FRIENDLESS

lity of being a friend; friendliness. To express his love and friending to you.' Shak. Friendless (frend'les), a. Destitute of friends; wanting countenance or support; forlorn.

Friendlessness (frend'les-nes), n. The state of being friendless.

Friendlike (frend'lik), a. Like a friend;

like what marks a friend.

Friendlily (frend'li-li), adv. In a friendly

manner.

It was a sudden thought since we parted; and tell me if it is not better to be suppressed, freely and friendlily. Pope. Friendliness (frend'li-nes), n. 1. The condition or quality of being friendly; a disposition to favour or befriend; good-will.2. Exercise of benevolence or kindness.

Let all the intervals be employed in prayers, charity, friendliness, and neighbourhood. Fer. Taylor. Friendly (frend'li), a. 1. Having the temper and disposition of a friend; kind; disposed to promote the good of another.

Thou to mankind

Be good and friendly still, and oft return. Milton.

2. Amicable; appropriate to friendship; befitting friends; as, we are on friendly terms. 3. Not hostile; disposed to peace; as, a friendly power or state.-4. Favourable; propitious; salutary: promoting the good of; as, a friendly breeze or gale; excessive rains are not friendly to the ripening fruits.-Friendly societies, associations chiefly among tradesmen and mechanics, for the purpose of forming a fund for the assistance of members in sickness, or of their relatives or

others in case of death.-Amicable, Friend ly. See under AMICABLE. Friendly (frend'li), adv. In the manner of friends; amicably. [Rare.]

For I must tell you friendly in your ear,
Sell when you can.

Shak.

Friendship (frend'ship), n. 1. An attachment to a person, proceeding from intimate acquaintance and a reciprocation of kind offices, or from a favourable opinion of the amiable and estimable qualities of his mind; mutual attachment; intimacy.

There can be no friendship without confidence, and no confidence without integrity. Rambler. Love is the shadow of the morning, which decreases as the day advances. Friendship is the shadow of the evening, which strengthens with the setting sun of life. Trans. of La Fontaine.

2. Favour; personal kindness.

His friendships, still to few confined,

Were always of the middling kind. Swift.

3. Friendly aid; help; assistance.

Gracious, my lord, hard by here is a hovel,

Some friendship will it lend you 'gainst the tempest.

Shak.

4. Conformity; affinity; correspondence; aptness to unite.

We know those colours which have a friendship for each other. Dryden.

Frier (fri'èr), n. One who or that which fries. Friese (frēz), n. The language of Friesland; Frisian.

Butter, bread, cheese,

Are good English and good Friese. Old rhyme. Friesic, Friesish (frēz'ik, frez'ish), a. Of or belonging to Friesland.

Frieze, Frize (frēz), n. [A word of obscure origin. It is the same no doubt as Fr. frise, It. fregio, Sp. friso, but the origin of these words is equally uncertain. Diez and others regard as the origin a Germanic root seen in E. frizzle, to curl or crisp, and also in Fr. friser, to curl, to frizzle, and in the name Frisians, that is, curly-haired people. Littré

Frieze, from Temple on the Illyssus. inclines to trace the Fr. frise through the L. L. fresium, frisium, frigium, to phrygium,

336

a fringe or other ornament, from the name of the people called Phrygians, Phrygian apparel being famous for richness. Dozy derives the Fr. word from Sp. friso, and that from Ar. ifriz, a ledge on a wall.] In arch. that part of the entablature of a column which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, usually enriched with figures or other ornaments of sculpture. See ENTABLATURE.

Cornice or frieze with bossy sculptures graven. Milton. Frieze (frēz), n. [Probably from Friesland, once the principal seat of its manufacture; but see also above.] A coarse woollen cloth having a shaggy nap on one side, still extensively manufactured in Ireland, where the word is pronounced friz.

Frieze (frēz), v.t. pret. & pp. friezed; ppr. friezing. To form, as the nap of woollen cloth, into a number of little hard burs or prominences, covering almost the whole of the ground; to frizzle; to curl.

Frieze, Frize (frēz), a. Made of coarse woollen cloth. A great frieze coat. 'Addison. Friezed (frēzd), a. Napped; shaggy with

nap or frieze.

Frieze-panel (frēz pan-el), n. One of the Friezelike (frēz'lik), a. Resembling frieze. upper panels of a door of six panels. Friezer (frēz'èr), n. He who or that which friezes. Frieze-rail (frēz'ral), n. The rail next the Friezing-machine (frēz'ing-ma-shen), n. A top rail of a door of six panels. machine for friezing cloth.

Friga, Frigga (frig'a, frig'ga), n. [Grimm has shown that this name is, if not strictly synonymous, at least very nearly allied to that of the Scandinavian goddess Freyja (with whom indeed Frigga is often confounded), and explains it to mean the Free, the Beauteous, the Winsome, connecting it with E. free, and also friend.] In Scand. myth. the wife of Odin, a goddess corresponding in some respects to the Aphrodite of the Greeks and Venus of the Romans. Called also Freya. See FRIDAY. Frigate (fri'gat), n. [Fr. frégate; Pg. fregata, from L. aphractus, a vessel without a deck, Gr. aphraktos, unguarded a, priv., and

Frigate, with studding-sails set. phrasso, to defend; or more probably from L. fabricata, a construction, something fabricated, like Fr. bâtiment, a structure, also a ship, from batir, to build.] 1. Naut. among ships of war of the older class, a vessel of a size larger than a sloop or brig, and less than a ship of the line; usually carrying her guns (which varied from about thirty to fifty or sixty in number) on the main deck and on a raised quarter-deck and forecastle, or having two decks. Such ships were often fast sailers, and were much employed as scouts and cruisers in the great wars of the eighteenth and early part of the nineteenth centuries. Since the introduction of iron-clad vessels the term frigate has been applied to warships of this kind having a high speed and great fighting power.-2. Any small vessel on the water.

