FORMULE

Formule (for'mül), n. (Fr.] A set or prescribed model; a formula. Formulization (formu-liz-"shon), n. The act of formulizing, or reducing to a formula. The reader is probably well aware of the curious tendency to formalization and system which under the name of philosophy encumbered the minds of the Renaissance schoolinen. Ruskin. Formulize (forʼmũ-liz), v. t. To reduce to a formula or formulas; to formulate. R. W. Emerson.

Formyl, Formyle (for'mil), n. In chem. see FORMULE.

Fornent, Foreanent (for-nent', för-a-nent'), prep. [For, fore, before, in front of, and anent (which see).] Concerning; opposite to. [Scotch]

Fornicate, Fornicated (for'ni-kat, for'nikat-ed), a. [L. fornicatus, from fornix, an arch.] 1. Arched; vaulted like an oven or furnace, concave within and convex without. 2. In bot. arching over; as, a fornicate leaf. Fornicate (for'ni-kat), v. i. [L. fornicor, forni catus, from fornix, an arch, a vault, a brothel, brothels in Rome being generally in vaults or cellars] To commit lewdness; to have unlawful sexual intercourse.

If a Brahmin fornicate with a Nayr woman he shall not thereby lose his caste. Asiatic Researches. Fornication (for-ni-ka'shon), n. [L. fornicatio, from fornicor. See FORNICATE.] 1. The incontinence or lewdness of unmarried sons, male or female.

per

Wharton.

Fornication (is) the act of incontinency in single persons; if either party be married, it is adultery." 2. In Scrip it may mean (a) adultery. (b) Incest. (c) Idolatry; a forsaking of the true God, and worshipping of idols.-3. In arch. an arching; the forming of a vault. Fornicator (for'ni-kat-ér), n. 1. An unmarried person, male or female, who has criminal conversation with the other sex; one guilty of fornication.-2. In Scrip. an idolater.

An un

Fornicatress (for'ni-kat-res), n. married female guilty of lewdness. Forniciform (for-nis'i-form), a. [L. fornix, fornicis, an arch, a vault, and forma, shape.] In bot. vaulted or arched: a term applied to the nectary of some plants. Fornix (forniks), n. [L.] 1. In conch. the excavated part under the umbo; also, the upper or convex shell in the oyster.-2. In bot. a small elongation on the tube or throat of the corolla, as in Anchusa.-3. In anat. a triangular lamina of white substance extending into each lateral ventricle of the brain, and terminating in two processes which arch downwards to the base of the brain.

Forpass (for-pas), v. i. [For, away, and pass. To go by; to pass unnoticed. Spenser. Forpet (for pet), n. [Corrupted for fourthpeck.] The fourth part of a peck. (Scotch.] Forpine (for-pin'), v.i. [For, intens., and pine] To pine or waste away. Spenser. Forray (for-ra'), n. The act of ravaging; a foray.

A band of Britons riding on forray,
Few days before, had gotten a great pray
Of Saxon goods.
Spenser
Forray (for-ra'), v.t. To ravage; to make
a foray upon.

For they that morn had forrayed all the land.
Fairfax.

Forrayer (for-rà ́êr), n. One who makes a foray or invasion. A company of Persian forrayers, that were abroad to waste a country. Holland.

Forril (for'ril), n. Same as Forel. Forrit, Forret (for rit, for ret), adv. Forward. [Scotch]

Fors (fors), n. Rough hair on sheep. [Local.] Forsake (for-sak), rt. pret. forsook; pp. forsaken; ppr. forsaking. (A. Sax. forsacan, to oppose, to renounce, from for, intens., and sacan, to strive, to contend. Comp. Dan. forsage, D. versaken, to deny.] 1. To quit or leave entirely; to desert; to abandon; to depart from; to withdraw from; as, friends and flatterers forsake us in adversity. Forsake the foolish, and live.

Prov. ix. 6.

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and my mother forsake me, then the Lord will take me up.' PB. xxvii. 10. [In the passive it often means left desolate, forlorn :

When he is forsaken,

Withered and shaken,

What can an old man do but die.' Hood.] Desert may sometimes be synonymous with forsake, but it usually implies a greater degree of culpability and the infringement of some legal obligation; as, to desert one's wife and children; to desert one's regiment. Abandon is to leave and give up finally and completely; as, to abandon evil courses; but generally it implies the laying aside of all care and concern for an object, especially when danger threatens it, or when longer connection might prove dangerous to ourselves; as, to abandon a hopeless enterprise or a sinking ship.-SYN. To quit, desert, abandon, relinquish, give up, renounce, reject.

Deserted;

Forsaken (for-sak'n), p. and a. left; abandoned. Forsaker (for-sak'ér), n. One that forsakes

or deserts.

Forsay (for så'), v. t. [For, priv., and say.] To forbid; to renounce. Spenser. Forshape, v.t. [For, priv., and shape.] To put out of shape; to render mis-shapen. Forshape, pp. and a. Out of shape; transformed. Chaucer. Forshapen, t Transformed. PP. Chaucer. Forshronke, Forshronken, pp. [For, intens., and shronke, shronken, for shrunk, shrunken.] Shrunk up. Chaucer. Forslack † (for-slak'), v.t. Same as Fore

slack.

Forsleuthe, Forslouthe, t Forslugge, t v.t. To lose through sloth. Chaucer. Forslow (for-slo) v. t. and i. Same as Foreslow.

Forsongen, pp. Tired with singing. Chau

cer.

Forsooth (for-söth'), adv. [A. Sax. forsôthfor and sooth, that is, for or in truth.] In truth; in fact; certainly; very well: often used ironically. It was once a word of honour or highly polite address to a woman. A fit man, forsooth, to govern a realm. Hayward. Carry not too much underthought betwixt yourself and them, nor your city mannerly word (forsooth), use it not too often in any case; but plain, ay, madam, and no, madam. B. Jenson.

Forsooth (for-söth'), v. t. To use the word forsooth to; hence, to address in a highly polite and ceremonious manner.

The captain of the Charles had forsoothed her, though he knew her well enough, and she him. Forsooth (for-söth'), n. Pepys. A man given to using the word forsooth to a lady; hence, a man very polite and ceremonious to ladies.

You sip so like a forsooth of the city. B. Fonson.

Forspeak (for-spēk'), v.t. [For, neg. or intens., and speak.] 1. To, forbid; to prohibit; to speak against.

Thou hast forspoke my being in these wars;
And say'st it is not fit.
Shak.

2. To injure by immoderate praise; to affect with the curse of an evil tongue, which brings ill-luck upon what or whomsoever it praises; to bewitch. [Now only provincial.] Urging

That my bad tongue, by their bad usage made so,
Forspeaks their cattle, doth bewitch their corn.
Witch of Edmonton (1623).

I tak' ye a' to witness, gude people, that she threatens me wi' mischief, and forspeaks me. Sir W. Scott.

Forspend (for-spend'), v.t. Same as Forespend.

