4th, on which his death happened in 1226, was FRANCIS, Dr. Philip, more distinguished as appointed as his festival. His order soon rose a translator than as an original writer. His to great splendour, and has done prodigious ser-versions of Horace and Demosthenes have been vice to the Roman pontiffs. justly valued: the former is perhaps as complete and useful a work of its kind as hath yet appeared. He was also the author of two tragedies, "Eugenia," and "Constantia;" but, as a dramatic writer, not very successful. He died in 1773.

FRANCIS DE SALES, a Romish saint, was bishop of Geneva, and founder of the order of the visitation. He is said to have converted 70,000 protestants before his death, which happened in 1622. He was canonized by pope Alexander

VI.

FRANCIS, James Charles, an eminent French engraver, died in 1769.

FRANCIS XAVIER, the great coadjutor of Ignatius Loyola, was born at Xavier, at the foot FRANCIS, sir Philip, was a member of the of the Pyrenees, in 1506; and was sent one of English parliament, and an active promoter of the earliest missionaries to the East Indies; for the articles of impeachment of Warren Hasthis zeal and ability in which undertaking, he ob- ings. He has been considered by some as the tained the appellation of the Apostle of the In-author of Junius' Letters; he died in 1818. dies. He died in 1552, and was canonized in 1622, FANCISCA, or FRANCES, a Roman lady, by Gregory XV. who founded a convent at Rome, and was canonized in 1608; she was born in 1384.

FRANCIS, of Lorraine, emperor of Germany, married a daughter of the emperor Charles VI., and was associated with his wife in the empire till 1745, when he was elected emperor. He was a patron of literature and the arts, as well as of commerce; he died suddenly in 1675.

FRANCIS I., king of France, succeeded Lewis XII. on the French throne, in 1515. He is known as the rival and opponent of the emperor Charles V., with whom he was involved in war, during almost his whole reign, with various success, and to whom he was, at one time, a prisoner, with his two sons; also, as the patron of literature and the arts. He died at Rambouillet, in 1547.

FRANCIUS, Peter, professor of rhetoric, and oratory at Amsterdam, his native city; he died in 1704.

FRANCK, George, a native of Naumburg, received a poetic crown, at the age of 18, for his Latin, Greek, German, and Hebrew poetry. He was professor of medicine at Heidelberg and Wittemburg, and died in 1704.

FRANCK, Augustus Herman, of Lubeck, professor of oriental languages, and of divinity at Halle, was distinguished for his benevolence and piety; he died in 1727.

FRANCK, or FRANCKEN, Franciscus, a Flemish painter, of great merit, died in 1616. FRANCK, Franciscus, son of the preceding, and a pupil of his father, was also a painter;

FRANCIS II., son of Henry II. and Catherine de Medicis, succeeded to the throne of France on the death of his father. He married the unfor-he died in 1642. tunate Mary, queen of Scots, and died in 1560, aged 17, after a reign of 17 months.

FRANCIS,duke of Alencon, Anjou, and Berri, and brother of the preceding, opposed his brother Henry III., for which he was imprisoned by Catherine, and afterwards liberated. He was subsequently crowned duke of Brabant, and was one of the suitors of queen Elizabeth; he died in 1584.

FRANCIS DE BOURBON, count of St. Pol and Chaumont, distinguished himself at the battle of Marignan. He was taken prisoner with Francis I., but escaped, and died in 1545.

FRANCKER, Christian, successively a jesuit, a socinian, a unitarian, and a catholic, in the 16th century.

FRANCKENSTEIN, Christian Godfrey, of Leipsic, an advocate, distinguished as a man of letters, and a historian; he died in 1717.

FRANCO, Nicolo, a satirist, born at Benevento, in 1510. He was condemned to death, for some severe satires on illustrious persons of Rome; but it is not known that he was executed.

FRANCO, Battista, a painter, of Venice, who imitated the manner of Buonarotte, died in 1561. FRANCOIS, Abbe Laurent, an able opponent of the French philosophers, died in 1782, His works were principally in defence of religion.

