimens of his Official Writing.-Results of his Labors. He is appointed President of the Law Commission, and recom- mends the Framing of a Criminal Code.-Appearance of the Code.— Comments of Mr. Fitzjames Stephen.-Macaulay's Private Life in India. ---Oriental Delicacies.-Breakfast-parties.--Macaulay's Longing for En- gland.-Calcutta and Dublin.-Departure from India.-Letters to Mr. LIFE AND LETTERS OF LORD MACAULA Y. CHAPTER I. 1800-1818. Plan and Scope of the Work.-History of the Macaulay Family.-Aulay.— Kenneth.-Johnson and Boswell.-John Macaulay and his Children.Zachary Macaulay.-His Career in the West Indies and in Africa.--His Character. Visit of the French Squadron to Sierra Leone.--Zachary Macaulay's Marriage.-Birth of his Eldest Son.-Lord Macaulay's Early Years. His Childish Productions.-Mrs. Hannah More.-General Macaulay. Choice of a School.-Shelford.-Dean Milner.-Macaulay's Early Letters.-Aspenden Hall.—The Boy's Habits and Mental Endowments.-His Home.-The Clapham Set.-The Boy's Relations with his Father. The Political Ideas among which he was brought up, and their Influence on the Work of his Life. He who undertakes to publish the memoirs of a distinguished man may find a ready apology in the custom of the age. If we measure the effective demand for biography by the supply, the person commemorated need possess but a very moderate reputation, and have played no exceptional part, in order to carry the reader through many hundred pages of anecdote, dissertation, and correspondence. To judge from the advertisements of our circulating libraries, the public curiosity is keen with regard to some who did nothing worthy of special note, and others who acted so continuously in the face VOL. I.-2. of the world that, when their course was run, there was little left for the world to learn about them. It may, therefore, be taken for granted that a desire exists to hear something authentic about the life of a man who has produced works which are universally known, but which bear little or no indication of the private history and the personal qualities of the author. This was in a marked degree the case with Lord Macaulay. His two famous contemporaries in English literature have, consciously or unconsciously, told their own story in their books. Those who could see between the lines in "David Copperfield" were aware that they had before them the most delightful of autobiographies: and all who knew how to read. Thackeray could trace him in his novels through every stage in his course, on from the day when as a little boy, consigned to the care of English relatives and school-masters, he left his mother on the steps of the landing-place at Calcutta. The dates and names were wanting: but the man was there; while the most ardent admirers of Macaulay will admit that a minute study of his literary productions left them, as far as any but an intellectual knowledge of the writer himself was concerned, very much as it found them. A consummate master of his craft, he turned out works which bore the unmistakable marks of the artificer's hand, but which did not reflect his features. It would be almost as hard to compose a picture of the author from his "History," his "Essays," and his "Lays," as to evolve an idea of Shakspeare from "Henry the Fifth" and "Measure for Measure." But, besides being a man of letters, Lord Macaulay was a statesman, a jurist, and a brilliant ornament of society, at a time when to shine in society was a distinction which a man of eminence and ability might justly value. In these several capacities, it will be said, he was known well, and known widely. But in the first place, as these pages will show, there was one side of his life (to him, at any rate, the most important) of which even the persons with whom he mixed most freely and confidentially in London drawing-rooms, in the Indian council - chamber, and in the lobbies and on the benches |