Forstall (for-stal'), v. t. Same as Forestall.
Forster (forst'èr), n. A forester.
Forsterite (fors'ter-it), n. A crystallized
mineral, which occurs at Vesuvius, accom-
panied by pleonaste and pyroxene. It con-
tains silica and magnesia.
Forstraught, pp. Distracted. Chaucer.
Forswat, Forswatt (for-swot'), pp. [For,
intens., and swat, old pp. of sweat.] Over-
heated; sunburnt.

Shee is my goddesse plaine,
And I her shepherds swayne,
Albee forswonck and for swatt I am.

Spenser.

If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my judgments. Ps. lxxxix. 30. Cease from anger, and forsake wrath. Ps. xxxvii. 8. 3. To deny. Chaucer. Forsake, Desert, Abandon. Forsake is applied to leaving that which natural affection or a sense of duty should have led us to remain by; as, to forsake our home, friends, or country: a bird forsakes its nest. When my father

ch, chain; ch, Sc. loch; g, go; j. job;

forsworn; ppr. forswearing. [For, neg., and swear.] 1. To reject or renounce upon oath; to renounce earnestly, determinedly, or with protestations. I . . . do forswear her.' Shak.-2. To deny upon oath. Like innocence, and as serenely bold

As truth, how loudly he forswears thy gold. Dryden. -To forswear one's self, to swear falsely; to perjure one's self.

Thou shalt not forswear thyself.

Mat. v. 33

n, Fr. ton; ng, sing; PH, then; th, thin;

Forswore (for-swor), pret. of forswear. Forsworn (for-sworn), pp of forswear. Forswornness (for-sworn'nes), n. The state of being forsworn.

Fort (fört), n. [Fr.; from L. fortis, strong.] 1. A fortified place; usually, a small fortified place, occupied only by troops, surrounded with a ditch, rampart, and parapet, or with palisades, stockades, or other means of defence; also, any building or place fortified for security against an enemy; a castle.2. A person's strong point; a forte. [Rare.] An Fort-adjutant (fört' ad-ju-tant), n. officer in a garrison doing duties analogous to those of the adjutant of a regiment. He is responsible for the internal discipline of the men and the appropriation of them to the various corps. Fortalice (fört'al-is), n.

[0. Fr. fortelesse, L.L. fortalitium, from fortis, strong.] A small outwork of a fortification; a fortilage. Written also Fortelace.

Forte (för ta), adv. [It., with strength, loudly; L. fortis, strong.] In music, a direction to sing or play with force of tone. Forte (fort), n. [Fr. fort, strong part, also a person's forte, from L. fortis, strong (whence force, fortify, &c.).] 1. The strong portion of a sword-blade or rapier, as opposed to the foible or faible.-2.That in which one excels; a peculiar talent or faculty; a strong point or side; chief excellence.

It was in description and meditation that Byron excelled. 'Description,' as he said in Don Juan, 'was his forte. Macaulay. Forted (fōrt'ed), a. Furnished with forts; guarded by forts; fortified. 'A forted residence 'gainst the tooth of time. Shak. Forth (förth), adv. (A. Sax. forth, from for, Fortelace (fört'el-as), n. See FORTALICE. fore, before; G. fort, on, further; D. voord, forward.] 1. Forward; onward in time, place, or order; in advance from a given point; as, from that day forth; from that time forth; one, two, three, and so forth.-2. Out; abroad; noting progression or advance from a state of confinement or concealment ; out into public view or character; as, the plants in spring put forth leaves; your country calls you forth into her service. When winter past, and summer scarce begun, Invites them forth to labour in the sun. Dryden. 3. Out; away; beyond the boundary of a place; as, send him forth of France. [Rare.]

I am Prospero, and that very duke
Which was thrust forth of Milan.

Shak.
4. Thoroughly; from beginning to end.
You, my noble and well-warranted cousin,
Whom it concerns to hear this matter forth,
Do with your injuries as seems you best. Shak.
From forth, forth from. 'From forth

the streets of Pomfret.' Shak. Forth (förth), prep. Out of; forth from.

Forthcoming (förth'kum-ing), a. [See COME.] Ready to appear; making appearance; as, the prisoner is forthcoming. Forthcoming (förth'kum-ing), n. In Scots law, the action by which an arrestment is made effectual. In this action the arrestee and common debtor are called before the judge to hear judgment given, ordering the debt to be paid, or effects delivered up to the arresting creditor, or otherwise disposing of the matter.

Forther,t v.t. To farther or further. Chau

cer.

Forthgoing (fōrth'gō-ing), a. Going forth.
Forthgoing (förth'go-ing), n.
A going forth
or utterance; a proceeding from.
Forthink+ (for-thingk'), v. t. [For, away, and
think. 1. To repent of; to regret; to grieve
or be sorry for.

That now the same he greatly doth forthinke.
Spenser.

2. To cause to repent, regret, or grieve. So now the Scripture saith, Repent, or let it forthink you. Tyndale. Forth-issuing (förth-ish'ü-ing), a. [See ISSUE.] Issuing; coming out; coming forward, as from a covert.

w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure.-See KEY. 65

FORTHOUGHT

Forthought, pp. of forthink. Chaucer. Forthren, v.t. inf. of forther. To further. Chaucer.

Forthright (fōrth'rīt), adv. [See RIGHT] Straight forward; in a straight direction; straightway.

Impatient in embarrassment He forthright passed, and lightly treading went To that same feathered lyrist. Keats.

Forthright (förth'rit), a. Straightforward; honest; direct; immediate; as, a forthright man; a forthright speech. Forthright inspiration.' A. C. Swinburne.

Shak.

Forthright + (fōrth'rit), n. A straight path. Here's a maze trod, indeed, Through forthrights and meanders. Forthward (fōrth'wèrd), adv. Forward. Forthwith (forth with), adv. [Forth and with-lit. with what is forth or immediately before.] 1. Immediately; without delay; directly.

Immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales; and he received his sight forthwith. Acts ix. 18.

2. In law, as soon as the thing required may be done by reasonable exertion confined to that object.

Spenser.

Forthy (for-THI'), adv. [A. Sax. forthy-for, and thý, instrumental case of the demonstrative pronoun. See THAT.] Therefore. Thomalin have no care forthy; Myself will have a double eye. Fortieth (for'ti-eth), a. [See FORTY.] 1. Following the thirty-ninth, or preceded by thirty-nine.-2. Being one of forty equal parts into which anything is divided. Fortieth (for'ti-eth), n. One of forty equal parts into which a whole is divided; the quotient of a unit divided by forty. Fortifiable (for'ti-fi-a-bl), a. That may be fortified.

