tions are, "St. Pierre's Studies of Nature;" tiation, and defender of Wickliffe, and was "Sonnini's Travels in Egypt;" "Saurin's Ser-burnt alive by the council of Constance, in mons; " and the "Physiognomical Essays of 1415. Lavater." HUSSEY, Giles, a most ingenious English HUNTINGDON, Selina, countess dowager portrait painter, in 1710, died suddenly, while of, daughter of Washington, ear! Ferrers, was working in his garden at Beaston, Ashburton, born in 1707, married in 1728, Theophilus earl Devonshire, in 1788. Professor Barry, in his Huntingdon, by whom she had issue four sons noble painting, which adorns the large room at and three daughters, and died in 1791. Her the Society of Arts in the Adelphi, has thought ladyship had been a widow 45 years; and her Mr. Hussey entitled to an eminent place in his great religious concerns, as head of a very nu- Elysium, and has introduced him behind Phimerous sect in Great Britain and Ireland,she left dias; observing, that his abilites were calculated by will in the hands of committees for man-to have raised his country to an immortal repuaging them in both kingdoms. Her religious tation (but for the professional envy and ranprinciples have been long since known; and cour of a wretched cabal), and that he appeared her unbounded benevolence bore the best testi- no less amiable as a man, than he was admiramony of the purity of her intentions; having, ble as an artist. in the course of her life, expended above 100,000. in public and private acts of charity.

His

HUTCHESON, Dr. Francis, a very fine writer on moral philosophy, and an excellent man, HUNTINGTON, Henry of, an English chro- born in Ireland, in 1694, died in 1747. nicier of the 12th century; he wrote a history. Moral Philosophy" was published at Glasgow, of England from the earliest accounts to the in 1755. death of king Stephen.

HUNTINGTON, Robert, a learned English divine, and writer of travels, born in 1636, died In 1701.

HUNTINGTON, Joseph, D. D., minister of Coventry, Conn., author of " Calvinism Improved," which was answered by Dr. Strong, of Bradford, Conn.; he died in 1795.

HUTCHINS, John, author of the history, and antiquities of Dorsetshire; he died in 1773. HUTCHINS, Thomas, geographer general of the United States; he published several maps, and died at Pittsburgh, în 1789.

HUTCHINSON, Ann, an artful woman in Massachusetts, whose religious opinions were heretical, and which were condemned by a council of ministers: she was banished from the colony, and was murdered by the Indians, west of New-Haven, in 1643.

HUNTINGTON, Samuel, an eminent lawyer of Connecticut, was a member of congress from that state, in 1776, and a signer of the declaration of Independence; afterwards a judge and HUTCHINSON, Thomas, governor of Massachief justice of the supreme court, and lieuten-chusetts, odious for his arbitrary conduct in ant governor of the state; he died in 1796. his office; be published a History of the Colony of Massachusetts, &c., and died in England, in 1780.

HUTCHINSON, John, an English philosophical and critical author, celebrated as the opponent of Dr. Woodward in natural history, and of Sir Isaac Newton in philosophy; he was born in Yorkshire, in 1674, and died in 1737.

HUNTINGTON, Samuel, a native of Connecticut, removed to Ohio, in 1801, and was afterwards, chief justice of the supreme court, and governor of that state; he died in 1817. HUNTINGTON, Jedediah, a general, and a distinguished officer in the American army, during the revolution, afterwards treasurer of the state of Connecticut, and collector of the HUTCHINSON, John Hely, a celebrated customs for the port of New-London; he died Irish lawyer and statesman; not a little remark in 1818. able for his avidity after lucrative offices. BeHUNTORST, Gerard, one of the best Dutching at one and the same time a privy-counsellor, painters of the 16th century.

HURD, Dr. Richard, bishop of Worcester. His "Dialogues on Chivalry and Romance," "Sermons at Lincoln's Inn Chapel," and "Life and Works of Bishop Warburton," are his principal literary productions. In 1783, on the death of archbishop Cornwallis, Dr. Hurd, who had been preceptor to the prince of Wales and the duke of York, was offered the primacy; but requested of the king permission to decline it. He died in 1808, in the 89th year of his age.

reversionary secretary of state, major of the 4th regiment of horse, provost of Trinity College, Dublin, and searcher, packer, and gauger of the port of Strangford. A late British minister, lord North, made the following remark on him: "If England and Ireland were given to this man, he would solicit the Isle of Man for a potato garden." Mr. Hutchinson was born in 1715, and died in 1794.

