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TITA. I have a venturous fairy that shall seek The squirrel's hoard', and fetch thee new nuts.

Bor. I had rather have a handful, or two, of dried peas. But, I pray you, let none of your people stir me; I have an exposition of sleep come upon me.

TITA. Sleep thou, and I will wind thee in my

arms.

Fairies, be gone, and be all ways away 2.

So doth the woodbine, the sweet honeysuckle3,

The squirrel's HOARD,] Hoard is here employed as a dissyllable. STEEVENS.

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- and be ALL WAYS away.] i. e. disperse yourselves, and scout out severally, in your watch, that danger approach us from no quarter. THEOBALD.

The old copies read—“ be always."

bald. MALONE.

Mr. Upton reads:

And be away-away. JOHNSON.

Corrected by Mr. Theo

Mr. Heath would read-and be always i' the way.

3 So doth the woodbine, the sweet honeysuckle, Gently entwist, the FEMALE ivy so

STEEVENS.

Enrings the barky fingers of the elm.] What does the woodbine entwist? The honey-suckle. But the woodbine and honeysuckle were, till now, but two names for one and the same plant, Florio, in his Italian Dictionary, interprets Madre Selva by woodbine or honie-suckle. We must therefore find a support for the woodbine as well as for the ivy. Which is done by reading the lines thus:

So doth the woodbine, the sweet honey-suckle,
Gently entwist the maple; ivy so

Enrings the barky fingers of the elm.

The corruption might happen by the first blunderer dropping the p in writing the word maple, which word thence became male. A following transcriber, for the sake of a little sense and measure, thought fit to change this male into female; and then tacked it as an epithet to ivy. WARBURTON.

Mr. Upton reads:

So doth the woodrine the sweet honey suckle, for bark of the wood. Shakspeare perhaps only meant, so the leaves involve the flower, using woodbine for the plant, and honeysuckle for the flower; or perhaps Shakspeare made a blunder.

JOHNSON.

Gently entwist,-the female ivy1 so
Enrings the barky fingers of the elm.

The thought is Chaucer's. See his Troilus and Cresseide, v. 1236, lib. iii.:

"And as about a tre with many a twist

"Bitrent and writhin is the swete woodbinde,

"Gan eche of hem in armis other winde."

The

What Shakspeare seems to mean, is this-So the woodbine, i. e. the sweet honey-suckle, doth gently entwist the barky fingers of the elm, and so does the female ivy enring the same fingers. It is not unfrequent in the poets, as well as other writers, to explain one word by another which is better known. reason why Shakspeare thought woodbine wanted illustration, perhaps is this. In some counties, by woodbine or woodbind would have been generally understood the ivy, which he had occasion to mention in the very next line. In the following instance from Old Fortunatus, 1600, woodbind is used for ivy :

"And, as the running wood-bind, spread her arms
"To choak thy with'ring boughs in her embrace."

And Barrett in his Alvearie, or Quadruple Dictionary, 1580, enforces the same distinction that Shakspeare thought it necessary to make:

"Woodbin that beareth the honey-suckle." STEEVens. This passage has given rise to various conjectures. It is certain, that the wood-bine and the honey-suckle were sometimes considered as different plants. In one of Taylor's Poems, we have"The woodbine, primrose, and the cowslip fine, "The honisuckle, and the daffadill."

But I think Mr. Steevens's interpretation the true one. The old writers did not always carry the auxiliary verb forward, as Mr. Capell seems to suppose by his alteration of enrings to enring. So, Bishop Lowth, in his excellent Introduction to Grammar, p. 126, has without reason corrected a similar passage in our translation of St. Matthew. FARMER.

Were any change necessary, I should not scruple to read the weedbind, i. e. similax: a plant that twists round every other that grows in its way.

In a very ancient translation of "Macer's Herball, practysed by Docter Lynacre," is the following passage: "Caprifolium is an herbe called woodbynde or withwynde, this groweth in hedges or in woodes, and it wyll beclyp a tre in her growynge, as doth yvye, and hath white flowers." STEEVENS.

In Lord Bacon's Nat. Hist. Experiment 496, it is observed, that there are two kinds of "honey-suckles, both the woodbine and trefoil," i. e. the first is a plant that winds about trees, and

O, how I love thee! how I dote on thee !

[They sleep.

the other is a three-leaved grass. Perhaps these are meant in Dr. Farmer's quotation. The distinction, however, may serve to shew why Shakspeare and other authors frequently added woodbine to honey-suckle, when they mean the plant and not the grass.

TOLLET.

The interpretation of either Dr. Johnson or Mr. Steevens removes all difficulty. The following passage in Sicily and Naples, or The Fatal Union, 1640, in which the honeysuckle is spoken of as the flower, and the woodbine as the plant, adds some support to Dr. Johnson's exposition:

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as fit a gift

"As this were for a lord,

-a honey-suckle,

"The amorous woodbine's offspring."