Fortification (for'ti-fi-ka"shon), n. [See FORTIFY.] 1. The act of fortifying or strengthening; the art or science of strengthening positions in such a way that they may be defended by a body of men much inferior in number to those by whom they are attacked.-2. That which fortifies or strengthens; especially, the works, as a wall, ditch, palisades, and the like, constructed for the purpose of strengthening a position. Fortifications are divided into permanent and temporary or field fortifications. Permanent fortifications are works required to remain effective for any length of time, for the purpose of defending important positions, as cities, dockyards, arsenals, &c. Temporary or field fortifications are designed to strengthen a post that is to be occupied only for a limited period. The figure represents a section of a fortified

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sades, or other works, with a view to defend against the attacks of an enemy; to strengthen and secure by forts, batteries, and other works of art; to render defensible against an attack by a hostile force; as, to fortify a city, town, or harbour. Fortify (for'ti-fi), v.i. To raise strong places. Fortilaget (fōrt'il-aj), n. A little fort; a blockhouse; a fortalice.

Fortility + (for-til'i-ti), n. A fortified place; a castle; a bulwark.

Fortin (fört'in), n. [Fr.] A little fort; a field fort; a sconce.

Fortissimo (for-tis'se-mo), adv. In music, a direction to sing with the utmost strength or loudness.

Fortition (for-ti'shon), n. [From L. fors, fortis, chance. See FORTUNE.] The principle of trusting to chance; casual choice; fortuitous selection.

No mode of election operating in the spirit of fortition or rotation can be generally good. Burke. Fortitude (for'ti-tūd), n. [L. fortitudo, from fortis, strong.] 1. Strength; force; power to resist attack.

Shak.

Despairing of his own arm's fortitude.
The fortitude of the place is best known to you.
Shak.

2. That strength or firmness of mind or soul which enables a person to encounter danger with coolness and courage, or to bear pain or adver ity without murmuring, depression, or despondency; passive courage; resolute endurance; firmness in confronting danger.

Fortitude is the guard and support of the other vir Locke. Who fights

tues.

With passions, and o'ercomes them, is endued With the best virtue, passive fortitude. Massinger. SYN. Resolution, resoluteness, endurance, firmness, hardihood, nerve, bravery. Fortitudinous (for-ti-tud'in-us), a. Having fortitude; courageous.

Fortlet (fört let), n. A little fort. Fort-major (fört'mā-jèr), n. In a fortress, the officer next to the governor or commandant.

Fortnight (fort'nit), n. [Contr. from fourteen nights, time being formerly often reckoned by nights; comp. sevennights, sennight, a week.] The space of fourteen days; two weeks.

Fortnightly (fort'nit-li), adv. Once a fortnight; every fortnight; at intervals of a fortnight; as, the paper is published fortnightly.

Fortnightly (fort'nit-li), a. Occurring or appearing once a fortnight; as, a fortnightly mail.

Fortress (fort'res), n. [Fr. forteresse, Pr. fortaressa, fortalessa, from L. fortis, strong.] A fortified place; a fort; a castle; a stronghold; a place of defence or security; usually, a city or town well fortified.

Section of Fortified Work (interior on the left; exterior on the right).

wall. a a is the abattis; bb, the counter-
scarp; cc, the palisade; dd, scarp; ƒƒ, fraise;
fegg, the parapet; h, banquette; and ig,
the breast-height. For definitions of each
of these see the words.--3. That which for-
tifles or strengthens; especially, the works
erected to defend a place against attack; a
fortified place; a fort; a castle.
Fortification-agate (for'ti-fi-kä" shon-ag-
ǎt), n. A variety of agate which when
polished exhibits lines suggestive of the
form of a fortified place.
Fortifier (for'ti-fi-ér), n. One who fortifies,
strengthens, supports, or upholds.
Fortify (forti-fi), v.t. pret. & pp. fortified;
ppr. fortifying. [Fr. fortifier; L.L. fortifico
-L. fortis, strong, and facio, to make.]
1. To add strength to; to strengthen; to
confirm; to furnish with strength or means
of resisting force, violence, or assault. He's
fortified against any denial.' Shak.

When interest fortifies an argument,
Weak reason serves to gain the will's assent,
For souls already warped receive an easy bent.
Dryden.

Pride came to the aid of fancy, and both combined
to fortify his resolution.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To surround with a wall, ditch, pali-

God is our fortress, in whose conquering name

Let us resolve to scale their flinty bulwarks. Shak Fortress (fort'res), v.t. To furnish with a fortress or fortresses; to defend by a fortress; to guard; to fortify

Honour and beauty, in the owner's arms,
Are weakly fortress'd from a world of harms. Shak.

Fortret (fort'ret), n. A little fort; a sconce; a fortlet.

Fortrodden, + Fortroden,p. and a. Utterly down-trodden. Chaucer.

Fortuit, a. Fortuitous; accidental. Chau

cer.

Fortuitous (for-tu'it-us), a. [L. fortuitus, from fors, fortis, chance. See FORTUNE.] Accidental; casual; happening by chance; coming or occurring unexpectedly or without any known cause.

How can the Epicurean's opinion be true that the universe was formed by a fortuitous concourse of Swift.

atoms?

-Accidental, Casual, Fortuitous, Contingent, Incidental. See under ACCIDENTAL. Fortuitously (for-tu'it-us-li), adv. Accidentally; casually; by chance. Fortuitousness (for-tu'it-us-nes), n. The quality of being accidental; accident; chance. Fortuity (for-tü'i-ti), n. Accident; chance; casualty.

Fortuna (for-tū'na), n. 1. In Rom. myth. the goddess of fortune.-2. A small planet or asteroid between the orbits of Mars and

FORTUNOUS

Jupiter, discovered August 22, 1852, by Professor Hind.

Fortunate (for'tu-nat), a. [L. fortunatus, pp. of fortuno, to make fortunate or prosperous. See FORTUNE.] 1. Coming by good luck or favourable chance; bringing some unexpected good; presaging happiness; auspicious; as, a fortunate event; a fortunate concurrence of circumstances; a fortunate ticket in a lottery.-2. Lucky; successful; receiving some unforeseen or unexpected good, or some good which was not dependent on one's own skill or efforts; as, a fortunate adventurer in a lottery; I was most fortunate thus unexpectedly to meet my friend.-Fortunate, Successful, Prosperous. Fortunate applies to that which is deemed beyond human control; successful denotes that effective human effort has been made to gain the object; prosperous has very much the meaning of successful, but is applied rather to a series of things than a single event; we say, a successful enterprise, a prosperous line of business, a fortunate circumstance.-SYN. Auspicious, lucky,prosperous, successful, favoured, happy. Fortunately (for'tü-nat-li), adv. In a fortunate manner; luckily; successfully; happily. Fortunateness (for'tū-nāt-nes), n. Fortune (for'tün), n. [L. fortuna, a lengthluck; success; happiness. ened form of fors, fortis, chance, hap, luck, from fero, to bring.] 1. Chance; accident; luck; fate; also, the personified or deified power regarded as determining human success, meting out happiness and unhappiness, and distributing arbitrarily or fortuitously the lots of life.

Good

'Tis more by fortune than by merit. Shak. O Fortune, Fortune, all men call thee fickle. Shak. 2. The good or ill that befalls or may befall man; success, good or bad; what the future may bring; lot: often in the plural; as, to share one's fortunes.

In you the fortune of Great Britain lies. Dryden. His father dying, he was driven to London to seek his fortune. Swift.