HUTTEN, Ulric de, a satirical writer, of Germany, distinguished for his zeal in support of the reformation, his hostility to the church of Rome, and the eccentricity and profligacy of his private life; he died on an island in the lake of Zurich, in 1528.

HURDIS, Dr. James, a learned divine, and a very pleasing poet, born at Bishopstone, Sussex, in 1763, died at Buckland, in Berkshire, in 1801. Dr. Hurdis was poetry professor in the university of Oxford. His principal poems are, "The HUTTEN, Jacob, a native of Silesia, founder Village Curate," "The Favourite Village," of an anabaptist sect, called the Moravian breth"Sir Thomas More," a tragedy, and "Adria- ren; the time of his death is not known, although no; or, The First of June." He also published it is said, he was burnt as a heretic. "Twelve Dissertations on the Nature and Occasion of Psaim and Prophecy."

HUTTER, Elias, a protestant divine, distin guished as a learned orientalist; he died at Nuremburg, in 1602.

HURE, Charles, a French divine, was professor of languages in the university of Paris, HUTTER, Leonard, a learned German diand afterwards principal of the college of Ben-vine, professor of theology, at Wittemberg, and court. He wrote a Dictionary of the Bible, &c., and died in 1717.

HUSS, John, a celebrated German reformer and martyr, born in Bohemia, in 1376. He was the first opposer of the doctrine of transubstan

rector of the university there; he died in 1616. HUTTON, Matthew, professor of divinity in Cambridge, bishop of Durham, and afterwards archbishop of York; he died in 1605.

HUTTON, William, the historian of Bir

mingham, and author of various other works,ing out of that chair, where Ammonius, Hierowas born at Derby, in 1723, and died at Ben-cles, and many great and celebrated philosonett's Hill, near Birmingham, in 1815, aged 92.phers had taught; and this at a time too, when HUXHÁM, Dr., an English physician, whomen of immense learning abounded, both at made some improvements in medicine, which Alexandria, and in many other parts of the Ro still bear his name; he died in 1763. man empire. She was murdered, A. D. 415. HYPERIDES, a disciple of Plato, who procured the banishment of Demosthenes from Athens; he was put to death by Antipater, 322 B. C.

HYRCANUS, John, prince and high-priest of the Jews, after his father. He restored his nation to independence, from the power of Antiochus, HYDE, Edward, earl of Clarendon, and chanking of Syria, and died 106 B. C. He was succellor of England, born in Dinton, in Wiltshire, ceeded by his son of the same name, who died in 1008, and died in 1674. His name is immor- 30 B. C. talized by his "History of the Rebellion," in the time of Charles I. He was afterwards, how-Wales; he died in 1171. ever, impeached of high treason, and fled to France, where he died.

HYPATIA, a most beautiful, virtuous, and IBYČUS, a Greek lyric poet, flourished about learned lady of antiquity, daughter of Theon, 540 B. C. He was murdered by robbers; and who governed the Platonic school at Alexandria, in his dying moments he observed cranes flying the place of her birth and education, in the lat-over his head, whom he implored to be his ter part of the 4th century. Socrates tells us, avengers. His murderers walking in Rhegium that Hypatia "arrived at such a pitch of learn-some time afterwards, and seeing some cranes ing, as very far to exceed all the philosophers of in the air, one of them said to his companions, her time." But our notions of Hypatia will be" there come the witnesses of Ibycus death." prodigiously heightened, when we consider her They were overheard, tried, and executed. ucceeding her father, as she actually did, in the IDACIUS, a Spanish prelate, and an author government of the Alexandrian school: teach-of the 5th century.

IDRIS, Gawr, a Welch astronomer, after whom one of the highest mountains of Wales is named.

IFLAND, Augustus William, a celebrated German actor and dramatic writer, died at Ber-author of various works, died in 1804. lin, in 1814. He was interred with great pomp. IGNATIUS, surnamed Theophrastus, bishop of Antioch, born in Syria, and educated under INGUIMBERTI, Dominic Joseph Marie d', the apostle and evangelist, St. John. He was a learned divine, and bishop of Carpentras, was torn to pieces by lions, at Rome, by command a munificent and pious prelate, and died in 1757. of the emperor Trajan, A. D. 107. His epistles INGULPHUS, abbot of Croyland, was born are very interesting remains of ecclesiastical in London, in 1030, wrote " Historia Monasterii antiquity on many accounts; but the most im- Croylandensis," and died in 1109. portant use of his writings respects the authenticity of the Holy Scriptures, which he frequent-died in 417. ly alludes to in the very expressions that they stand in at this day.