Behold the water work and play

About her little frigate, therein making way. Spenser. -Double-banked frigates, or double-bankers, such as carried guns on two decks, and had a flush upper-deck-Steam-frigates, large steam-ships carrying guns on a flush upper-deck, and having a tier also on the lower deck.

Frigate-bird (Tachypetes aquila).

is long, robust, and strong. Their immense extent of wing, measuring, according to some, 14 feet from tip to tip, and dashing habits, have obtained for them the name of the swiftest sailing ships of war. The best known species is the T. aquila, very common in the intertropical American coasts, and in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, but always within reach of land.

Frigate-built (fri'gat-bilt), a. Naut. having a quarter-deck and forecastle raised above the main deck.

Frigatoon (fri-ga-tön'), n. Naut. a Venetian vessel with a square stern, without a foremast, having only a mainmast and mizzenmast.

Frigefactiont (fri-ji-fak'shon), n. [L. frigus, cold, and facio, to make.] The act of making cold.

Frigefactive, Frigifactivet (fri-ji-fakt'iv), a. Tending or serving to make cold; cooling. Frigerate (frij'ér-at), v.t. To cool. Blount. Frigeratory (frij'ér-a-to-ri), n. A place for cooling; a refrigerator. Scott. Fright (frit), n. [By common metathesis from A. Sax. fyrhtu, fyrhto, fear; also forht, timid; cog. G. furcht, D. vrucht, fear. Hence frighten. Fear is probably akin in origin.] 1. Sudden and violent fear; terror; a passion excited by the sudden appearance of danger. It expresses more than fear, and is distinguished from fear and dread by its sudden invasion and temporary existence; fright being usually of short duration, whereas fear and dread may be long continued.-2. Anything which from its appearance might cause fear; specifically, a person of a shocking, disagreeable, or ridiculous appearance either in person or dress; as, she is a perfect fright.

But now they'll busk her like a fright. Burns. SYN. Affright, alarm, terror, consternation, dismay.

Fright (frit), v. t. To frighten; to affright; to scare. 'Nor exile or danger can fright a brave spirit.' Dryden. Half amazed, half frighted all his flock.' Tennyson. Frighten (frit'n), v.t. To strike with fright; to terrify; to scare; to alarm suddenly. So terrible his name,

Fielding.

Nurses frighten children with it. SYN. To affright, terrify, scare, dismay, daunt, intimidate. Frightenable (frit'n-a-bl), a. That may be frightened. Coleridge. [Rare.] Frightful (frit'ful), a. 1. Terrible; dreadful: exciting alarm; impressing terror; as, a frightful chasm or precipice; a frightful tempest.2. Impressed with the feeling of fright; full of terror; alarmed; timid.

See how the frightful herds run from the wood.
W. Browne.
The neighbours were frightful and would not con-
Foote.

sent.

FRITTER

flinders, but there seems to be no reason for this distinction] 1. A small piece of anything cut to be fried, as a small piece of meat, a small pancake of fried batter, a fried mushroom.-2. A fragment; a shred; a small piece.

And cut whole giants into fritters. Hudibras. Fritter (frit'ter), v.t. 1. To cut, as meat, into small pieces to be fried.-2. To break into small pieces or fragments.

Break all their nerves, and fritter all their sense.

Pope. To fritter away, to waste or expend by little and little; to waste by a little at a time; to spend frivolously or in trifles.

If ever he had any nerve, he frittered it away among cooks and tailors, and barbers and furnituremongers, and opera dancers. Thackeray.

Frivolism (fri'vol-izm), n. Frivolity. Priestley. [Rare.]

Frivolity (fri-vol'i-ti), n. The condition or quality of being frivolous or trifling; insignificance; also, the act or habit of triting; unbecoming levity of mind or disposition.

The admiral was no stranger to the frivolity, as well as falsehood, of what he urged in his defence. Robertson.

Frivolous (fri'vol-us), a. [L. frivolus; Fr. frivole.] 1. Of little weight, worth, or importance; not worth notice; slight; trifling; trivial; as, a frivolous argument; a frivolous objection or pretext.-2. Given to trifling; characterized by unbecoming levity; silly; weak.

It is the characteristic of little and frivolous minds to be wholly occupied with the vulgar objects of life. Blair.

SYN. Trifling, trivial, slight, unimportant, petty, worthless, silly, weak. Frivolously (fri'vol-us-li), adv. In a trifling

manner.

Frivolousness (fri'vol-us-nes), n. The quality of being frivolous or of very little worth or importance; want of consequence. Friz, v.t. See FRIZZ.

Friz, n. See FRIZZ.

Frize (frēz), n. Same as Frieze.

Frizz, Friz (friz), v.t. [Fr. friser, to curl. See FRIEZE.] 1. To curl; to crisp; to form into small curls with a crisping-pin. -2. To form into little burs, prominences, or knobs, as the nap of cloth. Frizz, Friz (friz), n. That which is frizzed or curled, as a wig.

