G.

G, the seventh letter in the English alphabet. If we bend the tongue so as to form an arch, which presses against the hinder part of the roof of the mouth, and produce a sound by lowering the tongue, and giving utterance to voice, the sound is called in English g hard, which is a guttural mute, the 'voiced' or soft or sonant sound corresponding to the 'breathed' or hard or surd sound k (or c hard). This sound of g is what the letter always has before a (except in gaol), o, u, and when initial also before e and i in all words of English origin, and when final. The soft sound of g, or that which it more commonly has before e, i, and y, as in gem, gin, gymnastics, is a palatal sound the same as that of j, and did not occur in the oldest English or Anglo-Saxon. It is the voiced sound corresponding to the breathed sound ch, as in church. The letter G was a Roman invention introduced in comparatively late times; it was formed from C, which previously had been doing double duty as the representative of both the sound of k and that of g (as in give). G is silent before n at the beginning of words, as gnat, gnaw; in the middle of words before n it is generally pronounced; at the end, though not pronounced it has the effect of lengthening the preceding vowel, as in benign, condign, malign, campaign. In a number of words which in Anglo-Saxon contained a guttural h, it has intruded itself before the h, forming a combination which now merely lengthens the preceding vowel sound, as in fought, bought, bright, might, night, nigh, high. The Anglo-Saxon g seems often to have had a sound nearly equivalent to our y, and in many English words has been softened into y or w, or in other ways; as, A. Sax. gear, E. year; A. Sax. bugan, E. bow; A. Sax. gelic, E. alike; A. Sax. fææger, E. fair; A. Sax. waga, E. way; A. Sax. lagu, E. law; A. Sax. sage, E. saw. In words originally beginning with a w, and borrowed from the German into the French, a g has been inserted before the w, hence E. guard and ward, guarantee and warrant, guise and wise, Fr. guerre, E. war; comp. W. gwain for E. wain, gwell for well.-As a numeral, G was anciently used to denote 400, and with a dash over it, G, 40,000.-In the calendar it is the seventh Dominical letter.-In music, (a) the fifth note and dominant of the normal scale of C, called also sol; (b) the lowest note of the grave hexachord; in the Guidonian system gamma ut; (c) a name of the treble clef, which is seated on the G or second line of the treble staff, and which formerly had the form of G. Gab (gab), n. [Dan. gab, Sw. gap, the mouth. Cog. Ir. cob, gob, mouth, O.Fr. gob, a gulp, a mouthful. See the verb. Akin gape, gap, gobble.] The mouth; hence, idle talk: chatter: loquacity; as, he has the gift of the gab. [Colloq.]

Gab (gab), v.i. [A. Sax. gabban, to scoff: of wide alliance in Teutonic, Romance, and Celtic groups. Comp. D. gabberen, to joke, to chatter; Icel. gabba, It. gabbare, Fr. gaber, to deceive; Armor. goab, mockery. Akin O.E. and Sc. gab, the mouth, gabble, gibber, jibber, gape. See GAPE.] To talk much; to prate; to talk idly. [Colloq.]

Thou art one of the knights of France, who hold it for glee and pastime to gab, as they term it, of exploits beyond human power. Sir W. Scott.

Gab (gab), n. In steam-engines, the name given to the hook on the end of the eccentric rod opposite the strap. Gabarage (gabér-áj), n. Coarse packingcloth: a term formerly used for the wrappers in which Irish goods were packed. Gabardine, Gaberdine (ga'bar-den, ga'berden), n. [Sp. gabardina, O. Fr. galvardine, which Littré believes to be connected with the L. L. galnape, gaunape, a loose overcoat, which appears to have been formed from the L. galbanum or galbinum, a vestment. Comp. Sp. and O.Fr. gaban, Fr. caban, a greatcoat, a cape.] A coarse frock or loose upper garment; a mean dress.

You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine. Shak. Gabbard, Gabart (gab'ard, gab'art), n. [Fr. gabare, Armor. kobar or gobar, a lighter.]

2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered, as of fowls.

Gabbler (gab'ler), n. One who gabbles; a prater; a noisy talker; one that utters inar

ticulate sounds. Gabbro (gab'bro), n. In mineral. the name given by the Italians to a rock consisting essentially of diallage and white epidote or saussurite. It is the euphotide of the French, and the verde di Corsica duro of artists.

Gabbronite, Gabronite (gab'bron-it, gå'bron-it), n. [It. gabbro. ] A mineral, supposed to be a variety of scapolite, occurring in masses, whose structure is more or less foliated, or sometimes compact. Its colours are gray, bluish or greenish-gray, and sometimes red.

