Seeley probably was, is just on the boundary between New York and New Jersey. It lay on a principal highway, and had long been used as a camping ground. In 1778 Washington had headquarters at Tappan; he came there again in 1780 upon a very sad errand, when a court of inquiry met to determine the guilt of Major John André. There October 2, 1780, he was executed as a spy. Colonel Seeley was evidently in charge of the road leading from Dobbs Ferry to Tappan, since among the Washington letters in the Library of Congress is a draft of one dated the same day as yours, addressed to Col. Sylvanus Seeley at Dobbs Ferry. By York Island there can be no doubt Manhattan Island is indicated.

We have been unable to find anything personal about Colonel Seeley. He was a captain in 1776 of the New Jersey militia; promoted to a majority May 23, 1777; to a colonelcy in November of the same year. He was apparently never on the Continental establishment, but was a brave and trusted militia officer. As for Colonel Dayton, it is not easy to determine whether the one mentioned was Col. Elias Dayton or his more famous son Jonathan. The former commanded New Jersey regiments throughout the war, and at its close was made brigadier general. Jonathan Dayton was at the surrender at Yorktown; he may have been with Lafayette in Virginia before Washington marched south. He was one of the New Jersey representatives in the constitutional convention of 1787; in Congress from New Jersey, 1791-1799, part of the time as speaker; senator from New Jersey, 1799 to 1805.

THE EAST SHORE OF LAKE MICHIGAN

Is there any special book or books or records of any kind dealing with the history of the east shore of Lake Michigan? Were there any early explorers aside from Marquette who coasted up this shore? La Salle went only to the mouth of the St. Joseph, I believe. Do you know any reason why the Muskegon River should appear on Franquelin's map of 1684 as "Riviere des Iroquois?"

KENNETH G. SMITH, Lansing, Mich.

In answer to your queries we know of no book that deals particularly with the east shore of Lake Michigan. It was a route not as much followed as the west shore; at first probably for fear

of the Iroquois, later because of currents and the availability of winds. Marquette's is the first recorded voyage, although we are of opinion that Jolliet in the autumn of 1673 and spring of 1674 did some exploring in that region. This cannot be proved; it is merely inferred from his maps. The next recorded voyage is that of Tonti, when he came to join La Salle in 1679 at the mouth of the St. Joseph. You will find his account in Kellogg, Early Narratives, 288-289, very brief indeed! No other voyage on this shore during the seventeenth century seems to have been made for fear of the Iroquois, who were from 1680 to 1701 on the warpath against the western tribes. That also answers your second question, concerning the name. There are several place names in the West taken from Iroquois battles; Iroquois Point just beyond the Sault St. Marie as one enters Lake Superior, named for a battle in 1653; Iroquois River in Illinois, tributary to the Kankakee, named for some ambuscade or raid of the Iroquois from New York. We do not know what events gave Franquelin the name Iroquois River; there were many raids in the years between 1680 and 1684, so that it is not difficult to account for the name. You can find secondary accounts both in Parkman's La Salle, and in his Frontenac.

One of the earliest descriptions of a voyage on the east coast of Lake Michigan is that of Father Pierre Francois Xavier Charlevoix on his voyage of exploration in 1721. He mentions the Pere Marquette, the St. Nicholas, the Black rivers, and describes the shore. It is difficult to find this account in English; there has been no complete English edition since the translations of 1761 and 1763.

EARLY HISTORY OF ALGOMA

Please send me what material you have on the history of the city of Algoma in Kewaunee County.

FRANK R. SNYDER, Casco

Algoma was known until 1897 as Ahnapee, an Indian word which meant when, or when it happened. There was an Algoma just above Oshkosh, which was later incorporated into that city. It is a generic name for the Algonquian people. There are Algomas in Michigan, in Canada, and perhaps in other places.

Ahnapee was settled first from Manitowoc; one Joseph McCormick is said to have explored the region as early as 1834, but the first settlers came in 1851. Edward Tweedale was an Englishman who built the first house on this site in 1851; there his son William A. was born in September, the first native of Ahnapee. By Christmas there were three families present, who celebrated the day with a huge salt-pork pie. A sailing vessel called the Citizen plied between this port and Manitowoc. In 1852 came Abraham Hall and two years later his brother Simon Hall, who built the first mill and opened in 1855 the first store. By 1856 the steamboat Cleveland began landings at this port and settlers came in very fast. By 1860 there were 718 in what is now Ahnapee Township, and in 1870 this number had increased to 1544. In 1871 terrible fires spread through this region; nevertheless it quickly recovered and in 1873 the village was incorporated. Harbor improvements began in 1876, and by 1880 $100,000 had been expended. The place became a city in 1879; its first mayor was Samuel Perry. There were five churches here at this time. The settlers were of many nationalities: English, Bohemians, Germans, Irish, Dutch, Danes, and Belgians, as well as Americans. By 1880 the city had a population of 978, increased to 1015 in 1890. It touched 2082 in 1910, and in 1920 had 1911 inhabitants. The first newspaper was established in 1873, called the Ahnapee Record. The first railway, the Ahnapee and Western, came in about 1892, and by 1894 was extended to Sturgeon Bay.