He (Dr. Johnson), who saw in his glass how his wig became his face and his head, might easily infer that a similar full-bottomed, well-curled fris of words would be no less becoming to his thoughts. Hare. Frizz (friz), v.t. To rub, as chamois and wash leather, with pumice stone or a blunt knife, in order to soften their surface and give them a uniform thickness.

Frizzle (friz'l), v. t. pret. & pp. frizzled; ppr. frizzling. [Dim. from frizz, to curl] To curl or crisp, as hair; to frizz. Frizzle (friz'l), n. crisped. To rumple her laces, her frizzles, and her bobbins. Milton.

A curl; a lock of hair

Frizzler (frizlèr), n. One who frizzles. Frizzly, Frizzy (friz'li, friz'zi), a. Curly Light frizzly hair. Sam. Warren. Fro (fro), adv. [A.Sax fra. See FROM.] From; away; back or backward; as in the phrase, to and fro, that is, to and from, forward or toward and backward, hither and thither. Frock (frok), n. [Fr. froe, a monk's habit; L.L. frocus, froccus, flocus, a monk's habit with long sleeves, so called because floccosa, woolly, from L. floccus, a flock of wool.] 1. Primarily, an ecclesiastical garment with large sleeves worn by monks; hence the phrase, to unfrock a priest.-2. An upper coat; an outer garment; especially, a loose garment worn by men over their other clothes; a kind of gown, which opens behind, worn by females and children. Frock-coat (frok'köt), n. A kind of straitbodied coat, having the same length before and behind; a surtout.

Frocked (frokt), a. Clothed in a frock. Frockless (frok'les), a. Destitute of a frock. Froe (fro), n. Same as Frow, a tool. Froe (fro), n. [D. vrow; G. frau, a woman, a wife] A frow; a dirty idle woman. Raging frantic froes.' Drayton. Frog (frog), n. [A Sux. frocga, froga, frose, frox; Comp. D. vorsch, G. frosch, Dan. frö, N. frosk.] The common English name of the animals belonging to the genus Rana, a genus of amphibians, having four legs with four toes on the fore feet and five on the hind. more or less webbed, a naked body, no ribs, and no tail Owing to the last peculiarity frogs belong to the order of amphibians

338

known as Anoura. Frogs are remarkable for the transformations they undergo before arriving at maturity. The young frog, which is named a tadpole, lives entirely in water, breathes by external and then by internal gills, has no legs, a long tail furnished with a membranous fringe like a fin, and a horny beak, which falls off on the animal passing from the tadpole to the frog state, while the tail is absorbed and legs are developed. The mature frog breathes by lungs, and cannot exist in water without coming to the surface for air. The only British species is the common frog (R. temporaria), but the tribe is very numerous, other varieties being the edible frog (R. esculenta) of the south of Europe, eaten in France and South Germany, the hind quarters being the part chiefly used; the bull-frog of America (R. pipiens), 8 to 12 inches long, so named from its voice resembling the lowing of a bull; the blacksmith frog of Janeiro; the Argus frog of America, &c. The tree-frogs belong to the genus Hyla. (See TREE-FROG.) Frogs lie torpid in winter, swim with rapidity, and move by long bounds, being able from the power of the muscles of their hindlegs to leap many times their own length. Their eggs or spawn are to be seen floating in ponds and other stagnant waters in large masses of gelatinous matter. Figs. 1, 2, 3 represent the young frog in the tadpole state in various stages, without legs, living like a fish exclusively under water; fig. 4

5

Frog and its metamorphoses.

shows the hind-legs formed, but the long tail still present; fig. 5, the fully formed animal.2. In farriery, a sort of tender horn that grows in the middle of the sole of a horse's foot, at some distance from the toe, dividing into two branches, and running toward the heel in the form of a fork. — 3. In the United States, a triangular support or crossing plate for the wheels of railway carriages, where one line branches off from another or crosses it at an oblique angle.

Frog (frog), n. [Pg. froco, a flock of wool or of silk.] 1. An ornamental fastening for a frock or gown, generally in the form of a tassel, or spindle-shaped button covered with silk or other material, which is passed through a loop on the breast opposite to that to which it is attached, thus fastening the two breasts together.--2. The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or sword. Frog (frog), v.t. pret. & pp. frogged; ppr. frogging. To ornament or fasten with a frog.

Frogbit (frogʻbit), n. The popular name of Hydrocharis morsus ranæ, nat. order Hydrocharidaceæ, a plant found in ditches and ponds in England, and more rarely in Ireland. It is a floating herb, with orbicularreniform leaves and white flowers. Frog-cheese (frog'chez), n. A name applied occasionally to the larger puff-balls when

young.

Frog-eater (frog'ēt-ér), n. One who eats frogs: a term of contempt for a Frenchman. Frogery (frog'èr-i), n. A place abounding in frogs. Quart. Rev.