FRANCIS DE BOURBON, count Enghien, was a celebrated general in the service of Francis I.; he was killed by accident, in 1545. FRANCIS DE BOURBON, duke of Mont-painter of Tours, died in 1671. pensier, was the faithful associate of Henry IV. of France, and distinguished himself in his service as a soldier; he died in 1592.

FRANCOIS, Simon, a selftaught portrait

FRANCOIS, Lucas, a historical painter, in the service of the kings of France and Spain, cied in 1643.

FRANCOIS, Lucas, called the Younger, son of the preceding, was also highly respected as a painter; he died in 1654.

FRANCOWITZ, Matthias, a protestant divine, pupil of Luther and Melancthon, was a priteacher, and afterwards professor of the Greek and Latin languages at Wittemburg; he died in 1575

FRANCIS, of Lorraine, duke of Guise and of Aumale, distinguished himself in the wars with Charles V., and the English; and in the reigns of Henry II., and Francis II. of France, completely governed the kingdom. After the death of Francis, he espoused the side of the catholics,vate in the civil wars, and was assassinated in 1563. FRANCIS DE BORGIA, St., duke of Candia, and viceroy of Catalonia, was the grandson of pope Alexander VI. He afterwards became a jesuit, and died at Rome, in 1572. He was canonized by pope Clement X.

FRANCIS, Lucas, a historical and portrait painter, employed by the kings of France and Spain; he died in 1643.

FRANCIS ROMAIN, a Dominican, of Ghent, was an eminent architect; he was employed by Lewis XIV., to finish the Pont Royal, of Paris, for which he was liberally rewarded; he died in 1735.

FRANCUS, Sebastian, a German anabaptist of the 16th century

FRANCK FLORIS. See FLORIS.

FRANKLIN, Dr. Benjamin, born at Boston, in America, in 1706, was placed at a very early age under one of his brothers, who was a printer, where he made a rapid progress in that art so useful to mankind, and contracted an attachment for the press which continued as long as he lived. Scarcely emerged from infancy, Franklin was a philosopher without being conIlscious of it, and by the continual exercise of his

