IT is also of high moment with respect to morals, as rural employments have a natural tendency to promote simplicity of manners, a love of peace, public order, and private tranquillity.

THE cultivation of the earth, its returns for the skill and labour bestowed upon it, the varieties and properties of its products, the contribution of the elements under a superintending Providence to these benefits, the changes of seasons and their ef fects, the beautiful alterations of scenery made by art surrounding the designer with a sort of creation by his own hands, an acquaintance with the several kinds and qualities of animals, and the gradual* improvement of circumstances by the regular application of industry to the honest acquisition of necessaries and conveniences, all conspire, by habit and reflection, the pleasures of the understanding mingling with attentions to laborious employments,to render a farmer at the same time a kind of philosopher; by his domestic comforts to extend the circle of social enjoyments; till by continual enlargement it embraces his country, enclosing all the heart-felt ties of relatives,, friends, neighbours, and fellow-citizens. Public happiness arises from private virtue.

"The mind of man is more refreshed and exhilarated by his going forward in small things than by standing still in great."

Lord chancellor Bacon, sermones fideles.

(1) "THE seeds of war are chiefly sown by those whose wisdom and moderation, characteristic of their rank and station, ought to compose and assuage the impetuous passions of the multitude.

"THE people, despised as they are, are the very persons who originally raise great and fair cities to their proud eminence; who conduct the commercial business of them entirely; and, by their excellent management fill them with opulence.

"INTO these cities, after they are raised and enriched by plebeians, creep the satraps and grandees, like so many drones into a hive; pilfer what was earned by the industry of others; and thus, what was accumulated by the labor of the many, is dissipated by the profligacy of the FEW; and what was built by PLEBEIANS on upright foundations, is levelled to the ground by cruelty and royal or patrician injustice.

"IF the military transactions of old time are not worth remembrance, let him who can bear the

loathsome employ, only call to mind the wars of the last twelve years; let him attentively consider the causes of them all, and he will find them ALL to have been undertaken for the sake of kings: all of them carried on with incalculable detriment to the people; while, in most instances, the people had not the smallest concern in their origin or their issue.

" BUT, among christians, as if shame had fled from earth, clergymen, solemnly consecrated to God, are often among the first to inflame the minds of both king and people, to blood and devastation. Preachers, the guides of ourlives, do not blush, to become the instigators, the very firebrands of war against which Christ, from whom they all pretend to derive all the authority they can have, expressed his utter detestation.

"A very few years ago, when the world labouring under a deadly fever, was rushing headlong to arms, the gospel trumpeters blew a blast from the pulpit and inflamed the wretched KINGS of Europe to a paroxism, running as they were fast enough of themselves, into a state of downright insanity.

"THE reverend fathers--forgetting their personal and professional dignity, were--continually adding virulence to the disease of the world, by 2 S

VOL. II.

loathsome employ, only call to mind the wars of the last twelve years; let him attentively consider the causes of them all, and he will find them ALL to have been undertaken for the sake of kings: all of them carried on with incalculable detriment to the people; while, in most instances, the people had not the smallest concern in their origin or their issue.

"BUT, among christians, as if shame had fled from earth, clergymen, solemnly consecrated to God, are often among the first to inflame the minds of both king and people, to blood and devastation. Preachers, the guides of ourlives, do not blush, to become the instigators, the very firebrands of war, against which Christ, from whom they all pretend to derive all the authority they can have, expressed his utter detestation.

"A very few years ago, when the world labouring under a deadly fever, was rushing headlong to arms, the gospel trumpeters blew a blast from the pulpit and inflamed the wretched KINGS of Europe to a paroxism, running as they were fast enough of themselves, into a state of downright insanity.

THE reverend fathers--forgetting their personal and professional dignity, were--continually adding virulence to the disease of the world, by