Frog-fish (frog fish), n. 1. The name given to the members of the genus Batrachus, a genus of teleostean fishes belonging to the family Lophiida. They have a wide and flattened head, larger than the body, a gaping mouth with many teeth, and spacious gill-covers. The pectoral fins are supported by a short stalk or wrist. Most of the members are natives of tropical regions, although some are found in temperate seas. They are mostly found on the bottom, and partially buried in the sand or mud for the purpose of surprising their prey. The grunting frogfish (B. grunniens) is remarkable for the noise it makes when taken, which resembles

FROM

the grunting of a pig.2 See ANGLER, LOPHIUS, and CHEIRONECTES. Frog-fly (frog'fli), n. Same as Frog-hopper. Frogged (frogd), a. Ornamented or fastened with frogs, as a coat. 'City clerks in frogged coats.' Lord Lytton.

Frogging (frogʻing), n. A sort of braid on a

coat.

Frog-grass (frogʼgras), n. A plant.

Froggy (frog'i), a. Having or abounding in frogs.

Frog-hopper (frog'hop-ér), n. A small insect (Aphrophora spumaria) belonging to the order Homoptera, remarkable for its powers of leaping. Its larvæ are found on leaves, inclosed in a frothy liquid, commonly called cuckoo-spit, cuckoo-spittle, or frog-spittle. Called also Frog-fly, Froth-fly, Froth-insect, Froth-worm.

Frog-orchis (frog'or-kis), n. An orchid, the Habenaria viridis.

Frog-shell (frog'shel), n. The name applied to various species of shells of the genus Ranella. At least fifty recent species of this genus are known. They are chiefly found in the tropical seas. Frog-spit, Frog-spittle (frog'spit, frog' spit-1), n. The frothy liquid inclosing the larvæ of the Aphrophora spumaria or froghopper.

Froise (froiz), n. [Fr. froisser, to bruise; from L. frico, to rub, through a fictive frictiare; or from frustum, a piece.] A kind of food made by frying bacon inclosed in a pancake. Written also Fraise. Frolic (fro'lik), a. [From D. vrolijk, G. frohlich. The G. is from froh, joyful, and lich, like; Dan. fro, O. Sax. frah, glad.] Gay: merry; full of mirth; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of pranks.

Shak.

We fairies now are frolic. The phantom of her frolic grace, Fitz-Fulke, Byran Frolic (froʻlik), n. 1. A wild prank; a flight of levity or gaiety and mirth.

He would be at his frolic once again. Roscommon. 2. A scene of gaiety and mirth, as in dancing or play; a merry-making.

Frolic (fro'lik), v.i. pret. & pp. frolicked (fro'likt); ppr. frolicking. To play wild pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and gaiety.

Hither, come hither and frolic and play. Tennyson. Frolicful (fro'lik-ful), a. Frolicsome. Frolicly + (fro'lik-li), adv. In a frolicsome manner; with mirth and gaiety. I was set upon, Beau. & FL

I and my men, as we were singing frolicly. Frolicsome (fro'lik-sum), a. Full of gaiety and mirth; given to pranks; sportive.

Old England, who takes a frolicsome brain-fever once every two or three years, for the benefit of her doctors. Sir W. Scott. In a

Frolicsomely (fro'lik-sum-li), adv. frolicsome manner; with wild gaiety. Frolicsomeness (fro'lik-sum-nes), n. The quality of being frolicsome; gaiety; wild pranks.

From (from), prep. [A. Sax. from, fram, O.Sax. Icel. O.H.G. and Goth. fram; O. E and dial. fro, fra, frae; cog. with L. peren in perendie, the day after to-morrow, Gr. peran, beyond, and Skr. param. Allied to far. forth, &c.] Out of the neighbourhood of; lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind; by reason of; out of; by aid of; denoting source, beginning, distance, absence, privation, or departure, sometimes literally and sometimes figuratively: the antithesis and correlative of from is to; as, it is 20 miles from the one place to the other; he took a knife from his pocket; light emanates from the sun; separate the sheep from the goats; we all come from Adani; matters are getting from bad to worse; the merit of an action depends upon the spirit from which it proceeds; I judge of him from my personal knowledge. From sometimes is equivalent to away from, remote from, in the sense of inconsistent with. Anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing. Shak. It is joined with adverbs and prepositions as, from above or from below the bridge from the part or locality above, from the part or locality below the bridge. In certain cases the preposition from is less logically placed before an adverb which it does not govern, but which belongs to some verb in the sentence; as in the phrases from forth, from out.

Sudden partings such as press
The life from out young hearts.

Byron

FROMWARD

Fromward (from'wèrd), adr. [From, and ward, denoting direction: opposite of toward.] Away from: the contrary of toward. Toward or fromward the zenith' Cheyne Frond (frond), n. [L. frons, frondis, a leaf] In bot. a term which Linnæus applied to the leaves of palms and ferns. Now, however, the term is used to designate the leaves of ferns and other cryptogamous plants. Frondation (frond-a'shon), n. [L. frondatio, frondationis, from frons, a leaf.] The act of stripping trees of leaves or branches. [Rare.]

Frondation, or the taking off some of the luxuriant branches or sprays of trees, is a kind of pruning. Evelyn. Fronde (frond), n. [Fr., a sling. See FRONDEUR.] The name of a party in France, who,

during the minority of Louis XIV., waged civil war against the court party on account of the heavy fiscal impositions laid on the people.

Frondent (frond'ent), a. [See FROND.] Covered with leaves. Trees still frondent.' Owen. [Rare.]

Frondesce (frond-es), v.i. [L. frondesco, to become leafy, from frons, frondis, a leaf ] To unfold leaves, as plants.