gemus, prepared himself for those great discove-From France he returned to America in 1785, ries in science which have since associated and lived five years after this period: for three his name with that of Newton, and for those years he was president of the General Assembly political reflections which have placed him by of Pennsylvania; he was a member of the conthe side of a Solon and a Lycurgus. Soonvention that established the new form of fedeafter his removal from Boston to Philadelphia, ral government; and his last public act was a Franklin,in concert with some other young men, grand example for those who are employed in established a small club; where every member, the legislation of their country. In this convenafter his work was over, and on holidays, brought tion he had differed in some points from the his stock of ideas, which were submitted to dis-majority; but, when the articles were ulticussion. This society of which the young print-mately decreed, he said to his colleagues, "We er was the soul, has been the source of every ought to have but one opinion; the good of our useful establishment in Pennsylvania calculated country requires that the resolution be unanimto promote the progress of science, the mechani-fous ;" and he signed. He died April 17, 1790. cal arts, and particularly the improvement of As an author, he never wrote a work of any the human understanding. Higher employ-length. His political works consist of letters ments, however, at length called him from his or short tracts; but all of them, even those of country, which he was destined to serve more humour, bear the marks of his observing genius effectually as its agent in England, whither he and mild philosophy. He wrote many for that was sent in 1757. The stamp act, by which the rank of people who have no opportunity for British minister wished to familiarize the Amer-study, and whom it is yet of so much conseicans to pay taxes to the mother-country, re-quence to instruct; and he was well skilled in vived that love of liberty which had led their reducing useful truths to maxims easily retained, forefathers to a country at that time a desert; and sometimes to proverbs, or little tales, the and the colonies formed a congress, the first idea simple and natural graces of which acquire a of which had been communicated to them by new value when associated with the name of Franklin, at the conferences at Albany, in 1754. their author. In short, the whole life of FrankThe war that was just terminated, and the lin, his meditations, and his labours, have all exertions made by them to support it, had given been directed to public utility; but the grand them a conviction of their strength; they op-object that he had always in view did not shut posed this measure, and the minister gave way, his heart against private friendship: he loved but reserved the means of renewing his attempts. his family, his friends, and was extremely beueOnce cautioned, however, they remained on ficent. In society he was sententious, but not their guard; liberty, cherished by their alarms, fluent; a listener rather than a talker; an intook deep root; and the rapid circulation of forming rather than a pleasing companion: imideas by means of newspapers, for the intro-patient of interruption, he often mentioned the 'duction of which they were indebted to the custom of the Indians, who always remain siprinter of Philadelphia, united them together to lent some time before they give an answer to a resist every fresh enterprise. In the year 1766, question which they have heard attentively; this printer, called to the bar of the house of unlike some of the politest societies in Europe, commons, underwent that famous interrogatory, where a sentence can scarcely be finished withwhich placed the name of Franklin as high in out interruption. In the midst of his greatest politics, as it was before in natural philosophy.occupations for the liberty of his country, he From that time he defended the cause of Amer-had some physical experiment near him in his ica with a firmness and moderation becoming a closet; and the sciences, which he had rather great man, pointing out to ministry all the errors discovered than studied, afforded him a conthey had committed, and the consequences they tinual source of pleasure. He made various bewould induce, till the period when, the tax on quests and donations to cities, public bodies, the tea meeting the same opposition as the stamp-and individuals; and requested that the followact had done, England blindly fancied herself ing epitaph, which he had composed for himself capable of subjecting by force 3,000,000 of men some years before, might be inscribed on his determined to be free, at a distance of 2000 tombstone : leagues. Every man is acquainted with the particulars of that war; but every man has not equally reflected on the bold attempt of Franklin as a legislator. Having asserted their independence, and placed themselves in the rank of nations, the different colonies, now the United States of America, adopted each its own form of government; and, retaining almost universally their admiration for the British constitution, framed them from the same principles variously modelled. Franklin alone, disengaging the political machine from those multiplied movements and admired counterpoises that rendered it so complicated, proposed the reducing it to the simplicity of a single legislative body. This grand idea startled the legislators of Pennsylvania: but the philosopher removed the fears of FRANKLIN, William, son of Dr. Franklin, a considerable number, and at length determin-embraced the side of Britain, in the revolutioned them to the adoption of his principle. Having ary war, was taken prisoner, and afterwards given laws to his country, Franklin undertook suffered to retire to England, where he died. He again to serve it in Europe, not by representa-was the last royal governor of New-Jersey. tions to the metropolis, or answers at the bar of FRANKLIN, Dr. Thomas, one of the king'a the house of commons; but by treaties with chaplains, and rector of Brasted, in Kent. This France, and successively with other powers. gentleman was possessed of no inconsiderable

but

"The body of BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Printer, (like the cover of an old book,

its contents torn out,

and stript of its lettering and gilding)
lies here food for worms;
will (as he believed) appear once more
yet the work itself shall not be lost,

in a new

and more beautiful edition,
corrected and amended

by
THE AUTHOR."

share of learning and poetical abilities, and was difference, and afterwards fled from Vienna; long a favourite in the literary world. His he was reduced to beg his bread, and died in translations of Phalaris, Sophocles, and Luci-1493.

an, equally evince his learning and his genius. FREDERIC I., king of Denmark, distinguishHis dramatic compositions, are well known, ed himself by his wisdom, prudence, and by the and deservedly esteemed; he was born in Lon-utility of his public measures, particularly in indon, about 1720, and died in 1784. structing Lutheranism among his subjects; he died in 1533.

FRANKS, Sebastian, a landscape painter, of Antwerp, born in 1573.

FREDERIC II., king of Denmark, was the FRANKS, John Baptist, son of the preceding, patron of literature and of learned men; and was a successful imitator of the manner of Van-the liberal protector of Tycho Brahe; he died dyck and Rubens; he was born in 1600. in 1588.

FRANS-FLORIS, an eminent painter, born at Antwerp, in 1520. He grew rich and famous, his performances being good and numerous; but was greatly addicted to drinking, and died at 50 years of age. He was called the Raphael of Flanders.

FREDERIC III., archbishop of Bremen, succeeded his father, Christian IV., as king of Denmark, and improved the condition of his people, by making them more independent of the nobles, and by making the crown hereditary; he died in 1670.