3. What a person has experienced in life; circumstances or events in life.

While he whose lowly fortune I retrace.
The youngest of three sons, was yet a babe.
Wordsworth.

4. Good success; prosperity; good luck.
It rained down fortune, showering on thy head.
Shak.

5. Estate; possessions; especially, large estate; great wealth; as, a gentlemen of small fortune; he married a lady of fortune. SYN. Chance, accident, luck, fate, lot, destiny, wealth, possessions. Fortunet (fortun), v. t. 1. To make fortunate. Chaucer.-2. To dispose of, fortunately or not. Shak.-3. To foretell the fortune or lot of; to presage. Dryden; Shak. Fortune (for'tūn), v.i. To befall; to fall out; to happen; to come casually to pass.

They attempted to remonstrate, but were warned to beware, lest 'it might fortune to cost some their heads.' Hallam.

Fortune-book (for'tün-buk), n. A book to be consulted to discover future events. Fortuned (for'tund), a. Supplied by fortune: used in composition. The full-fortuned Cæsar.' Shak. Fortune-hunter (for'tün-hunt-ér), n. A man who seeks to marry a woman with a large fortune, with a view to enrich himself. Fortune-hunting (for'tün-hunt-ing), n. The seeking of a fortune by marriage. Fortuneless (for'tün-les), a. Luckless; also, destitute of a fortune or portion. Fortune-stealer (for'tün-stél-ér), n. One who steals an heiress.

Fortune-tell (for'tün-tel), v. i. To tell, or pretend to tell, the future events of one's life; to reveal futurity. Shak.

He tipples palmistry, and dines

On all her fortune-telling lines. Cleaveland, Fortune-teller (for'tün-tel-ér), n. One who tells or reveals the events of one's life; an impostor who deceives people by pretendFortune-telling (fortun-tel-ing), n. The ing to a knowledge of future events. act or practice of foretelling the future fortune or events of one's life. Fortunizet (fortun-iz), v.t To regulate the fortune of; to render fortunate or happy. Fooles therefore They are which fortunes doe by vowes devise, Sith each unto himselfe his life may fortune. Spenser. Proceeding from fortune.

Fortunous,ta. Chaucer.

FORTY

Forty (forti), a. [A. Sax feówertig--feswer, four, and tig, ten See FOUR.] Four times ten; thirty-nine and one added.

Forty (forti), n. 1. The number which consists of four times ten; the sum of forty units. 2. A symbol expressing forty units, as 40 or xl.

Forum (forum), n. [L. Akin to foris, foras, out of doors.] 1. A market-place or public place in Rome where causes were judicially tried and orations delivered to the people. 2. A tribunal; a court; any assembly empowered to hear and decide causes.

He (Lord Camden) was, however, fully more eminent in the senate than the forum. Brougham. Forwaked, p. and a. Having waked long. Chaucer.

Forwandert (for-won'dèr), v. i. [ For, intens., and wander.] To wander away; to rove wildly; to wander till wearied. Spenser; Chaucer.

Forward (for'wèrd), adv. [A. Sax. forward, foreweard-for, fore, before, and weard, weardes, G. warts, used in composition to signify situation, direction. Comp. G. vorwarts.] Toward a part or place before or in front; onward; progressively: opposed to backward.

Forward (for’wêrd), a. 1. Near or at the forepart; being at the front; in advance of something else; anterior; fore; as, the forward gun in a ship, or the forward ship in a fleet; the forward horse in a team. Four legs and two voices. His forward voice now is to speak well of his friend; his backward voice is to utter foul speeches and to detract. Shak.

2. Ready: prompt; strongly inclined; in a bad sense, over hasty; over ready.

Only they would that we should remember the poor; the same which I also was forward to do.

Gal. ii. 10.

3. Ardent; eager; earnest; violent; in an ill sense, less reserved or modest than is proper; bold; confident; as, the boy is too forward for his years.

Or lead the forward youth to noble war. Prior. 4. Advanced beyond the usual degree; advanced for the season; as, the grass or the grain is forward, or forward for the season; we have a forward spring.-5. Not behindhand; not inferior; advanced in position or rank; prominent.

My good Camillo,

She is as forward of her breeding, as

She is i' the rear of our birth.

Shak

Whenever I shine,

I forward the grass and 1 ripen the vine. Swift. 2. To send forward; to send toward the place of destination; to transmit; as, to forward a letter or despatches. 3. In bookbinding, to prepare for the finisher, as a sewed book, by putting a plain cover on. Forwarder (for wêrd-ér), n. 1. One who

promotes or advances in progress. --2. One who sends forward or transmits goods; a forwarding merchant. [United States. ]3. In bookbinding, one who does the plain covering of a sewed book, and prepares it for the finisher.

Forwarding (for'wèrd-ing), p. and a. Advancing; promoting; aiding in progress: accelerating in growth; sending onward; transmitting. Forwarding merchant, a merchant whose business it is to receive and

forward goods for others. Forwarding note, a note in which a description of goods or a parcel is entered with the name of consignee and his place of residence and name of consignor to be sent along with goods, &c., conveyed by a carrier.

Forwarding (for'wèrd-ing), n. 1. The act or business of sending forward merchandise, &c. [United States ] 2. In bookbinding, the operation of plain covering a sewed book, and preparing it for the finisher. Forwardly (for'wèrd-li), adr. In a forward manner; eagerly; hastily; quickly. Forwardness (for werd-nes), n. The quality of being forward; cheerful readiness; promptness; eagerness; ardour; boldness; confidence; assurance; a state of advance beyond the usual degree; as, the forwardness of spring or of corn.

Pillars of our commonwealth, whose worth bountie, learning, forwardnesse, true zeale in religion, and

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good esteeme in all schollers, ought to be consecrated to all posterity. Burton.

In France it is usual to bring children into company, and cherish in them from their infancy a kind of forwardness and assurance. Addison.

-Forwardness, Willingness. Forwardness expresses more than willingness, in that it implies promptitude as well as readiness to make sacrifices for the cause.-SYN. Promptness, promptitude, eagerness, ardour, zeal, assurance, confidence, boldness, impudence, presumption.

Forwards (for werdz), adv. Forward (which see).

In opposition to this a new doctrine was put for wards in 1809. Whewell.

Forwastet (for-wast), v. t. [For, intens, and waste.] To waste; to desolate.

Vespasian, with great spoil and rage,
Forwasted all.

Spenser. [For, intens.,

Forwearyt (for-we'ri), v.t. and weary.] To dispirit; to weary excessively; to exhaust with fatigue.

Shak.

Whose labour'd spirits, Forwearied in this action of swift speed, Crave harbourage within your city walls. Forweep (for-wép), v.i. [For, intens., and weep.] To weep much. Chaucer. Forwelked, pp. [See WELK, v.i.] Much wrinkled. Chaucer.