Frondescence (frond-es'sens), n. In bot. (a) the precise time of the year and month in which each species of plants unfolds its leaves. (b) The act of bursting into leaf. Frondeur (fron-dér, é long), n. [Fr., a slinger, from fronde, a sling.] 1. A member of the Fronde, so named from a witty member having stated in the French Parliament, in sarcastic reference to the fear in which its members held the minister, Ma

zarin, that they were like the boys who slung

stones at each other in the streets of Paris when the policeman was absent, but who dispersed on his appearance. See FRONDE. 2. Generally, an opponent of the party in power; a member of the opposition. Frondiferous (frond-if'èr-us), a. [L. frons, frondis, a leaf, and fero, to bear.] Producing fronds.

Frondiparous (fron-dip'a-rus), a. [L. frons, frondis, a leaf, and pario, to bring forth.] In bot. noting a plant affected by the monstrosity of producing leaves instead of fruit. Frondlet (frond'let), n. [Dim. of frond.] A little frond.

Frondose (frond'õs), a. In bot. covered with leaves; bearing a great number of leaves. Frondous (frond'us), a. In bot. producing leaves and flowers in one organ; producing branches charged with both leaves and flowers; as, a frondous plant.

Frons (fronz), n. (L.) In anat. the part of the cranium between the orbits and vertex. Front (frunt), n. [L. frons, frontis; Fr. front, the forehead.] 1. Properly, the forehead, or part of the face above the eyes;

sometimes, the whole face.

His front yet threatens, and his frowns command. Prior. Fair was the bride, and on her front did glow Youth like a star. Matt. Arnold. 2. The forehead or face, as expressive of character, temper, or disposition; especially, boldness of disposition; sometimes, impudence.

Shaftesbury was ordered to deliver up the great seal, and instantly carried over his front of brass and tongue of poison to the ranks of the opposition. Macaulay.

In his defence he (Demades) had the front to claim the merit of the blessings which the people had enjoyed during the long period of peace. Thirlwall. 3. The part or side of anything which seems to look out or to be directed forward; the face or fore part; as, the front of a house; the foremost rank; the van; as, the front of an army. 4. A room in the front part of a house. Young wives who have a first floor front to furnish.' Dickens.-5. Position directly before the face of a person or the foremost part of anything; as, he stood in front of the troops; I passed in front of your

house.-6. A set of false hair or curls for a lady.

His Helen's hair turned grey, Like any plain Miss Smith who wears a front. E. B. Browning. 7. A dickey for a shirt. - To come to the front, to take a high rank in one's profession, in society, &c.

Front (frunt), a.

Relating to the front or face; having a position in the front. Front (frunt), v.t. 1. To oppose face to face: to oppose directly.

I shall front thee, like some staring ghost,
With all my wrongs about me.

Dryden.

2. To stand in front of or opposed or opposite to, or over against; to face; as, his

4. To supply with a front; to adorn in front; as, to front a house with granite; to front a head with laurel. B. Jonson. Front (frunt), v.i. 1. To stand foremost. 2. To have the face or front toward any

If once you can carve one fronton such as you have here, I tell you, you would be able... to scatter cathedrals over England. Ruskin.

point of the compass or towards any object; Froppish † (frop'ish), a. to be opposite.

Philip's house fronted on the street. Tennyson. Frontage (frunt'aj), n. The front part of any building, structure, quay, &c.; extent of front; as, the house had a frontage of 50 Frontager (frunt'áj-ér), n. In law, one who

feet.

Clarendon.

Peevish; froward.

Frore (frör),a. [A. Sax. froren, pp. of freosan,
to freeze. See FREEZE.] Frozen.
Where Time upon my head
Hath laid his frore and monitory hand. Southey.
Frornet (frōrn), a. Frozen.

My hart-blood is wel nigh frorne, I feel. Spenser. Froryt (fro'ri), a. 1. Frozen; frosty. Frory Spenser. 2. Covered with a froth resembling hoar-frost.

She used with tender hand The foaming steed with frory bit to steer. Fairfax. Frost (frost), n. [A. Sax. frost, forst. See FREEZE.] 1. The act of freezing; congelation of fluids.-2. That state or temperature of the air which occasions freezing or the congelation of water; severe cold or freezing weather.

owns the opposite side. Jacob. Frontal (front'al), a. lips. 1. In anat. belonging to the forehead; as, the frontal bone.2. Being in front. Loudon." Frontal (front'al), n. [L. frontale, an ornament for the forehead, a frontlet.] 1. Something worn on the forehead or face; a frontlet; as, (a) an ornamental band for the hair. (b) A metal face-guard for a soldier.-2. In arch. (a) a little pediment or frontispiece over a small door or window. (b) An ornamental hanging in front of an altar; an antependium (which see).-3. In med. a medicament or preparation to be applied to the forehead.

Frontate, Frontated (front'ät, front'at-ed),
a. In bot. growing broader and broader, as
a leaf.
The door in the
Front-door (frunt'dōr), n.
front wall of a building; generally the prin-
cipal entrance.

Fronted (frunt'ed), a. Formed with a front.
'Fronted brigades.' Milton.

Frontier (fron'tër), n. [Fr. frontière, a frontier, a border.] 1. That part of a country which fronts or faces another country; the confines or extreme part of a country bordering on another country; the marches; the border.-2. ↑ A fort; a fortification.

Of pallisadoes, frontiers, parapets. 3. The forehead.

Shak.