FRANTZIUS, Wolfgang, a German divine, FREDERIC IV., king of Denmark, was enand professor of divinity at Wittemburgh, died gaged in war with Charles XII., of Sweden, and in 1620. lost some part of his territories, which he afterFRASSON, Claude, a French monk, was awards recovered; he died in 1730. doctor of the Sorbonne, and professor of theology at Paris, also superior of the Franciscan convent there; he died in 1711.

FRATELLINI, Giovanna, a female painter, of Florence, patronised by the archduchess Victoria; she died in 1731.

FRATELLINI, Lorenzo Maria, son of the preceding, eminent as a historical and landscape painter, died in 1729.

FREDERICK V., grandson of the preceding, reigned on the throne of Denmark from 1746 to 1766. He was succeeded by his son, Christian VII.

FREDERIC AUGUSTUS I., king of Poland, and elector of Saxony, recommended himself to the Poles, by his valour against the Turks, and was elected their king in 1696. He was beaten' by Charles XII., and stripped of his dominions, FRAUNCE, Abraham, a poet, who was edu-which he afterwards recovered and maintained cated at the expense of sir Philip Sidney, in till his death, in 1733. He was the patron of liteCambridge; after which he was called to the rature, and his court was for a long time one of bar. He wrote, amongst other things, "The the most brilliant in Europe.

Countess of Pembroke's Ivy Church and Em- FREDERIC AUGUSTUS II., succeeded his anuel," in 1591; and a "Translation of He-father on the throne of Poland, in 1734. The liodorus' Ethiopics." last of his reign was disturbed by a war with

FRAUWENLOB, Henry, a German writer, the king of Prussia, who invaded his kingdom, died in 1317. and reduced him to unconditional submission. FREDEGARIUS, the earliest French histo-He died in 1763. rian, after Gregory of Tours; his chronicle, in FREDERIC, prince of Hesse Cassel, married barbarous language, extends to the year 641.' a sister of Charles XII., of Sweden, and obtainFREDEGONDE, wife of Chilperic, king ofed possession of the Swedish throne in 1720. France, was born of obscure parents, but, by her He died in 1757.

beauty and art, raised herself to the throne; FREDERIC WILLIAM, elector of Brandenshe poisoned all around her whom she consider-burg, distinguished himself by his war with Poed enemies or rivals, and, finally, the king him-land, and afterwards with Lewis XIV. After self; she died in 597.

FREDERIC I., surnamed Barbarossa, duke of Swabia, succeeded his uncle, Conrad III., as emperor of Germany, and was crowned in Italy by Adrian IV. A part of his reign was disturbed by quarrels and wars with the popes, who, after a reconciliation, persuaded him to undertake a crusade against Saladin. He died during the expedition, in 1190, after having gained several victories over the Turks and Greeks. His son Frederic, duke of Swabia, who attended him, and displayed great valour in the Holy Land, also died there.

repelling the Swedes, who had invaded his dominions, he devoted his attention to the commerce of his people, and to internal improvements. He died in 1688.

FREDERIC I., elector of Brandenburg, son of the preceding, was ambitious of raising his duchy into a kingdom, and joined Leopold, emperor of Germany, in a war against several states, to accomplish the object; he died in 1713.

FREDERIC WILLIAM 1., king of Prussia, son of the preceding, succeeded his father, in 1713. He began his reign by a strict reform in the expenditures of his kingdom, by encourageFREDERIC II., grandson of the preceding,ing commerce and industry, and by inviting and son of Henry VI., was born in 1194, and elected king of the Romans, two years after. In 1210, he was elected emperor of Germany. He died in 1250, aged 57.

foreign artisans to settle in his dominions; at the same time he provided for his security by creating an army of 60,000 inen. He died in 1740.