But Minshieu in v. Woodbinde, supposes them the same: "Alio nomine nobis Anglis Honysuckle dictus." If Dr. Johnson's explanation be right, there should be no point after woodbine, honeysuckle, or enrings. MALONE.

Mr. Gifford observes that these lines may be illustrated by a passage in Ben Jonson's Vision of Delight:

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Behold

"How the blue bind weed doth itself infold

"With honeysuckle!"

"The woodbine of Shakspeare, (he remarks) is the blue bindweed of Jonson. In many of our counties the woodbine is still the name for the great convolvolus." BoswELl.

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the FEMALE ivy -] Shakspeare calls it female ivy, because it always requires some support, which is poetically called its husband.

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So Milton:

led the vine

“To wed her elm she spous'd, about him twines

:

"Her marriageable arms

"Ulmo conjuncta marito."

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Platanusque calebs

Catull.

"Evincet ulmos." Hor. STEEVENS.

Though the ivy here represents the female, there is, notwithstanding, an evident reference in the words enrings and fingers, to the ring of the marriage rite. HENLEY.

In our ancient marriage ceremony, (or rather, perhaps, contract,) the woman gave the man a ring, as well as received one from him. To this custom the conduct of Olivia (See TwelfthNight, Sc. ult.) bears sufficient testimony:

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A contract of eternal bond of love, &c.
"Strengthened by interchangement of your rings."

STEEVENS.

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OBE. Welcome, good Robin. See'st thou this sweet sight?

Her dotage now I do begin to pity.

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,

For meeting her of late, behind the wood,
Seeking sweet savours for this hateful fool,
I did upbraid her, and fall out with her :
For she his hairy temples then had rounded
With coronet of fresh and fragrant flowers;
And that same dew, which sometime on the buds
Was wont to swell, like round and orient pearls,
Stood now within the pretty flourets' eyes
Like tears, that did their own disgrace bewail.
When I had, at my pleasure, taunted her,
And she, in mild terms, begg'd my patience,
I then did ask of her her changeling child;
Which straight she gave me, and her fairy sent
To bear him to my bower in fairy land.
And now I have the boy, I will undo
This hateful imperfection of her eyes.

And, gentle Puck, take this transformed scalp
From off the head of this Athenian swain ;
That he awaking when the other do',

Sweet SAVOURS ] Thus Roberts's quarto, and the first folio. Fisher's quarto reads-favours; which, taken in the sense of ornaments, such as are worn at weddings, may be right. STEEVENS.

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flourets' EYES,] The eye of a flower is the technical term for its center. Thus Milton, in his Lycidas, v. 139:

"Throw hither all your quaint enamel'd eyes." STEEVENS. 7 That he awaking when the OTHER do,] Such is the reading of the old copies, and such was the phraseology of Shakspeare's age; though the modern editors have departed from it.-So, in King Henry IV. P. I.: and unbound the rest, and then came in the other."

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Again, in King Henry IV. P. II.: "For the other, Sir John, let me see," &c.

So, in the epistle prefixed to Pierce Pennilesse his Supplication to the Devil, by Thomas Nashe, 4to. 1592: "I hope they will

May all to Athens back again repair ;

And think no more of this night's accidents,
But as the fierce vexation of a dream.
But first I will release the fairy queen.

Be, as thou wast wont to be;

[Touching her eyes with an herb.

See, as thou wast wont to see:

Dian's bud o'er Cupid's flower

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Hath such force and blessed power.

Now, my Titania; wake you, my sweet queen. TITA. My Oberon! what visions have I seen! Methought, I was enamour'd of an ass.

OBE. There lies your love.

TITA.

How came these things to pass?

O, how mine eyes do loath his visage now!

OBE. Silence, a while.-Robin, take off this head.— Titania, musick call; and strike more dead

Than common sleep, of all these five the sense o. TITA. Musick, ho! musick; such as charmeth

sleep.

PUCK. Now, when thou wak'st, with thine own fool's eyes peep.

give me leave to think there be fooles of that art, as well as of all other." MALONE.

8 Dian's bud O'ER Cupid's flower-] The old copies read-or Cupid's. Corrected by Dr. Thirlby. The herb now employed is styled Diana's bud, because it is applied as an antidote to that charm which had constrained Titania to dote on Bottom with "the soul of love." MALONE.

Dian's bud, is the bud of the Agnus Castus, or Chaste Tree. Thus, in "Macer's Herball, practysed by Doctor Lynacre, translated out of Laten into Englysshe," &c. bl. 1. no date: "The vertue of this herbe is, that he wyll kepe man and woman chaste," &c. Cupid's flower, is the Viola tricolor, or Love in idleness. STEEVENS.

9 of all these FIVE the sense.] The old copies read—these fine; but this most certainly is corrupt. My emendation needs no justification. The five, that lay asleep on the stage were Demetrius, Lysander, Hermia, Helena, and Bottom.-Dr. Thirlby likewise communicated this very correction. THEOBALD.

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