Then on the edges of their bolster'd hair, which standeth crested round their frontiers, and hangeth over their faces. Stubbes.

Frontier (fron'ter), a. Of or pertaining to, or acquired on a frontier; lying on the exterior part; bordering; conterminous; as, a frontier town. 'Frontier experience.' W. Irving.

They thus remained till new dangers made it expedient for Russia to reassemble them, and she formed a frontier militia of their tribes. Brougham. Frontiert (fron'těr), v.i. To form or constitute a frontier; to possess territories bordering on or constituting a frontier: with on or upon.

Frontier (fron'těr), v.t. To place on the frontier; to guard or infest on the frontier. 'Now that it is no more a border nor frontiered with enemies.' Spenser. Frontignac (fron'tin-yak), n. [Fr. frontignan.] A species of French wine, named from Frontignan (Hérault), where it is produced.

Frontingly (frunt'ing-li), adv. In a manner so as to front; in a facing position; opposingly.

Frontiniac (fron'tin-yak), n. Same as Frontignac.

Frontispiece (fron'tis-pēs), n. [L. L. frontispicium, from L. frons, the forehead, and specio, to view.] That which is seen in front, or which directly presents itself to the eye; as, (a) in arch. the principal face of a building. (b) An ornamental figure or engraving fronting the first page of a book or at the beginning.

den.

Wanting a face or Frontless (frunt'les), a. front, or wanting shame or modesty; not diffident; shameless. Frontless vice.' Dry Frontless flattery' Pope. But thee, thou frontless man, Chapman. Frontlessly (frunt les-li), adv. In a frontless manner; with shameless effrontery; shamelessly.

We follow.

The third day comes a frost, a killing frost. Shak 3. Frozen dew: called also Hoar-frost and White-frost.

Behold the groves that shine with silver frost.

Pope.

4. Coldness or severity of manner or feeling. It was one of those moments of intense feeling when the frost of the Scottish people melts like a snow wreath. Sir W. Scott. -Black-frost, a state of the atmosphere by which vegetation is frozen without any appearance of rime or hoar-frost.

Frost (frost), v. t. 1. To cover with anything resembling hoar-frost, as with white sugar; to give the appearance or colour of hoarfrost to; to lay on like hoar-frost; as, to frost a cake; a head frosted with age.

The rich brocaded silk unfold, Where rising flowers grow stiff with frosted gold. Gay. 2. To injure by frost; as, the potatoes are all frosted.-3. To sharpen the front and hind part of a horse's shoe to enable him to travel on frozen roads.

Frost-bearer (frost bár-ér), n. An instrument for exhibiting the freezing of water in a vacuum; a cryophorus (which see). Frost-bite (frost'bit), n. A state of numbedness or torpidness of any part of the body, particularly of the extremities, the nose and ears, occasioned by exposure to severe cold. Frost-bite (frost' bit), v. t. pret. frostbit; ppr. frost-biting; pp. frost-bitten, frostbit. 1. To affect with frost-bite; to nip or wither, as frost does; as, his feet are frostbitten.-2. To expose to the effect of frost or of a frosty atmosphere.

My wife up, and with Mrs. Pen to walk in the fields to frost-bite themselves. Pepys. Frost-blite (frost'blit), n. A name given to orache, a plant of the genus Atriplex. A. hortensis is the garden orache. Frost-bound (frost'bound), p. and a. Bound or confined by frost. Frosted (frost'ed), p. and a.

Covered with a composition like white frost.-Frosted glass, glass roughened on the surface, so as to destroy its transparency, in consequence of which the surface has somewhat the appearance of hoar-frost.-Frosted work, in arch. a kind of ornamental work, having an appearance like that of hoar-frost upon plants.

Frost-fish (frost'fish), n. In the United States, the popular name of a small fish of the cod genus (Morrhua pruinosa), abundant on the coasts of North America after frost sets in, whence the name. Called also Tomcod.

Frostily (frost'i-li), adv. 1. With frost or excessive cold.-2. Without warmth of affection; coldly.

Courtling, I rather thou shouldst utterly Dispraise my work than praise it frestily. B. Jonson. Frostiness (frost'i-nes), n. The state or quality of being frosty; freezing cold. Frosting (frost'ing), n. The composition resembling hoar-frost, and generally made of loaf sugar mixed with whites of eggs, used to cover cake, &c.

Frost-lamp (frost'lamp), n. An oil-lamp placed beneath the oil-tube of an Argandlamp on cold nights to keep the oil fluid.

FROSTLESS

Frostless (frost'les), a. Free from frost; as, a frostless winter. Frost-mist (frost'mist), n. A mist observed in frosty weather through the freezing of the vapour in the atmosphere. Frost-nail (frost'nal), n. A nail driven into a horse-shoe to prevent the horse from slipping on ice.

Frost-nailed (frost'nald), a. Protected against slipping by frost-nails, as a horse. Frost-nipped (frost'nipt), p. and a. Nipped or injured by frost; blighted by extreme

cold.

Frostweed, Frostwort (frost'wed, frost'-
wert), n. In the United States, the popular
name of a plant (Helianthemum canadense),
sometimes used in medicine as an astrin-
gent and aromatic tonic. It is so called
because late in autumn crystals of ice shoot
from the cracks of the bark of its root.
Called also Rock-rose.
Frostwork (frost werk), n. The beautiful
covering of hoar-frost deposited on shrubs
or other natural objects. The snowy fleece
and curious frostwork.' Sir R. Blackmore.
Frosty (frost'i), a. 1. Attended with or pro-
ducing frost; having power to congeal water;
as, a frosty night; frosty weather.