FREDERIC III., surnamed the Fair, son of FREDERIC II., son of the preceding, ascendAlbert of Austria, was the rival of Lewis of Ba-ed the throne in 1740. He was distinguished by varia, in a contest for the imperial throne. He the appellation of "the Great," to which his was defeated by him at the battle of Michael- superior talents and conspicuous achievements dorff, and taken prisoner; he died in 1330. gave him a just claim. During his reign, he FREDERIC IV., surnamed the Pacific, cm-was engaged in war with almost every potenperor of Germany, was the last of the German tate of Europe; and, in most instances successprinces, who submitted to a coronation at Rome. fully. At the same time, he was solicitous for He was a weak, indolent, and superstitious the welfare of his subjects, and devoted a part prince, who saw his subjects revolt, with in-llof every day to a redress of their grievances

great favourite of John IV., of Portugal; he died in 1657.

He encouraged commerce and the arts, invited literary men from all parts of Europe to his court, administered justice impartially, and re- FRELINGHUYSEN, Theodorus Jacobus, lieved the unfortunate and distressed, wherever minister of the Reformed Dutch Church, at Rato be found. In the midst of all his cares, heriton, New-Jersey; was an able and successful found time to devote to literary pursuits, and preacher. was himself a philosopher and an author, but of infidel principles; he died in 1786, aged 75. FREDERIC, surnamed the Wise, elector of FREMONT D'ABLANCOURT, Nicholas, a Saxony, was the friend of the emperor Maximi-native of France, who fled to Holland, at the lian, and might have succeeded him had he not revocation of the edict of Nantes, and was hisdeclined. He was the firm and zealous friend toriographer to the prince of Orange; he died of Luther, and the reformation, and died in in 1693. 1526.

FREDERIC V., elector of Palatine, married a daughter of James I., of England. He was elected king of Bohemia by the protestants, but opposed and defeated by Ferdinand, of Austria. The death of Gustavus, who had promised to assist him, put an end to his hopes, and he died] a month afterwards, in 1632.

FREMINET, Martin, an etninent French painter, died in 1619.

FRENICLE DE BESSY, Bernard, a mathe|matician, and author of a treatise on right-angled triangles, and other works; he died in 1675. FRERES, Theodore, a painter, born in 1643, at Enkhuysen; the best of his pieces are preserved in Amsterdam.

FRERET, Nicolas, of Paris, a historian and chronologist, and opposer of Sir Isaac Newton's FREDERIC, Colonel, son of the unfortunate system of chronology, born at Paris, in 1688, Theodore, king of Corsica, was engaged in the died 1749. He was a complete sceptic; and Volservice of the elector of Wirtemberg, who ho-taire, for the worst of purposes, revised two of noured him with his friendship. He went to his works: viz. "The Letters of Thrasybulus England as agent of the elector, and there com-to Leucippus," and " Examination of the Apo mitted suicide, in 1796. logists for Christianity."

FREEKE, Wilham, born in 1664. He wrote, FRERON, Elie Catherine, a French critic among other things, "A Dialogue by way of and journalist of considerable talents, and known question and answer, concerning the Deity," as having been the constant object of the satire and "A brief and clear confutation of the Doc-of Voltaire, was born at Quimper, in 1719, and trine of the Trinity:" which two pieces being died in 1776. His "Letters on certain writings laid before the house of commons, were voted of the Times," he began in 1749, and published to be burnt, as containing much blasphemy, and 13 volumes. In 1754, he began his " Annee accordingly were so; the author being after- Literaire," of which he published 7 volumes wards fined 5001., and obliged to give security that year, and eight every year after, till his for his good behaviour for three years, and to death; and in that work, Freron, as a zealous make a recantation in the four courts in West-enemy of the modern philosophy, attacked Volminster-hall.

FREEMAN, John, an English painter, who lived in the reign of Charles II.

FREGOSO, Baptist, doge of Genoa, was deposed and banished for his haughtiness; the time of his death is unknown.

FREHER, Marquard, a German, who studied the civil law in France. He was counsellor to Casimir, prince Palatine, afterwards professor of law, at Heidleberg, and engaged in important affairs by the elector, Frederic IV.; he died

in 1614.

taire with spirit. He represented him as a skilful plagiary; as a poet, brilliant, but inferior to Corneille, Racine, and Boileau; as an elegant, but inaccurate historian; and rather the tyrant than the king of literature.