ILDEFONSE, St., bishop of Toledo, and author of an Ecclesiastical History, died in 667. ILIVE, Jacob, an English printer and miscel-dinal, was elected pope in 1243, and was the laneous writer, died in 1768. first who invested the cardinals with a red bat, ILLESCAS, Gonsalvo, a Spanish ecclesias-as a mark of dignity. He died in 1254. tic, author of the lives of the popes, died in 1580. ILLTYD VARCHOG, or ILLUTUS, a saint, who is said to have taught the Welch an improved method of ploughing. He died in 480. ILLYRIUS, Matthias Flaccus, or Francowitz, was a learned divine, who completed his education under Luther and Melancthon; he died in 1575:

IMBERT, Joseph Gabriel, a painter, of Marseilles, who entered a monastic order, and died INNOCENT X., John Baptist Pamphili, was in 1749. elected pope in 1644. He published a bull against IMHOFF, James William, a very famous ge-the Jansenists, and died in 1655. nealogist, born at Nuremberg, in 1651, died in 1728.

died June 11, 1800; (being the very day on which the concluding sheet of his last mentioned work went to press,) of a broken heart, as is believed; having been most illiberally accused (without any proof) of being concerned in the forge ry of the pretended Shakspeare MSS.; from which his son, W. H. Ireland (the real fabricator of that most ingenious literary imposition,) in a confessional pamphlet, publicly and solemnly exculpated him.

IRELAND, John, author of "Illustrations of Hogarth," and "Life and Letters of Mr. John Henderson," the actor, was born near Wem, in Shropshire, and died in the vicinity of Birminghain in 1808.

ISAUS, a celebrated Greek orator, and na tive of Chalcis, in Syria, the scholar of Lysias, and preceptor of Demosthenes. He flourished 396 years before Christ, and was the first who applied eloquence to state affairs, in which he was followed by his scholar Demosthenes.

ISAIAH, the greatest of the prophets, was of the lineage of David. He prophesied from 735 to 681 B.C., and is said to have been cut in two with a wooden saw, by the cruel king Manasseh. ISDEGERDES, king of Persia, was valiant, but cruel. He persecuted the Christians, and died in 420.

ISELIN, James Christopher, was professor of divinity at Basil, where he died in 1737. IRENEUS, Saint, bishop of Lyons, in France, ISHMAEL, son of Abraham, by Hagar, 1910 who wrote an elaborate work "against Here- B. C. He was the progenitor of the Arabians. sies," part of which is still extant under his ISHMAEL I., sophy of Persia, was distinname. He suffered martyrdom in the 5th per-guished for his valour and wisdom, and died in secution of the Christians under Severus, A. D. 203.

IRETON, Henry, son-in-law to Oliver Crom well, and a brave general in his army, died in 1651.

1523.

ISHMAEL II., sophy of Persia, murdered his eight brothers, and at last was poisoned by his own sister, in 1579.

ISIDORE, of Alexandria, placed over a mo-
ISIDORE, St., surnamed Pelusiota,or Daciate,

IREVISA, John, an Englishman, who trans-nastery, by Athanasius, died in 403. lated the "Polychronicon," in 1387.

IRNERIUS, called also Wernerus, or Guar-from his retiring into a solitude near the town nerus, a German lawyer of the 12th century, who was properly the restorer of the Roman law. He died in 1150.

IRONSIDE, Gilbert, an Englishman, who, at the restoration, was made bishop of Bristol;

he died in 1671.

IRVINE, William, a major-general in the American army during the revolution, and afterwards a member of congress, from Pennsylvania; he died in 1804.

IRWIN, Eyles, was born at Calcutta, of Irish parents, educated in England, and afterwards employed in a civil capacity, in the East. He was distinguished as a poet and miscellaneous writer, and died in 1817.

› ISAAC, son of Abraham and Sarah, was the father of Esau, the progenitor of the Edomites, and of Jacob, the ancestor of the Israelites. He died 1716 B. C.

ISAAC, Angelus, Greek emperor, in 1185. He was imprisoned by his brother, and died in 1204

ISAAC, Caro, a rabbi, of Spain, who retired to Jerusalem, and devoted himself to study and solitude; he died in the 16th century.

ISAAC COMMENUS, Greek emperor, in 1057. After a turbulent reign, he retired to a monastery, and died in 1061.

which bears both these names, was the most celebrated of the disciples of John Chrysostom. He died about 440; and we have remaining 2012 of his letters, in five books.