Therefore my age is as a lusty winter,
Frosty but kindly.

Shak.

Froterert (frōt'èr-ér), n. One who frotes or rubs another.

I curl his periwig, paint his cheeks, . . . I am his froterer, or rubber in a hot house. Marston. Froth (froth), n. [A Scandinavian word: O. E. frothe, from Icel. frotha, frauth, Dan. fraade, froth.] 1. The bubbles caused in liquors by fermentation or agitation; spume; foam.-2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence; mere words without sense or sound ideas.

It was a long speech, but all froth.

L'Estrange.

3. Light, unsubstantial matter. Froth (froth), v. t. 1. To cause to foam, as beer, that is, to cause froth to rise on the top.

Fill me a thousand pots and froth 'em, froth 'em. Beau. & Fl 2. To emit or discharge, as froth; to vent, or give expression to, as what is light, unsubstantial, or worthless: sometimes with

out.

He frets within, froths treason at his mouth,
And churns it through his teeth. Dryden.
Is your spleen frothed out, or have ye more?
Tennyson.

3. To cover with froth; as, the horse froths his bit. Southey.

Froth (froth), v.i. To foam; to throw up spume; to throw out foam or bubbles; as, beer froths; a horse froths at the mouth when heated.

Frothily (froth'i-li), adv. In a frothy manner; with foam or spume; emptily. Frothiness (froth'i-nes), n. The state or quality of being frothy; wordiness combined with emptiness.

Frothless (froth'les), a. Free from froth. Froth-spit (froth'spit), n. Same as Cuckoospit.

Froth-worm (froth'wêrm), n. Same as Frog-worm.

Frothy (froth'i), a. Full of or accompanied with foam or froth; consisting of froth or light bubbles; spumous; foamy. Frothy waters.' Dryden.-2. Vain; light; empty; unsubstantial; or, given to empty display; as, a frothy harangue; a frothy speaker. Though the principles of religion were never so clear and evident, yet they may be made ridiculous by vain and frothy men. Abp. Tillotson.

Frough, a. See FREUCH.

340

ppr. frouncing. [Fr. froncer, D. fronssen, to wrinkle. See FLOUNCE. Some derive it from a hypothetical L.L. frontiare, to wrinkle the brows, from frons, the forehead (whence front).] 1. To form into plaits or wrinkles; to curl or frizzle, as the hair about the face. 2. To adorn with fringes, plaits, or other ornaments of dress.

Nor tricked and frounced as she was wont. Milton. Buff-coats all frounced and broidered o'er. Sir W. Scott. Frounce (frouns), n. 1. A wrinkle, plait, or curl; a fringe; an ornament of dress.-2. A disease in hawks in which white spittle gathers about the bill.-3. A disease in a horse's mouth in which a mass of pimples appear on the palate; the pimples themselves.

Frounce (frouns), v.i. To form wrinkles on the forehead; to frown.

On the other side, the Commons frounced and stormed. Holland.

Frounceless (frouns'les), a. Having no plait
or wrinkle. Chaucer.
Frouzy (frou'zi), a. [Comp. Prov. E. froust,
a musty smell, also frowy.] 1. Fetid; musty;
rank. 2. Dim; dingy; cloudy.

When first Diana leaves her bed,
Vapours and steams her looks disgrace;
Afrouzy dirty-colour'd red

Sits on her cloudy wrinkled face.

Swift.

3. Dirty; in a state of disorder; offensive to the eye; slovenly; slatternly. Frow (frou), n. [G. frau, D. vrouw, a woman.] 1. A woman; especially, a Dutch or German woman. 2. [Comp. FROUZY, 3.] A dirty woman; a slattern; a lusty woman. [Provincial.]

Frow (fro), n. [Probably connected with frow, brittle.] A cleaving tool, having a wedge-shaped, sharp-edged blade, with a handle set at right angles to the length of the blade, used in splitting staves for casks and the like. It is driven by a mallet. Frow (frou), a. [Prov. E. and Sc. frough, freuch, spongy, brittle.] Brittle; easily broken.

That (timber) which grows in gravel is subject to be frow (as they term it) and brittle. Evelyn. Froward (fro'wérd), a. [A. Sax. framweard -fram or fra, and weard, implying direction

turned or looking from; O. E. fromward. Comp. toward.] Not willing to yield or comply with what is required or is reasonable; perverse; unyielding; ungovernable; refractory; disobedient; peevish; as, a ƒroward child.

They are a very froward generation, children in whom is no faith. Deut. xxxii. 20.

SYN. Perverse, untoward, wayward, unyielding, ungovernable, refractory, disobedient, petulant, cross, peevish. Frowardly (fro'wêrd-li), adv. In a froward manner; perversely; peevishly. Frowardness (fro'wérd-nes), n.

The qua

lity or state of being froward; reluctance to yield or comply; perverseness; disobedience; peevishness.