FRESNAYE, John Vauguelin de la, an early French poet, king's advocate for Caen, and president of that city; he died in 1606.

FRESNE, Charles du Cange du, a learned Frenchman, born at Amiens, in 1610, died 1688. His best works are a "Latin and Greck Glossary," the "History of Constantinople under the French Emperors," &c.

FREIGIUS, John Thomas, a learned German, employed as a teacher, at Friburg, and at Basil, FRESNOY, Charles Alphonso du, an excelwas afterwards chosen rector of the college of lent French poet and painter, born at Paris, in Altorf. He died in 1583. 1611. After his death, his poem, "De Arte FREIND, John, an English physician, and Graphica," was printed with a prose translaelegant writer, born in 1675, died 1728. The tion and notes, by De Piles, and dedicated to most elaborate of his numerous works is "The Colbert. It was afterwards translated into EnHistory of Physic, from the time of Galen toglish, by Dryden, who prefixed to it an original the beginning of the 16th century, chiefly with" Preface, containing a parallel between paint regard to practice," and this is justly deemed a ling and poetry." This poem will keep his name masterly performance, both for use and ele-alive as long as either poetry or painting shall gance. find any esteem. A later version of Du Fresnoy has been made by Mr. Mason, and enriched with notes by Sir Joshua Reynolds.

FREIND, Robert, brother to the physician, and head master of Westminster school, born in 1667; he published an edition of Cicero's "Orator," and died in 1751.

FRESNY, Charles Riviere du, a French poet, born at Paris, in 1648. He had a good natural FREINSHEMIUS, John, a most ingenious taste for music, painting, sculpture, architecand learned man, born at Ulm, in Swabia, in ture, and all the fine arts. He had also a taste 1608. He is said to have understood almost all for laying out gardens, which procured him the the European languages, besides Latin, Greek, place of overseer of the king's gardens, whose and Hebrew. He was professor of eloquence, valet de chambre he likewise was. He died in at Upsal, librarian and historiographer to Chris-1724; and in 1731, his works were collected and tina, of Sweden, and afterwards professor at printed in 6 vols., consisting of " dramatic perHeidleberg, where he died in 1660. formances, songs, amusements serious and co

FREIRE DE ANDRADE, Hyacinthe, a Por-mical," &c.

tuguese, abbot of St. Mary de Chans, and all FRETEAU DE ST, JUST, Emmanuel Marie

Michael Philip, a French nobleman, who, from FROILA II., king of Spain, in 923, died of a dissatisfaction with the court, embraced the po-leprosy. pular party, at the revolution; but was condemned by Robespierre, and executed in 1793. FREWEN, Accepted, an English prelate, educated at Magdalen college, Oxford, of which he became president, afterwards chaplain to Charles I., dean of Gloucester, bishop of Litchfield and Coventry, and archbishop of York; he died in 1664.

FROISSARD, or FROISSART, John, born at Valenciennes, about 1337. His chief work is a history, which comprises what happened in France, Spain, and England, from 1326 to 1400. He was also a poet, as well as a historian. He died in 1402. His history was translated recently by Mr. Johnes, of Havod, Wales. FROMAGE, Peter, a superior of the jesuits,

FREY, John Cecil, an eminent German phy-who died in Syria, in 1740. sician, died in 1631.

FREYTAG, Frederic Gottlehb, a burgomaster of Nuremberg, known as a writer, died in 1776.

FREZIER, Amadee Francis, a Frenchman, who travelled through Chili and Peru, an account of which he published; he died in 1772.

FRIART, Rowland, an eminent architect, of the 17th century.

FRICHE, or FRISCHE, James de, a Benedictine, who wrote the life of St. Augustine, and died in 1693.

FRISBIE, Levi, minister of Ipswick, Mass., distinguished as a very faithful and successful preacher; he published some sermons, and died in 1806.

FRONTEAU, John, a native of Angers, chancellor of Paris university, and afterwards prior of Benay, in Angiers; he died in 1662.

FRONTENAC, Louis count, governor-general of Canada, whose exertions conduced to the protection and property of Canada; he died in

1698.