Forwered, pp. Forwearied; worn out. Chau

Forwounded, pp. [For, intens., and wounded.] Much wounded. Chaucer. Forwrapped, pp. [Prefix for, intens., and wrapped.] Wrapped up. Chaucer. Foryelde, v.t. [For, intens., and yield.] To yield up; to pay; to repay. Chaucer. Foryete,t v.t. To forget. Chaucer. Foryetten, pp. Forgotten. Chaucer. Forzando, Sforzando (for-tsan'dó, sfortsan'do), adv. [It., properly ppr. of forzare or sforzare, to force.] In music, sudden and forcible; explosive; used to designate a tone which is produced suddenly and forcibly, and instantly diminished: usually indicated by the mark> over each note of the passage, or by the letters sf, sfz, or fz placed at the beginning of the passage, Foss, n. See FOSSE.

Fossa (fos'sa), n. [L., a ditch or trench, from fodio, fossum, to dig.] In anat. same as Fosse, 2.

Fossaget (fos'sāj), n. In anc. law, a composition paid to be free from the duty of cleaning the fosse or ditch surrounding a town.

Fossane (fos'ân), n. A species of carnivorous quadruped, of the weasel kind (Viverra fossa), allied to the genet, which it greatly resembles, found in Madagascar, Guinea, Cochin China, &c. Fosse, Foss (fos), n.

[Fr. fosse, L. fossa, a ditch, a trench, from fodio, fossum, to dig.] 1. In fort. a hollow place, ditch, or moat, commonly full of water, lying between the scarp and counterscarp below the rampart. and turning round a fortified place or a post that is to be defended.-2. In anat. (a) a kind of cavity in a bone with a large aperture. (b) An oval depression in a soft part, as that presented by the septum of the right auricle of the heart. Fossette (fos-set'), n. Fosset (fos'set), n. Same as Faucet.

[Fr., dim. from fosse, a ditch.] 1. A little hollow; a dimple. 2. In med. a small ulcer of the transparent Fossick (fos'sik), v.i. [Probably from fussy.] cornea, the centre of which is deep. 1. To be troublesome.-2. In gold-digging, to undermine another's digging; to search for waste gold in relinquished workings, washing places, &c.; hence, to search for any object by which to make gain; as, to fossick for clients.

The latest linguistic importation comes from Australia in the shape of the verb 'to fossick.'

FOSTER

ous substance found in perforating the bed of blue clay at Highgate, near London. It is a true vegetable gum or resin, partly changed by remaining in the earth.-Fossil Fossil (fos'sil), n. farina, a soft carbonate of lime.

A word which in its widest and literal sense means whatever is dug out of the earth, so that it includes all minerals and rocks, as well as the organic remains embedded in rocks, the former being the native fossils, the latter the extraneous fossils of older writers. It is now, however, restricted to designate the petrified forms of plants and animals which occur in the strata that compose the surface of our globe. Most of these fossil species, many of the genera, and some of the families, are extinct. When these remains are only partially fossilized, and occur in superficial or recent deposits, the term sub-fossil is employed. See under ORGANIC. Fossil-cork (fos'sil - kork), n. A popular name for asbestos when it assumes a felted cork-like texture. Fossil-cork is so light as to swim in water.

Fossil-flax (fos'sil-flaks), n. A popular name for asbestos when it appears in loose flaxlike fibres.

Fossiliferous (fos-sil-if'èr-us), a. [L. fo8silis, fossil, and fero, to bear, to produce.] Producing or containing fossils; as, fossiliFossilification (fos-sil'i-fi-ka"shon), n. Act ferous rocks. of fossilizing, or of becoming fossil. Fossilify (fos-sil'i-fi), v. t. [E. fossil, and L. facio, to make.] To convert into a fossil; to fossilize.

Fossilify (fos-sil'i-fi), v.i. To become a fossil.

Fossilism (fos'sil-izm), n. The nature or

science of fossils.

Fossilist (fos'sil-ist), n. One who studies the nature and properties of fossils; one who is versed in the science of fossils; a palæontologist.

Fossility (fos-sil'i-ti), n. Quality or state of a fossil.

Fossilization (fos'sil-iz-a"shon), n. The act or process of fossilizing or converting animal or vegetable substances into fossils or petrifactions; the state of being fossilized. Fossilize (fos'sil-iz), v.t. pret. & pp. foxsilized; ppr. fossilizing. 1. To convert into a fossil; as, to fossilize bones or wood. 2. To render permanently antiquated; to cause to be out of harmony with present time and circumstances; to check the natural development of by rendering fixed and unchangeable; to render insensible to new influences; as, age has a tendency to fossilize men's minds and ideas.

There, indeed, you are among the French, the fossilized remains of the old régime. Lord Lytton. Fossilize (fos'sil-iz), v. i. 1. To become or be changed into a fossil-2. To become antiquated, rigid, and fixed; to become incapable of being affected by the influence of the present time and circumstances. Fossilogist (fos-sil'o-jist), n. A fossilist.

Jodrell.

Fossilogy (fos-sil'o-ji), n. Same as FosFossilology (fos-sil-ol'o-ji), n. silology. [E. fossil, and Gr. logos, a discourse.] The science of fossils. Fossil-wood (fos'sil-wud), n. A popular name for the mineral asbestus when it appears in a form resembling fossilized wood. Fossores (fos-so'réz), n. pl. [L fossor, a digger, from fodio, fossum, to dig.] 1. An extensive sub-section of hymenopterous insects belonging to the division Aculeata, or those furnished with a sting in the females. The legs are formed only for walking, or for burrowing. To this sub-section belong the garden-wasps, the smooth wasps, the sandwasps, &c.-2. That group of quadrupeds which contains the burrowing-moles. Fossorial (fos-so'ri-al), a. Pertaining to animals which dig their retreats and seek their food in the earth, as the mole; adapted for digging; as, a fossorial animal; a fossorial

Fossorial (fos-so'ri-al), n. An animal which digs into the earth for a retreat or residence, and whose feet are adapted for that purpose; a burrowing animal. Fossulate (fos'sū-lát), a. [L. fossula, dim. of fossa, a ditch. See FOSSA.] In nat. hist. a term applied to a surface which presents one or more somewhat long and narrow depressions.

Foster (fos'tër), v. t. [A. Sax. fóstrian, to nourish, from foster,food, nourishment,from

FOSTER

fóda, food. See FEED, FOOD, FODDER.] 1. To feed; to nourish; to support; to bring up. Some say that ravens foster forlorn children. Shak. The deliverer of his country appeared in the person of Hakon, a son born in Harold Fairhair's old age, whom he had sent to be fostered by Athelstane, the great English king. Edin. Rev.

2. To cherish; to promote the growth of; to encourage; to sustain and promote; as, the genial warmth of spring fosters the plants; to foster passion or genius.

He never fostered commerce by the only means by which we can really promote its growth. Brougham. -Foster, Cherish, Harbour, Indulge. See under CHERISH.

Foster (fos'ter), v.i. To be nourished or
trained up together. Spenser.
Foster (fos'tër), n. A forester.
Spenser.

Chaucer;

Fosterage (fos ́tèr-āj), n. The charge of nursing Raleigh.

Foster-babe (fos'tér-bab), n. An infant foster-child. Byron.