This community is still so young that many of the first settlers must be yet living. It would be well to gather remembrances of early days.

WHITNEY'S MILLS

I am trying to locate an old town in Wisconsin, which evidently has been absorbed by some other community, for it does not appear in any index or atlas I have consulted. During 1857 it was called Whitney Mills and was in the vicinity of the Wisconsin River near Dodgeville.

It is the birthplace of an old lady who is now eighty-five years of age. Her maiden name was Emmeline Henshaw Whitney and her family held large tracts of land; hence, the family name was used to designate their holdings.

Her relatives are anxious to drive to her old home this summer and take pictures of the beautiful country which she left in 1857 to journey west to California.

ADELE H. MAZE, Oak Park, Ill.

The Whitneys were among the first Americans in Wisconsin. Daniel Whitney, who came from New Hampshire to Green Bay in 1819, was one of the most enterprising men of pre-territorial times. Between 1825 and 1830 he built a shot tower on the lower Wisconsin, in what is now known as Tower Hill Assembly Grounds, a tract of land lately owned by Jenkin Lloyd Jones, whose widow has given it to the state for a park. This very interesting relic of early Wisconsin is most easily reached from Spring Green, on the opposite side of the river. We think that the lady whom you mention was the daughter of Daniel Whitney's nephew, David B. Whitney, born in 1804 in New Hampshire. He came to Wisconsin to go into partnership with his uncle, and died at Helena, August 29, 1838. You will find mention of him in Wis. Hist. Colls. xiii, 349, note. It is stated there that he was a cousin of Daniel Whitney; the Whitney genealogy shows that he was a nephew, son of his brother Samuel, and that he married Maria Wright, who married again after his death and went to California. Whitney's Mills, however, was some distance from Helena and the shot tower. You will see on page 345 of Wis. Hist. Colls. xiii, that an English visitor in 1835 found David Whitney at Helena; but when John Wilson came late that same year to be manager of the shot tower, David Whitney had removed his wife and family to Whitney's Mills on the upper Wisconsin, where Daniel Whitney of Green Bay had secured in 1830 a mill privilege in what was then Indian territory. He built there in 1831-32 a sawmill, one of the first if not the very first on the Wisconsin River. This place was called Whitney's Mills, and is described as seventy miles above Portage, just below Point Bas. Point Bas is in Saratoga Township of Wood County, about six miles below Grand Rapids or, as the city is now called, Wisconsin Rapids. An old map of Wisconsin in 1839 shows "Whitney's Mill" on the east side of the river not far above the present dividing line between Wood and Adams counties. It may have been opposite the present Nekoosa or

just below that place. Probably old settlers would know what portion of the river went by the name of Whitney's Rapids.

BEGINNINGS IN PRICE COUNTY

Our class would like to obtain information about this part of Wisconsin (Price County). We are required to write about the local history of our community and would appreciate any information you are able to give. ELVING C. OLSON, Spirit

Price County is the watershed between the Wisconsin and Chippewa rivers; through all this region the primitive Indians roamed, chiefly those of the Chippewa tribe. Soon after the discovery of the Northwest by the French, traders began to seek out these Indians. There is, however, no record of a fur trading post nearer than Lac du Flambeau. As the fur trade was the earliest industry, lumbering was the next to develop. During the decades of the sixties and seventies of the nineteenth century lumbermen penetrated farther and farther into northern Wisconsin. One of the big operators who had risen in the trade was William T. Price, who afterwards went to the legislature and in 1879 was president of the state senate. About that time the Wisconsin Central Railroad was being built, so in that year several ranges and townships were detached on the one side from Chippewa County, and on the other from Lincoln County, and erected into a new county, called by the name of the president of the senate.

The Wisconsin Central Railroad received a grant of government land including alternate sections within twenty miles of its line. In 1879 its land agent, Mr. Kent K. Kennan, was sent to Europe to advertise the lands, and in 1880 he was likewise appointed state agent for immigration. He had an office at Basle, Switzerland, and sent out many pamphlets which induced a large immigration from Bavaria and other parts of southern Germany. Many of these immigrants had seen service in the Franco-Prussian War, and were eager to come to the United States to escape further warfare. Others came to better themselves and to make homes for themselves and their children. There must be many of these older pioneers still living in your