ISIDORE, of Cordova, was bishop of Cordova, in the age of Honorius.

ISIDORE, of Seville, a bishop of that city, was called the doctor of the age; he died in 636. ISIDORUS, of Charax, a Greek author, 300 B. C.

ISINGRINIUS, Michael, an eminent printer, of Basil, of the 16th century.

ISMENIAS, a Theban general, who refused' to kneel before a Persian king.

ISOCRATES, a Greek orator, born at Athens, in the first year of the 86th Olympiad, i. e. 436 years before Christ, died at the age of 98. We have 21 orations of his composing.

ISRAEL, Manasseh Ben, a learned rabbi, of the Low Countries, who offered Cromwell two hundred thousand pounds for permission to the Jews to settle in England. He died in 1657.

ITTIGIUS, Thomas, a German divine, and professor of divinity at Leipsic, died in 1710. IVES, or YVES, bishop of Chartres, in 1093, led a life of great piety; he died in 1115, and wasTM canonized.

IVETEAUX, Nicholas Vauquelin seigneur de, a French poet, and preceptor to Lewis XIII., when dauphin; he died in 1649, after leading a

ISAACSON, Henry, an Englishman; he wrote a valuable chronological work, and died in 1654. ISABELLA, daughter of Philip the Fair,licentious life. king of France, was born in 1292, and married to Edward II., of England. Her conduct was licentious, and she died in prison.

ISABELLA, of Bavaria, married Charles VI., of France, in 1385, and died little lamented, in 1435.

ISABELLA, daughter of John II., of Castile, married Ferdinand V., king of Arragon, in 1469. She succeeded to the throne of Castile ih 1474, and thus united the two kingdoms. Her reign is remarkable for the discovery of America by Columbus. She died in 1504.

ISABELLA, daughter of Alphonso, duke of Calabria; was married to John Galeazzo Sforza; in 1439, and died in 1524.

ISABELLA, sister of the king of Poland, married John Zopolita, king of Hungary, in 1539, and died in 1558.

IWAN V., John Alexiowitz, succeeded to the throne of Russia in 1682: He was a weak prince, unworthy of a throne, and died in 1696.

IWAN VI., of Brunswick Bevern, succeeded to the throne of Russia in 1740, at the age of three months. He was imprisoned, and at last put to death, in 1746.

IZAACKE, Richard, an Englishman, wrote the history of Oxford, and died in 1724.

J

JAAPHAN, Ebn Tophail, an Arabian phi losopher, cotemporary with Averroes, who died about 1198. He composed a philosophical romance, entitled "The Life or History of Hai Ebn Yokdhan;" in which he endeavours to demonstrate, how a man may, by the mere

light of nature, attain the knowledge of things||of the points in Hebrew to serve for vowels, and natural and supernatural; more particularly the of the accents, to facilitate the reading of that knowledge of God, and the affairs of another language. life.

JACOB, Ben Haim, a rabbi, of the 16th cenJABLONSKI, Daniel Ernest, a popish divine,tury, who rendered himself famous by the colof Germany. He endeavoured to reconcile the lection of the Masore, which is properly a criLutherans and Calvinists; wrote some disser-tique upon the books of the Bible, in order to tations and other works, and died in 1741. settic the true reading. JABLONSKI, Theodore, counsellor of the court of Prussia, was a man of extensive erudition, and highly esteemed. His publications

were numerous.

JACOB, Henry, an Englishman, wrote against the Brownists, and died in 1621.

JACOB, Henry, son of the preceding, was an able Orientalist, and died in 1852.

JACOB, a Hungarian monk, of the 13th cen

JABLONSKI, Paul Ernest, professor of theology at Frankfort, the author of several learnedtury, preached a crusade against the Saracens. works; he died in 1757.

JABLONSKI, Charles Gustavus, a German author, he died at Halle, in 1787.

JACETIUS, Francis de Cataneis, professor of Platonic philosophy, at Florence, died in 1552.

JACHAIA, Ben Joseph, a Portuguese rabbi, wrote a paraphrase on Daniel, and died in 1539.

JACOB, Giles, an English law writer, biographer, and lexicographer, born at Romsey, in Hampshire, in 1686, died in 1744. Besides a Law Dictionary, he published two volumes, entitled "The Poetical Register; or, Lives and Characters of the English poets."