Foster-brother (fos'tér-bruн-èr), n. A male nursed at the same breast, or fed by the same nurse, but not the offspring of the same parents.

Foster-child (fos'ter-child), n. A child nursed by a woman not the mother, or bred by a man not the father. Addison. Foster-dam (fos'ter-dam), n. A nurse; one that performs the office of a mother by giving food to a child. Dryden. Foster-daughter (fos'tèr-da-tér), n. A female fed and educated like a danghter, though not one by birth.

Foster-earth (fos'tér-érth), n. Earth by which a plant is nourished, though not its native soil.

Fosterer (fos'tèr-ér), n. A nurse; one that feeds and nourishes in the place of parents. Foster-father (fos'ter-fa'THer), n. One who takes the place of a father in feeding and educating a child.

Foster-land (fos'tér-land), n. Land allotted for the maintenance of a person. Fosterleant (fos tér-len), n. [Foster, and A. Sax. len, a loan, reward.] The remuneration fixed for the rearing of a foster-child; also, the jointure of a wife. Wharton. Fosterling (fos'tèr-ling), n. I'll none o' your light-heart fosterlings, no inmates. B. Jonson. Fosterment (fos'tèr-ment), n. Food; nourishment.

A foster-child.

Fostershipt (fos'ter-ship), n. Forestership. Foster-sister (fos'tér-sis-tér), n. A female, not a sister, nursed by the same person. Foster-son (fos'tér-sun), n. One fed and educated like a son, though not a son by birth. Dryden.

Fostress (fos'tres), n. A female who feeds and cherishes; a nurse. B. Jonson. Fote-hot, adv. Foot-hot; straightway; immediately. Chaucer. Fote-mantel, n. Foot-mantle; a ridingpetticoat. Chaucer.

Fother (fo'THér), n. A species of weight. See FODDER.

Fother (fo'THèr), v. t. [A. Sax. foder, fodder, food, a covering or case; comp. G. füttern, to feed, to line, to case, from futter, lining, food, fodder.] To endeavour to stop, as a leak in the bottom of a ship, while afloat, by letting down a sail by the corners and putting chopped yarn, oakum, wool, cotton, &c., between it and the ship's sides. Fotive (föt iv), a. [From L. foveo, fotum, to warm.] Nourishing. Carew. Fotmal (fot'mal), n. A commercial term for 70 lbs. of lead.

Fou (fo), a. Full; drunk. [Scotch.]

Tam lo'ed him like a vera brither

They had been fou for weeks thegither. Burns. Fouat (fo'at), n. The house-leek. [Scotch.] Foudre, Foulder, n. [Fr.] Lightning. Chaucer.

Fougade, Fougasse (fö-gad', fo- gäs'), n [Fr., from fougue, impetuosity; It. fogoprobably from L. focus, a hearth or fire-place, a fire.] Milit, a little mine in the form of a well, 8 or 10 feet wide and 10 or 12 deep, dug under some work, fortification, or post, charged with sacks of powder, or powder and shells, and covered with stones or earth,

324

for destroying the works by explosion. Sometimes a fougade is dug outside the works to defend them, and sometimes beneath to destroy them by explosion. Fought (fat), pret. & pp. of fight. Foughten, pp. of fight. Fought; overworked; outwearied; troubled. [Old English and Scotch.]

Burns.

Are we sae foughten an' harass'd For fear to gang that gate at last? Foul (foul), a. [A. Sax. fúl, foul. Cog Fris. ful, G. faul, Dan. fuul, putrid, corrupt, rotten, fetid; L. puteo, Lith. puti, Skr. puy, to be putrid.] 1. Covered with or containing extraneous matter, which is injurious, noxious, or offensive; filthy; dirty; not clean; as, a foul cloth; foul hands; a foul chimney; the ship has a foul bottom.

My face is foul with weeping. Job xvi. 16. 2. Turbid; thick; muddy; as, foul water; a foul stream.-3. Scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive; as, foul words; foul language. Is't not enough, thou hast suborn'd these women To accuse this worthy man; but, in foul mouth, And in the witness of his proper ear, To call him villain?

Shak.

4. Cloudy and stormy; rainy or tempestuous; as, foul weather.-5. Loathsome; defiling; as, a foul disease. 6. Wicked; detestable; abominable; hateful; shameful; odious; as, a foul deed.

Babylon... the hold of every foul spirit.
Rev. xviii. 2.
Hast thou forgot

Shak.

The foul witch Sycorax? Who first seduced them to that foul revolt? Milton. 7. Unfair; not honest; not lawful or according to established rules or customs; as, foul play.-8. Coarse; gross.

They are all for rank and foul feeding. Felton. 9. Full of weeds; full of gross humours or impurities; as, the garden is very foul. You perceive the body of our kingdom, How foul it is. Shak. 10. Unsightly; homely; of little value. Let us, like merchants, show our foulest wares, And think perchance they'll sell. Shak.

11. Naut. entangled; having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement with anything: opposed to clear; as, a rope is foul.--12. Not favourable, safe, or propitious; not fair or advantageous; contrary; dangerous; as, a foul wind; a foul road or bay. To fall foul, to fall out; to quarrel. If they be any ways offended, they fall foul Burton-To run or fail foul of (sometimes to fall foul on or upon), to rush upon with haste, rough force, and unseasonable violence; to run against; to stumble over or upon; as, the ship fell foul of her consort.

In his sallies their men might fall foul of each other. Clarendon.

As ships, though never so obsequious, fall Foul in a tempest on their admiral. Waller. -To make foul water (naut.), to come into such shoal or low water that the keel comes near the bottom, so that the motion of the water under it raises the mud from the bottom and fouls the water: said of a ship. Foul anchor, an anchor whose cable is twisted round the stock or one of the flukes. A foul copy, the first rough draught of any writing, defaced with alterations, corrections, obliterations, &c.: opposed to fair copy or clean copy-Foul proof, in printing, an uncorrected printed slip, before the typographical and other errors have been rectified; a proof containing many errors. Foul (foul), v. t. [Directly from the adjective.] 1. To make filthy; to defile; to daub; to dirty; to bemire; to soil; as, to foul the clothes; to foul the face or hands. Ezek. xxxiv. 18. His stockings foul'd, ungarter'd, and down-gyved to his ankle.' Shak 'She fouls a smock more in one hour.' Swift.

Beware of lust, it doth pollute and foul whom God in baptisme washed with his own blood. G. Herbert.

2. To bring into collision or entangle with something that impedes motion.

Foul (foul), v. i. 1. To become foul or dirty; as, this gun fouls very frequently--2. Naut. to come into collision, as two boats: to become entangled or clogged; as, the rope fouled; the block fouled.

Foulard (fo-lar), n. [Fr.] A kind of silk material for ladies' dresses, originally brought from India; a silk handkerchief or cravat. Foulder (foul'dër), v.i. [0. Fr. fouldre, lightning, Fr. foudre, from L. fulgur] To emit great heat; to flame as lightning; to burn.

FOUNDATION-STONE

Chaucer.