Gabby (gab'i), a. Talkative; chattering; loquacious. [Scotch.]

On condition I were as gabby

Ramsay.

As either thee or honest Habby. Gabel, Gabelle (ga'bel, ga-bel), n. [Fr. ga belle, Pr. gabela, gabella, It. gabella, and O. It. cabella, caballa, Sp. gabela, from Ar. kabala, tax, impost. See, however, GAVEL.] A tax, impost, or excise duty; particularly, in France, a tax on salt.

The gabels of Naples are very high on oil, wine, tobacco, and indeed on almost everything that can be eaten, drank, or worn. Addison. Gabeler (gabel-ér), n. A collector of the gabel or of taxes.

Gabelle (ga-bel), n. [Fr.] See GABEL. Gaberdine, n See GABARDINE. Gaberlunzie (ga-bér-lun'zi), n. [A contr. for gaberlunzie-man, from Sc. gaberlunzie, a wallet, and that compounded of a contr. of gabardine, and lunzie, a Sc. form of loin, the wallet resting on the loins.] A mendicant; a poor guest who cannot pay for his entertainment. [Scotch.]

Gabian (ga'bi-an), a. A term applied to a variety of petroleum or mineral naphtha exuding from the strata at Gabian, a village in the department of Hérault, France.

Gabilla (ga-bila), n. A finger or parcel of

tobacco in Cuba, consisting of about thirtysix to forty leaves. The bales are usually made up of 80 hands, each of 4 gabillas. Simmonds.

Gabion (ga'bi-on), n. [Fr., It. gabbione, a large cage, from gabbia, a cage, from L. L. gabia (L. cavea), an inclosure, from L. ca

Part of Trench with Gabions and Fascines. vus, hollow.] Infort. a large basket of wickerwork, of a cylindrical form, but without a bottom, filled with earth, and serving to shelter men from an enemy's fire. In a siege when forming a trench, a row of gabions is placed on the outside nearest the fortress,

and filled with earth as it is dug from the trench. Each gabion is about 33 inches in height, but this height is usually increased by placing a row of fascines on the top. Gabionage (ga'bi-on-aj), n. In fort. a collective term for gabions used in fortification. Gabioned (ga'bi-ond), a. In fort. furnished with, formed of, or protected by gabions. 'Floating batteries, strongly parapetted and gabioned. W. H. Russell.

Gabionnade (ga'bi-on-ad), n. In fort. a work hastily thrown up; especially, one consisting of gabions.

Gable (ga'bl), n. [Norm. gable, L. L. gabulum, from the Teut.; comp. Goth. gibla, a pinnacle; O.H.G. gipili, head, top; G. giebel, the ridge or pointed end of a house; Dan. gavl, D. gevel (like O.E. and Sc. gavel), Icel gafl, the sharp end of a thing, the gable of a house.] In arch. the triangular end of a house or other building, from the level of the eaves to the top, and distinguished from a pedi

Wooden Gable of sixteenth century at Coventry.

ment by this, among other things, that it is not surmounted by a cornice; also the endwall of a house; a gable-end.-Mutual gable, in Scots law, a wall separating two houses and common to both. Gablet (ga'bl), n. A cable. Chapman. Gable-end (ga'bl-end), n. The triangulartopped end-wall of a house. Gable-roof (ga'bl-röf), n. In arch. a roof converging to an apex, and open to the sloping rafters or spars. Gable-roofed (ga'bl-röft), a. In arch. having a roof converging to an apex in the manner of a gable, the sloping rafters being left open to the interior, without the intervention of cross-beams, or an arched ceiling. Gablet (ga'blet), n. In arch. a small gable or gable-shaped decoration, frequently introduced on buttresses, screens, &c. Gab-lever, Gab-lifter (gab'le-vér, gab'liftér), n. In steam-engines, a contrivance for lifting the gab from the wrist on the crank of the eccentric shaft in order to disconnect the eccentric from the valve gear. Gable-window (ga'bl-win-do), n. A window in the end or gable of a building, or a window having its upper part shaped like a gable. Gablock (gab lok), n. A false spur fitted on to the heel of a gamecock to make it more effective in fighting. Craig.

Gabrielite (ga'bri-el-it), n. Eccles. one of a sect of Anabaptists in Pomerania, so called from one Gabriel Scherling.