FRONTINUS, Sextus Julius, a Roman writer, in high repute under Vespasian, Titus, Domi tian, Nerva, and Trajan. Nerva made him curator of the aqueducts, which occasioned him to write his treatise "De Aquæductibus Urbis Romæ." He wrote also, "Tres Libros Stratagematum," or, concerning the stratagems used in war by the most eminent Greek and Roman commanders; and afterwards added a fourth, FRISBIE, Levi, professor of the Latin lan-containing examples of those arts and maxims guage, and afterwards of moral philosophy, discoursed of in the former. These two works of Harvard college, Mass., was distinguished are still extant. for his talents and learning; he died in 1822. FRONTO, Marcus Cornelius, a Roman oraFRISCH, John Leonard, distinguished as the tor, preceptor to Vereius and M. Aurelius. founder of the silk manufacturies of Branden- FROWDE,Philip, author of several pieces of burg, and as the first encourager of the cultiva-poetry, some of which in Latin were pure and tion of the mulberry tree in Prussia; he died elegant enough to entitle them to a place in the in 1743. Musæ Anglicanæ. He likewise wrote two traFRISCHLIN, Nicodemus, a learned Ger-gedies, "The Fall of Saguntum," and "Philoman, professor at Tubingen, known as a dra- tas." He died in 1738. matic writer, and as a translator; he died in 1590.

FRISCHMUTH, John, rector of the university of Jena, died in 1687.

FRISIUS, John, principal of the college at Zurich, into which he introduced the study of the Hebrew and other oriental languages; he died in 1565. His three sons were professors at Zurich.

FRITH, John. See FRYTH. FRIZON, Peter, master of the jesuit's college, of Navarre,and author of a history of the French cardinals, &c., died in 1651.

FROBENIUS, John, an eminent and learned German printer. He was the first of the Germans who brought the art to any perfection; and the great character of this printer was the principal motive which led Erasmus to fix is quarters at Basil, in order to have his own works printed by him. He died at Basil, in 1527, lamented by all, but by none more than Erasmus, who wrote his epitaph in Greek and

Latin.

FROBISHER, Sir Martin, an eminent navigator, and the first Englishman that attempted to find out a north-west passage to China. He was born in Yorkshire, and was killed in battle in 1594.

FROELICH, Erasmus, a jesuit, eminent for his knowledge of mathematics and medallic history, died in 1758.

FROIDMONT,Libert, a native of Liege,dean of St. Peters, and professor of philosophy, at Louvain, died in 1653.

FROILA I., king of Spain, is known for a victory gained over the Saracens, in 760. He caused his brother to be murdered, and was himself killed by another brother, in 768.

FRUGONI, Charles Innocent, an Italian poet, born at Genoa, died in 1768.

FRUMENTIUS, a Romish saint, consecrated bishop of the Ethiopians, by Athanasius, died in 360.

FRYE, Thomas, a painter, who acquired some eminence in London, where he died, in 1762.

He

FRYTH, John, an English martyr, who was converted to Lutheranism, at Oxford. preached his doctrines so boldly, that he was sent to the Tower, and, on his refusing to recant, was burnt at Smithfield, in 1533.

FUCHSIUS, or FUCHS, Leonard, an eminent physician and botanist, of Munich and Ingoldstadt, died in 1566.

FUESSLI, John Gaspard, an eminent artist of Zurich, author of the history of the artists of Switzerland, died in 1782.

FUGGER, Huldric, born at Augsburgh, in 1526, was eminent for his affection to learning and learned men. He laid out great sums in purchasing good manuscripts of ancient authors, and getting them printed; and for this purpose, he allowed for some time a salary to the famous Henry Stephens. His relations were so incensed at him for the moneys he expended in this way, that they brought an action against him for it, and got him to be declared incapable of managing his affairs. He died in 1584, having bequeathed his library to the elector Palatine, and a fund for the maintenance of six scholars.

FULBERT, an Italian, who acquired great celebrity as a preacher in France, and was made bishop of Chartres; he died in 1028.

FULDA, Charles Frederic, a native of Swa bia, eminent as a Lutheran divine, and as a meПchanic; he died in 1788.