Seem'd that loud thunder, with amazement great, Did rend the ratling skies with flames of fould ring heat. Spenser. Foule,+ n. A bird; a fowl. Foully (foul'li), adv. In a foul manner; filthily; nastily; hatefully; scandalously; disgracefully; shamefully; unfairly; dishonestly.

I foully wronged him: do forgive me, do. Gay. Thou play'dst most foully for it. Shak. Foul-mouthed (foul'mouTнd), a. Using language scurrilous, opprobrious, obscene, or profane; uttering abuse, or profane or obscene words; accustomed to use bad language.

So foul-mouthed a witness never appeared in any
Addison.

cause.

Foulness (foul'nes), n.

The quality or state of being foul or filthy; filthiness; defilement; pollution; impurity; hatefulness; atrociousness; ugliness; deformity; unfairness; dishonesty; as, the foulness of a cellar or of a well; the foulness of a musket; the foulness of a ship's bottom; the foulness of a deed.

There is not so chaste a nation as this, nor so free from all pollution or foulness. Bacon. Consul, you are too mild; The foulness of some facts takes thence all mercy. B. Jonson. The foulness of th' infernal form to hide. Dryden. Piety is opposed to hypocrisy and insincerity, and all falseness or foulness of intentions. Hammond. Foulspoken (foul'spök-n), a. Using profane, scurrilous, slanderous, or obscene language. Foumart (fo'märt), n. [Prov. E. foulmart, O.E. fulimart, foliert, from E. foul, A. Sax. ful, and mart, marten; Fr. marte. Comp. the G. stinkmarder (stinking marten).] The polecat (which see).

Found (found), pret. and pp. of find. Found (found), v.t. [Fr. fonder, from L. fundo, to found, from fundus, the bottom of anything.] 1. To lay the basis of; to fix, set, or place, as on something solid for support; to ground; to base; to establish on a basis literal or figurative; to fix firmly. It fell not, for it was founded on a rock. Mat. vii. 25. Power, founded on contract, can descend only to him who has right by that contract. Locke.

I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the rock. Shak. 2. To take the first steps or measures in erecting or building up; to begin to raise ; to begin to form or lay the basis of; to originate; as, to found a college or library. 'Wherewith he did the Theban city found.' Dryden.

Hath wrought confusion in the Table Round

Which good King Arthur founded. Tennyson. Found (found), v. i. To rest or rely: followed by on or upon; as, I found upon the evidence of my senses.

Found (found), v. t. [Fr. fondre, to melt, to cast, from L. fundo, fusum, to pour out (hence fuse, &c.). Same root as in Gr. cheō, cheuso, to pour] To cast; to form by melting a metal and pouring it into a mould. Foundation (found-a'shon), n. [L. L. fundatio, from L. fundo, fundatum. See FOUND, to lay the basis of anything.] 1. The act of founding, fixing, establishing, or beginning to build.-2. The solid ground on which the walls of a building rest; also, that part of the building or wall which is under the surface of the ground; hence, the basis or groundwork of anything; that on which anything stands and by which it is supported. Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation, a stone... a precious corner-stone. Is. xxvii. 16.

Other foundation can no man lay than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. 1 Cor. iii. 11.

3. A donation or legacy appropriated to support an institution, and constituting a permanent fund, usually for a charitable purpose; fund invested for a benevolent purpose; endowment.

He had an opportunity of going to school on a foundation. Swift.

4. That which is founded or established by an endowment; an endowed institution or charity.

Foundationer (found-a'shon-er), n. One who derives support from the foundation or endowment of a college or endowed school Foundationless (found-a'shon-les), a. Having no foundation.

Foundation-muslin (found-a"shon-muz'lin), n. An open-worked, gummed fabric, used for stiffening dresses, bonnets, and the like. Simmonds.

Foundation-school (found-a'shon-skol), n. An endowed school. See FOUNDATION, 3. Foundation-stone (found-a'shon-stōn), n. A stone of a public building, laid in public

FOUNDE

with some ceremony: such a stone has no necessary connection with the foundation of the building.

Founde,t v.t. [See FOND, v.i.] To try. Chaucer.

Founder (found'ér), n. One who founds, fixes, or establishes; as, (a) one who lays a foundation or begins to erect; as, the founder of a temple or city. (b) An author; one from whom anything originates; as, the founder of a sect of philosophers; the founder of a family or race.

Of the whole modern movement of metaphysical science, we have already pointed out Bacon and Descartes as the founders. F. D. Morell.

(c) One who endows; one who furnishes a permanent fund for the support of an institution; as, the founder of a college or hospital.

Founder (found'ér), n. One who founds; one who casts metals in various forms; a caster; as, a founder of cannon, bells, hardware, printing types, &c. Founder (founder), v.i

[0.Fr. fondrer, afondrer, to sink as a ship, to go to the bottom, to founder--fond, ground, bottom, from L. fundus, the bottom.] 1. Naut. to fill or be filled and sink, as a ship which is no longer able to keep above water.-2. To fail; to miscarry. All his tricks founder.' Shak. 3. To trip; to fall; to go lame, as a horse. Founder (found'êr), v.t. To cause internal inflammation and great soreness in the feet of a horse, so as to disable or lame him. Founder (found'ér), n. In farriery, (a) a lameness occasioned by inflammation within the hoof of a horse. (b) An inflammatory fever of the body, or acute rheumatism. Founderous (found'ér-us), a. Causing to founder, go lame, or be knocked up.

I have travelled through the negociation, and a sad founderous road it is. Burke. Founders'-dust (found'êrz-dust), n. In founding, charcoal powder, and coal and coke dust, ground fine, and sifted for casting purposes. Simmonds.

Founders'-sand (found'érz-sand), n. In founding, a species of sand obtained from Lewisham, Kent, and other districts, for making foundry moulds. Foundery. See FOUNDRY.

Foundling (found'ling), n. [Dim. formed from found, as bantling from band, darling from dear.] A deserted or exposed infant; a child found without a parent or owner. Foundling-hospital (found"ling-hos'pital), n. A hospital at which children deserted by their parents and found by strangers are brought up.

Foundress (found'res), n. A female founder; a woman who founds or establishes, or who endows with a fund. Foundry, Foundery (found'ri, found'é-ri). n [Fr. fonderie.] 1. The art of casting metals into various forms for use by melting them and pouring them into moulds.-2. The buildings and works occupied for casting metals; as, a foundry of bells, of hollow ware, of cannon, of types, &c. Fount (fount), n. [L. fons, fontis.] A spring of water; a fountain.-Holy-water fount, the stone basin or receptacle for holy-water in Roman Catholic churches. See ASPERSORIUM and STOUP.-Fount of types. See FONT. Fountain (fount'an), n. [Fr. fontaine, L. L.

325

constantly supplied with pure water for drinking or other useful purposes, or for ornament. Ornamental fountains are often introduced in gardens and pleasure-grounds; and public fountains, of an elaborate character, are often met with in continental towns, especially in Italy. - 3. Origin; first principle or cause; the source of anything. 'Almighty God, the fountain of all goodness.' Common Prayer.-4. In heraldry, a circle called a roundle divided into six spaces by waved lines across the shield, and tinctured argent and

azure.