Gabronite (gå'bron-it), n. See GABBRONITE.
Gaby, Gawby (ga'bi, ga'bi), n. [From root
of gape.] A silly, foolish person; a dunce;
a simpleton; a goose. [Colloq.]
Gad (gad), n. [A. Sax. gadu, also gâd, a
goad, a sharp point; Icel. gaddr, Sw. gadd,
a goad, a spike, a sting; comp. Ir. gada, a
bar or ingot of metal. Goad is a slightly
different form of the same word.] 1. The
point of a spear or arrowhead.-2. A style
or graver.

I will go get a leaf of brass
And with a gad of steel will write these words.

Shak.

3. A steel spike in the knuckle of a gauntlet. See GADLING.-4. A goad. [Scotch or provincial English.]-5. A wedge or ingot of steel or iron.

Flemish steel is brought down the Rhine to Dort and other parts some in bars and some in gads; and therefore called Flemish steel, and sometimes gad steel. Мохом.

6. A sceptre or club. Mir. for Mags.

GAD

7. In mining, a pointed wedge-like tool, tipped with steel, and of a peculiar form, which the miner forces into a rent in the rock for the purpose of separating it. 8. Any rod or stick, as a fishing-rod, a measuring-rod.-9. In old Scotch prisons a round bar of iron crossing the condemned cell horizontally at the height of about 6 inches from the floor, and strongly built into the wall at either end. The ankles of the prisoner sentenced to death were secured within shackles which were connected by a chain about 4 feet long, with a large iron ring which travelled on the gad. Upon the gad, upon the spur or impulse of the moment. Shak.

Gad (gad), v.i. pret. & pp. gadded; ppr. gadding. [Probably from the restless running about of animals stung by the gadfly.] 1. To walk about; to rove or ramble idly or without any fixed purpose.

Give the water no passage, neither a wicked woman liberty to gad abroad. Ecclus. xxv. 25. Hence-2. To act or move without restraint; to wander, as in thought or speech; to straggle, as in growth.

The good nuns would check her gadding tongue Full often. Tennyson.

Desert caves With wild thyme and the gadding vine o'ergrown. Milton.

Gadabout (gad'a-bout), n. One who walks about without business. [Colloq.] Gad-bee (gad'bē), n. Same as Gadfly. Gadder (gad'èr), n. A rambler; one that roves about idly.

A drunken woman, and a gadder abroad, causeth great anger, and she will not cover her own shame. Ecclus. xxvi. 8.

Gaddingly (gad'ing-li), adv. In a gadding, roving, or idle manner. Gaddish (gad'ish), a. Disposed to gad or wander about idly.

Gaddishness (gad'ish-nes), n. The quality of being gaddish; disposition to flaunt about. 'Gaddishness and folly.' Abp. Leighton. Gadfly (gad'fli), n. [A. Sax. gad, a goad, and E. fly. A dipterous insect of the genus Estrus, which stings cattle, and deposits its eggs in their skin: called also Botfly. The species which infests oxen is the Estrus bovis. The species of the family Tabanidæ are also called gadflies. They are very bloodthirsty creatures, and have, in their lancet-furnished mouths, an apparatus admirably fitted to aid them in getting blood. All the gadflies are also known by the name Breeze. Gadhelic (gad-he'lik or gallik), a. [See GAELIC.] Of or pertaining to that branch of the Celtic race which comprises the Erse of Ireland, the Gaels of Scotland, and the Manx of the Isle of Man; as distinguished from the Cymric branch, which comprises

the Welsh and Bretons, as also the Cornish, and generally all the earliest Celtic inhabitants of Britain. Ireland was the earliest home of the Gadhelic branch, whence it spread to Scotland in the sixth century, a portion of the branch, under the name of Scots, having then settled in Argyle. The Scots ultimately became the dominant race, the Picts, an earlier Cymric race, being lost in them.

Gadhelic (gad-he'lik or gal'ik), n. The language of the Gadhelic branch of the Celtic race, comprising the Erse, Gaelic, and Manx. Gadidæ (ga'di-dě), n. [See GADUS.] A family of soft-finned teleostean fishes, having the ventral fins pointed and attached to the throat, of which the common codfish serves as the type. The genus Gadus is exceedingly numerous both in species and individuals, and taking them altogether they may be regarded as the most valuable fishes in the

352

Gadling, n. One given to gad about; an idle vagabond. Chaucer.

Gadling, a. Given to gadding about; rambling; straggling. Gadling, n. [From A. Sax. gad, a goad.] In ancient armour, a spike of steel on the knuckles of the gloves of mail. Gadoid (gád'oid), a. [L. gadus, a cod, and Gr.

Gadlings.

eidos, resemblance.] Relating to the Gadida or codfishes.