JACOB AL BARDAI, was an able leader of the Eutychians, and a disciple of Severus. JACOBÆUS, Oliger, professor of philosophy,

JACKSON, Thomas, an English divine, pre-at Copenhagen, and an author; he died in 1701. sident of Corpus Christi college, Oxford, and a man of learning and piety; he died in 1640.

JACOBS, Jurian, a Swiss painter, died in 1664.

JACKSON, John, an English divine, theologi- JACOMB, Thomas, D. D., a fellow of Trinity cal and historical author, born in 1686, died in college, Cambridge, was ejected for non-con1763. His last and capital work was, "Chrono-formity, and died in 1687. logical Antiquities," 1752.

JACOPONE, da Todi, an Italian poet, cotem

JACKSON, Joseph, a letter-founder of distin-porary with Dante, died in 1306. guished eminence, born in 1733. In testimony JACQUELOT, Isaac, a French protestant of his abilities, let it suffice to mention, as mat-minister, who, on the revocation of the edict ters of difficulty and curiosity, the fac-simile of Nantes, became chaplain to the king of Prustypes which he formed for Doomsday-Book, and sía; he died in 1708. the Alexandrian New Testament; and, as a pattern of the most perfect symmetry, the types with which Mr. Bensley printed the splendid edition of the Bible, published by the late Mr. Macklin. Mr. Jackson died in 1792.

JACKSON, Arthur, an ejected non-conformist divine, wrote a commentary on the Bible, and died in 1666.

JACQUET, Lewis, a native of Lyons, was an admirer and imitator of Rosseau, and died in 1793.

JACQUIER, Francis, a Frenchman, eminent as a mathematician and divine, died in 1788. JADDUS, high-priest of Judea, when Alexander approached Jerusalem to destroy it. JADELOT, Nicholas, a Frenchman, known JACKSON, Cyril, D. D. an eminent divine, as a physician and an author, died in 1793. born at Stamford, in 1746, and educated at Ox- JAEGER, John Wolfgang, à Lutheran diford. He was sub-preceptor to his present ma-vine, and divinity professor, at Tubingen; he jesty; in consequence, he was made dean of wrote several Latin works, and died in 1720. Christ-Church, which he resigned in 1809. This JAGO, Richard, an English divine and poet, elegant scholar declined the mitre, though the born in 1715. About 1732 he was entered as a primacy of Ireland, as well as an English bishop-servitor in University college, Oxford; in which ric, had been offered him. He died at Felpham, humiliating situation he was visited by his Sussex, in 1819. schoolfellow, Shenstone, then a commoner in JACKSON, Dr. William, brother of the pre-Pembroke college, who introduced him to his ceding, was prebendary of York, regius profes-fellow collegians. In 1767, he published a poem sor of Greek at Oxford, and bishop of Oxford; called "Edge Hill," by which his poetical repuhe died in 1811. tation was completely established; and he died JACKSON, William, a musical composer of rector of Kilmcote, Leicestershire, in 1781. A considerable eminence, and author of several in-collection of his poems was published in 1784. genious literary productions in prose and verse,|| JAILLOT, Alexis Hubert, a French sculptor, was born at Exeter, in 1730. His musical pro-and geographer to the king, died in 1780. ductions are too numerous to be here detailed, JAMBLICUS, the name of two celebrated and too well known to require it. In 1782, he Platonic philosophers, in the 4th century, one published Thirty Letters on various Subjects."of whom was a native of Chalcis, and the other In 1791, he published "Observations on the pre-of Apamea, in Syria.

sent State of Music in London ;" and in 1798, JAMES, St., the Great, son of Zebedee, one of he added another volume to his Letters, under the apostles, was put to death by Herod, A. D. the title of "The Four Ages; with Essays on 44. various Subjects." Mr. Jackson was organist of the cathedral at Exeter; and, besides his musical talents, was an excellent painter, chiefly in the landscape way. He died in 1803.

JACOB, son of Isaac and Rebecca, obtained his brother's birthright, and went to Egypt, where he died 1689 B. C., aged 147.

JACOB, Ben Napthali, a famous Jew rabbi, in the 5th century, and inventor (with Ben Aser}||

JAMES, St., the Less, brother of Simon and Jude, was also one of the apostles. He was surnamed the Just, and put to death, A. D. 62.

JAMES, St. a bishop of Nisibis, distinguished for his patriotism and benevolence; he died about 350.

JAMES I., king of Scotland, was taken by the English, imprisoned 18 years, and then liberated. He was assassinated in 1497.