1859 1866 The total number at the end of the year 1832, (9,) compared to that of 1859, (56,) confirms the real-schools as favorite offsprings of the century. But the realschools of the 2d order, since 1859, show less stability than the gymnasiums. The real-school opened at Warrendorf in 1835, first becomes a middle school in 1845, again a real-school, (1855,) and again a gymnasium in 1856. Of these, also, like of all other secondary schools, we find only Protestant ones in Brandenburg and Pomerania; in 1832 both had had not yet any of this class. Brandenburg erects 13, (six of which in Berlin,) one of which becomes a gymnasium. Pomerania establishes six real-schools, of which, in 1857-8, three become gymnasiums. In the provinces of Prussia, Silesia, and Saxony, we find many mixed schools with the Evangelical institutions. In Westphalia some are Catholie, and Catholic and mixed real-schools are in Posen and the Rhine provinces; but the greater number of them are attended also by Protestant pupils. Mixed real-schools have proved capable of life, but no Catholic one existed as early as 1832. Most of the real-schools of the second order are in the provinces of Prussia and Saxony. The increase in the total number of Evangelical real-schools is very considerable; nearly 250 per cent. in less than seven years. The one Catholic school at Münster, which existed in 1859, has been preserved, but no new one added to it, nor do we find any Catholic real-schools of the second order. Of mixed realschools there were 6 in 1859, to which three have been added. Often real-schools are parallel classes to a gymnasium, but since 1859 only in Evangelical schools. While the real-schools, first order, show a stability equal to that of gymnasiums, and sometimes excelling the latter, the real-schools of the second order show great changes, and some have but a short-lived existence. But the decrease in number is due, in most instances, to their being raised to the first order. Realschools of the second order are sometimes parallel classes to gymnasiums, but only in Evangelical schools. D.—Higher burgher-schools.-No schools of this class existed in 1859. Since then 26 have been established, of which one was changed into a real-school of the first order, so that their present number is 25. There are now, in 1866, 56 real-schools of the first order, of which 46 are Evangelical, 1 Catholic, and 9 mixed; 11 of the second order, of which 10 are Evangelical and 1 mixed; 25 burgher-schools of the highest class, of which 21 are Evangelical, 2 Catholic, and 2 mixed. The grand total of real-schools is 92, of which 77 are Evangelical, 3 Catholic, and 12 mixed. The number of real-schools has increased in all provinces. The greatest increase is in the Rhine province, 14; Brandenburg, 9; Westphalia, 5; Pomerania, 3; Silesia, 2; and the other provinces 1 each. Of all classes of secondary schools there were July 1, 1866, as follows: Or, of 271 schools 154 are gymnasiums, 25 progymnasiums, 56 real-schools of the first order, 11 real-schools of the second order, and 25 higher burgher-schools. Among the religious confessions the Evangelical schools outnumber the others by far; but the Catholic and mixed schools have so increased under the Prussian administration that any complaints of governmental neglect are unfounded. II. ATTENDANCE. In reviewing the attendance of pupils at secondary schools, the years 1832, 1853-54, 1859-'60, and 1863 are compared. The number of graduates of gymnasiums entitled by the maturity examination to admission at universities was, in 1820, 590; in 1863, 1,805. The total number of pupils in 1863 in 172 gymnasial institutions and 83 realschools (including higher burgher-schools) was 66,135, under 3,349 teachers. III.-TEACHERS. The number of candidates for teacher at secondary schools, who passed satisfactorily the examination pro facultate docendi, during the period from 1839 to 1863 is 2,583. Of these 1,807 were Protestants, 736 Catholics, and 40 Jews. Specially qualified for instruction in religion, 225; ancient languages, 972; modern languages, 213; German literature, 291; history, 320; mathematics, 562. Among them were 224 not natives of Prussia. At the gymnasiums and progymnasiums were engaged 168 directors, 589 chief teachers, 170 theologians, 868 ordinary teachers, 170 scientific assistant teachers, 287 technical teachers, 136 elementary teachers-total, 2,388 teachers. At the real-schools and higher burgher-schools, 72 directors, 185 chief teachers, 65 theologians, 384 ordinary teachers, 61 scientific assistant teachers, 120 technical teachers, 100 elementary teachers--total, 987 teachers. The salaries of teachers at gymnasiums in 1866 amounted to 1,379,473 thaler, those of teachers at real-schools to 523,897 thaler-total salaries of teachers at secondary schools, 1,903,370 thaler. IV. INCOME AND EXPENDITURES. Of the secondary schools, 72 are exclusively royal, 95 exclusively supported by cities, 12 derive their income from private foundations, and the others from various sources. All charge tuition fees. The expenditure for gymnasiums and progymnasiums in 1864 amounted to 1,937,399 thaler, of which were raised by tuition fees, 817,774 thaler; by private endowments, 61,795 thaler; by the commune, 208,483 thaler; by state endowments, 230,368 thaler; by state treasury, 271,547 thaler. Real-schools and higher burgher-schools show a total expenditure of 635,785 thaler. Raised by tuition fees, 385,281 thaler; by private endowments, 13,482 thaler; by the commune, 192,563 thaler; by state endowments, 3,436 thaler; by state treasury, 13,871 thaler. Tuition fees vary from to 33 thaler per year, according to the class attended by pupils. SCHOOL ARCHITECTURE. PART II. PLANS FOR GRADED SCHOOLS.. PRELIMINARY REPORT. THE following Illustrations of Buildings recently erected for Graded Schools in several of the principal cities of the country, are selected from a much larger number in possession of the Commissioner of Education, for many of which he is indebted to the Superintendents of Public Schools in these cities, who have in this way responded most promptly and liberally to his Circular (No. 9,) on the subject. A particular acknowledgment will be made in his full Report. |