Gadoid (gád'oid), n. An individual of a family of fishes, Gadida.

Gadolinite (ga'dō-lin-it), n. A mineral, so called from Professor Gadolin, a Russian chemist; it occurs usually in amorphous masses of a blackish colour, and having the appearance of vitreous lava. It consists of yttria, silica, and the protoxides of cerium and iron.

Gadred, pp. Gathered. Chaucer. Gadsman (gadz'man), n. See GAUDSMAN. Gad-steel (gad'stel), n. [A. Sax. gad, a small bar or goad, and E. steel.] Flemish steel: so named from its being wrought in gads. Gadus (ga'dus), n. [L., a codfish.] The codfish genus, a Linnæan genus of malacopterygian fishes, coextensive with the family Gadidae. It included the common cod, the haddock, whiting, hake, ling, &c. The name is retained in some systems of zoology for the genus of the Gadidae which includes the common cod, the haddock, the dorse, &c.

Gad-wall (gad'wal), n. [Said to be from gad, to walk about, and well.] The common name of Anas strepera, a species of duck not so large as the mallard, with long and pointed wings and a vigorous and rapid flight. It appears to dislike exposure, and hides itself, if the locality permit, in thick reeds and aquatic herbage. It is rarely found in Britain or Ireland. North Ame

rica as far down as South Carolina, and the eastern parts of Europe, seem to be its favourite habitat. In southern and western regions it is noted as a bird of passage. Russian naturalists have observed it in Caucasia, and it has been found in North-west India.

Gae (gā), v.i. and t. To go. [Scotch.] Gae-down, Gae-doun (ga'doun, ga'dön), n. [Scotch.] 1. The act of swallowing.-2. A guzzling or drinking match.

He sent Jamie Grieve the keeper, and sicken a day as we had wi' the foumarts and the tods, and sicken a blithe gae-down as we had again e'en.

Sir W. Scott.

Gael (gal), n. A Scottish Highlander or Celt. Gaelic (gal'ik), a. [Gael. Gaidhealach, Gaelach, Gaelic, from Gaidheal, a Gael.] Of or pertaining to the Gaels, a Celtic race inhabiting the Highlands of Scotland; as, the Gaelic language.

Gaelic (gal'ik), n. [Gael. Gaidhlig, Gaelig.]
The language of the Celts inhabiting the
Highlands of Scotland. See GADHELIC.
Gaet (gat), n. [See GATE.] Manner; habit;
practice. [Scotch.]

An' may they never learn the gaets
O' ither vile wanrestfu' pets.

Burns.

Gaff (gaf), n. [Probably from Celt. gaf, hooked, a hook, or Fr. gaffe, Sp. and Pg. gafa, a hook; in any case connected with gaffle and the words there mentioned.] 1. A harpoon; a gaff-hook. -2. Naut. a spar used to extend the upper edge of fore-andaft sails which are not set on stays, as the

Cutter.-a, Gaff; &, gaff-topsail, main-sail of a sloop or the spanker of a ship. At the lower or fore end it has a kind of fork called the jaw (the prongs are the

GAGE

cheeks), which embraces the mast; the outer end is called the peak. The jaw is secured in its position by a rope passing round the mast. Gaff-topsail, a light triangular or quadrilateral sail set above a gaff (as the gaff extending the head of a cutter's mainsail), and having its foot extended by it.3. The metal spur of fighting cocks; a gaffle.

Gaff (gaf), n. A theatre of the lowest class, the admission to which is generally a penny; a cheap and loosely conducted place of amusement, where singing and dancing take place nightly.

Gaffer (gaf'er), n. [Contr. from grandfather or good father.] 1. An old rustic; a word originally of respect, which seems to have degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt.

For gaffer Treadwell told us, by the bye,
Excessive sorrow is exceeding dry.

Gay.

2. The foreman of a squad of workmen, especially navvies; an overseer. Gaff-hook (gaf'hök), n. A sort of large iron hook fixed on a handle, used to assist in landing large fish, as salmon, when they have been brought near the side by the rodfisher. The hook is driven into the body of the fish, generally by an assistant, and the fish is then lifted to the bank. Gaffle (gaf'l), n. [L.G. D. Sw. and Dan. gaffel, Icel. gáffall, G. gabel, a fork. Cog. W. gaf, Ir. and Gael. gabhal, a fork.] 1. An artificial spur put on cocks when they are set to fight. -2. A steel lever to bend crossbows.