Fountain.

Fountain-head (fount'an-hed), n. Primary source; original; first principle.

Above our atmosphere's intestine wars, Rain's fountain-head, the magazine of hail. Young. Fountainless (fount'an-les), a. Having no fountain; wanting a spring.

A barren desert fountainless and dry. Milton. Fountain-pen (fount'an-pen), n. A writing pen with a reservoir for furnishing a continuous supply of ink.

Fountain-tree (fount'an-tre), n. 1. A popular name of the Indian cedar (Cedrus Deodara), from the large quantity of turpentine which it yields.-2. A popular name for a Brazilian tree, Caesalpinia pluviosa, the young twigs of which yield, when shaken, a clear drinkable fluid.

Fountful (fount'ful), a. Full of springs; as, fountful Ida.

Fouquiera (fö-ké-a'ra), n. pl. [After Dr. Pierre Eloi Fouquier, a professor of medicine at Paris.] Á genus of Mexican plants, a somewhat abnormal form of nat. order Tamaricaceae, The three species are trees or shrubs, with entire oblong fleshy clustered leaves, seated in the axil of a spine or a cushion, with scarlet flowers arranged in a terminal spike or panicle. Four (for), a. [A. Sax. feower. Cog. O. Sax. fwar, Fris. flower; G. and D. vier; Goth. fidvor; L. quatuor; Gr. tessares or tettares; Russ. cetvero; W. pedwar; Ir. ceathair; Skr. chatvar; Pali chattaró. The hypothetical primitive form is katvar, supposed to be compounded of ka for eka, one (as in Skr.), and tear, three.] Twice two; denoting the sum of two and two.

Four (for), n. 1. The number consisting of twice two. Hence-2. A four-oared boat; the crew of a four-oared boat.-To go or run on all four, or on all fours, (a) to go or run on the hands and feet, or the hands and

knees.

A child naturally goes on all four. Bp. Horne. (b) To be perfect or con

sistent in all respects; as, the simile does not run on all fours. See ALL

FOURS.

Fourbe (förb), n. [Fr.] A tricking fellow; a cheat. Evelyn.

Cross fourchee.

Fourchee, Fourchi (för-
she', för'shi), pp. [Fr.
fourché, forked.] In her.
an appellation given to a cross forked at
the ends.

Fourchette (för-shet), n. [Fr., a
fork, a table-fork.] 1. In anat.
(a) the thin posterior commissure
by which the labia majora of the
pudendum unite together. (b) The
united clavicles or merry-thought
of birds.--2. In surg. an instru-
ment used to raise and support
the tongue during the operation
of dividing the frænum.-3. In
glovemaking, the piece between
the two fingers to which the
front and back portions are
sewed.
Four-cornered (for'kor-nerd), a.
Having four corners or angles.
Four-edged (fōr'ejd), a. Having
four edges.

Fourfold (för'föld), a. Four times
told; quadruple; as, a fourfold
division.

He shall restore the lamb fourfold. 2 Sam. xii. 6.

Fourfold (förföld), n. Four times as many or as much.

FOUR-WAY COCK

Fourgon (för-gon), n. [Fr.] An ammunition waggon or tumbril; a baggage-cart.

My Lord Bareacre's chariot, britska, and fourgon, that anybody might pay for who liked. Thackeray. Four-handed (för hand-ed), a. Having four hands; quadrumanous.

Four-horse (för hors), a. Drawn by four horses; as, a four-horse coach.

Fourierism (fö'ri-er-izm), n. The system propounded by Charles Fourier, a Frenchman. According to him all the world was to be subdivided into phalansteries or associations, consisting of 1800 members, each group occupying a common edifice, and all enjoying the fruit of their labours in common. Though talent and industry were to be rewarded, no one was to be allowed to be indigent, or debarred from a certain amount of luxury and amusement. A universal language was to be established, while the several groups were to be associated together under a central government, like the cantons of Switzerland or the States of America. Fourierism is one of the specific forms of Communism.

Fourierist, Fourierite (fö'ri-ér-ist, fö'ri-erit), n. An adherent of the system propounded by Charles Fourier of Besançon. Four-in-hand (för'in-hand), n. A vehicle drawn by four horses and guided by one driver holding all the reins.

As quaint a four-in-hand as you shall see.

Tennyson.

Four-in-hand (fōrin-hand), a. Drawn by four horses and guided by one driver holding all the reins; as, a four-in-hand coach. Four-in-hand (for in-hand), adv. With four horses yoked to a vehicle and guided by reins held in the hand of a single driver; as, he was driving four-in-hand. Fourling (for ling), n. One of four children

born at the same time.

Fourm (form), n. Same as Form. B. Jonson. Fourneau (för-no), n. [Fr.] Milit. the chamber of a mine in which the powder is lodged.

Fourpence (för' pens), n. A small silver coin worth four penníes; a fourpenny bit; a groat.

Fourpenny (för'pen-ni), a. Of the value of fourpence; that may be purchased for fourpence.

Fourpenny (för'pen-ni), n. A small silver coin worth fourpence.

Four-poster (for'post-ér), n. A large bed having four posts or pillars for the curtains. Fourpounder (for-pound'er), n. A loaf, 4 lbs. in weight.

I ha' gone and bought a four pounder out of another baker's shop. Mrs. Gaskell.

[Fr.] A harbinger.

Fourrier (för'rer), n. Sir G. Buck. Fourscore (för skör), a. [See SCORE.] Four times twenty; eighty. It is used elliptically for fourscore years; as, a man of fourscore. Fourscore (for'skör), n. Twenty taken four times; eighty units.

Foursome, Foursum (four'sum), a. A word applied to anything in which four act together; as, a foursum reel. [Scotch.] Foursquare (for'skwar), a. Having four sides and four angles equal; square.

And thou shalt make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad, the altar shall be foursquare. Ex. xxvii. 1. Fourteen (för'ten), n. 1. The number consisting of ten and four.-2. A symbol representing this number, as 14 or xiv. Fourteen (för'ten), a. [Four and ten; A. Sax. feowertyn.] Four and ten; twice seven. Fourteenth (för tenth), a. The ordinal of fourteen; the fourth after the tenth. Fourteenth (för tenth), n. 1. One of fourteen equal parts in which a whole is divided; the quotient of a unit divided by fourteen. 2. In music, the octave or replicate of the seventh, a distance comprehending thirteen diatonic intervals.

Fourth (förth), d. The ordinal of four; the next after the third.

Fourth (förth), n. 1. One of four equal parts into which a whole is divided; the quotient of a unit divided by four.-2. In music, an interval composed of two tones and a semitone. Three full tones compose a tritone or fourth redundant. The diminished fourth consists of a whole tone and two semitones; and the perfect fourth of two whole tones and a semitone. Fourthly (förth'li), adv. In the fourth Four-way Cock, Four-way Valve (fōr'wa kok, for wå valv), n. A description of automatic valve occasionally used in steam