The lighter sort of malignitie turneth but to a crossness or frowardness. Bacon. Frower (frō'ér), n. Same as Frow, a tool. Frowey (frou'i), a. In carp. applied to timber that is evenly tempered, and works without splitting or tearing. Smart. Frown (froun), v. i. [Fr. frogner, in se refrogner, to knit the brow, to frown; of doubtful origin.] 1. To express displeasure, severity, or sternness by contracting the brow; to put on a stern, grim, or surly look; to scowl. The frowning wrinkles of her brow.' Shak.-2. To show displeasure or disapprobation; to look with disfavour or threateningly; to be ominous of evil; to lower.

The sky doth frown... upon our army. Shak.

Frown (froun), v. t. To repress or repel by expressing displeasure; to rebuke by a look; as, frown the impudent fellow into silence. Frown (froun), n. 1. A contraction or wrinkling of the brow expressing dislike; a sour, severe, or stern look expressive of displea

sure.

His front yet threatens and his frowns command.
Prior.

2. Any expression of displeasure; as, the frowns of providence.

Turn, Fortune, turn thy wheel with smile or frown. Tennyson. Frownful (froun'ful), a. Wrinkled in displeasure, as the brow; frowning. Langhorne. (Rare.] Frowningly (froun'ing-li), adv. In a frowning manner; sternly; with a look of displeasure.

ing.

FRUGAL

'Her frowny mother's ragged shoulder.' Sir F. Palgrave. Frowy, Frowie (frou'i), a. [The same as Frouzy.] Musty; rancid; rank; as, frowy butter.

My sheep like not of the frowie fede. Spenser. Frowzy, Frowsy (frou'zi), a. Same as Frouzy. Frozen (frōz'n), p. and a. 1. Congealed by cold.-2. Cold; frosty; chill; subject to severe frost; as, the frozen climates of the North. 3. Chill or cold in affection; void of sympathy; wanting in feeling or interest.

She touched her girl, who hied Across, and begg'd and came back satisfied. The rich she had let pass with frozen stare. Matt. Arnold.

4. Void of natural heat or vigour; cold; unsympathetic.

Even here, where frozen chastity retires,

Love finds an altar for forbidden fires. Pope. Frozenness (fröz'n-nes), n. A state of being frozen. 'Soon return to that frozenness which is hardly dissolved.' Bp. Gauden. Frubish, Frubbisht (frub'ish, frubbish), v.t. To furbish; to rub up. Beau. & Fl. Fructed (frukt'ed), a. [L. fructus, fruit.] In her. bearing fruit: said of a tree or plant so represented on an escutcheon. Fructescence (fruk'tes-sens), n. [From L. fructus, fruit. See FRUIT.] In bot. the time when the fruit of a plant arrives at maturity and its seeds are dispersed; the fruiting

season.

Fructiculose (fruk-tik'ü-lõs), a. In bot. producing much fruit; loaded with fruit. Hooker.

Fructidor (frük-ti-dōr), n. [Fr., from. L. fructus, fruit, and Gr. dōron, a gift.] The twelfth month of the French republican calendar (dating from September 22, 1792), beginning August 18, and ending September 16.

Fructiferous (fruk'tif-êr-us), a. [L. fructus, fruit, and fero, to bear.] Bearing or producing fruit.

Fructification (fruk'ti-fi-kā"shon), n. 1. The act of forming or producing fruit, the act of fructifying or rendering productive of fruit; fecundation. The prevalent fructification of plants. Sir T. Browne.

The sap doth powerfully rise in the spring to put the plant in a capacity of fructification, Sir T. Browne.

2. In bot. (a) the organs which are concerned in the production of the fruit of a plant, of which the essential are the stamens and pistil. (See FLOWER.) (b) The process by which these parts produce fruit. Fructify (fruk'ti-fi), v.t. [Fr. fructifier; L. fructifico fructus, fruit, and facio, to make.] To make fruitful; to render productive; to fertilize; as, to fructify the earth. Fructify (fruk'ti-fi), v.i. To bear or produce fruit. Causeth the earth to fructify.' Beveridge. [Rare.]

Fructiparous (fruk-tip'a-rus), a. [L. fructus, fruit, and pario, to produce.] In bot. a term applied to a plant affected by the monstrosity of producing several fruits instead of the one which it normally bears. Fructist (fruk'tist), n. One who classifies plants by their fruit. Rees' Cyc Fructose (fruk'tōs), n. In chem. sugar of fruit, a sugar consisting partly of canesugar and partly of inverted sugar, an uncrystallizable sugar, identical in composition and optical rotatory power with the mixture of levo-glucose and dextro-glucose obtained from cane-sugar by the action of acids.

Fructuary (fruk'tū-a-ri), n. One who enjoys the produce or profits of anything.

Kings are not proprietors nor fructuaries. Prynne.

fruit.

Fructuation† (fruk-tü-ä'shon), n. Produce; Fructuous+ (fruk'tü-us), a. [Fr. fructueux.] Fruitful; fertile; also, impregnating with or giving rise to fertility. "Nothing fructuous or profitable.' Chaucer. 'Fructuous moisture.' Philips. Fructuously (fruk'tü-us-li), adr. fructuous or fruitful manner; fruitfully; fertilely.

In a

Fructuousness (fruk'tü-us-nes), State or quality of being fructuous or fruitful; fruitfulness; fertility. Fructuret (fruk'tur), n. Use; fruition; enjoyment.

Frugal (fro'gal), a. [L. frugalis, from frugi, lit. fit for food; hence, useful, proper, worthy, discreet, temperate-frux, ¡rugis,fruit ] Economical in the use or appropriation of money, goods, or provisions of any kind;