My cross-bow in my hand, my gaffle on my rack, To bend it when I please, or when I please to slack. Drayton. Gafflock (gaflok), n. Same as Gavelock. Gafol (gaf'ol), n. [A. Sax. gafol, gaful, rent, tribute. See GAVEL.] In law, rent or income; tax, tribute, or custom. Burrill. Gafol-gild, Gafold-gild+ (gaf'ol-gild, gaf'old-gild), n. The payment of custom or tribute.

Gafol-land, Gafold-landt (gaf'ol-land,gaf'old-land), n. In law, property subject to the gafol-gild, or liable to be taxed.

Gag (gag), v. t. pret. & pp. gagged; ppr. gagging. [Perhaps from A. Sax. cæggian, to lock, to shut; cæg, a key; but comp. W. cegiaw, to choke, from ceg, a choking. Or it may be onomatopoetic; comp. gaggle] 1. To stop the mouth of by thrusting something into it so as to hinder speaking but permit breathing; hence, to silence by authority or violence.

The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged and reason to be hoodwinked. Macaulay. 2. To prise or keep open by means of a gag. 'Mouths gagged to such a wideness.' Fortescue.-3. To cause to heave with nausea.4. In stage slang, to introduce interpolations into; as, to gdg a part.

Gag (gag), n. 1. Something thrust into the mouth and throat to hinder speaking.-2. A mouthful which produces nausea and retching or threatens with choking. A gag of mutton fat.' Lamb.-3. In stage slang, an interpolation introduced by an actor into his part either in accordance with custom or with his own fancy.

You see the performances consisted all of gag. don't suppose anybody knows what the words are in the piece. Mayhew. Gag (gag), v.i. 1. To retch; to heave with nausea. 2. In stage slang, to interpolate words of one's own into one's part: said of an actor.

The leading actors will be nervous, uncertain in their words, and disposed to interpolate or gag until their memories are refreshed by the prompter. Cornhill Mag. Gagatet (ga'gat), n. Agate. Fuller. Gage (gaj), n. [Fr., from L.L. gadium, vadium, from Goth. vadi, pledge, from vidan, to bind; comp. G. wette, a bet, A. Sax. wedd, Sc. wad, pledge, promise. Cog. L. vas, vadis, a surety, a pledge. Akin wage.] 1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the performance of some act to be done by the person depositing the thing, and which is to be forfeited by non-performance. It is used of a movable thing, not of land or other immovable. 'Nor without gages to the needy lend." Sandys.-2. Anything thrown down as a token of challenge to combat. Formerly it was customary for the challenger to cast on the ground a glove, a cap, a gauntlet, or the like, which was taken up by the accepter of the challenge. There I throw my gage.' Shak.

Gage (gāj), n. A measure or rule of measur ing; a standard. See GAUGE.

Is to come fairly off from the great debts Wherein my time, something too prodigal, Hath left me gag'd. Shak. Gage (gaj), v.t. To measure; to gauge (which see).

Shak.

You shall not gage me By what we do to-night. Gagea (gā'jē-a), n. A genus of plants (nat. order Liliaceae), named after Sir Thomas Gage, a British botanist. They are small bulbous-rooted plants, with linear rootleaves and scapes of yellowish-green flowers; the seeds have a yellowish (not black) seed coat, thus differing from those of the allied genus Ornithogalum. They are natives of Europe, temperate Asia, and Northern Africa, one (G. lutea) occurring in Britain. Gager (gaj'er), n. One who gages. See

GAUGER.

Gagger (gag'èr), n. 1. One that gags.-2. A lifter used by the founder consisting of a light T-shaped piece of iron.

Gaggle (gag), v.i. pret. & pp. gaggled; ppr. gaggling. [Perhaps a freq. from gag, or formed from the sound.] To make a noise like a goose.

If I have company, they are a parcel of chattering magpies: if abroad, I am a gaggling goose. Guardian.

Gag-rein (gagʻrān), n. In saddlery, a rein that passes through the runners, and is intended to draw the bit into the corners of the horse's mouth.

Gag-runner (gag'run-ér), n. In saddlery, a
loop attached to the throat-latch.
Gag-tooth (gag'töth), n. A projecting tooth.
Halliwell.

Gag-toothed (gag'totht), a. Having projecting teeth. Holland.

Gahnite (gan'it), n. [From Gahn, a Swedish chemist, the discoverer.] A mineral called also Automolite, Zinc-spinel, and Octahedral Corundum. It is a native aluminate of zine, and is always crystallized in regular octahedrons or dodecahedrons, like spinel. Gaiety (ga'e-ti), n. 1. The state of being gay; merriment; mirth; action or acts prompted by or inspiring merry delight; as, the gaieties of the season.-2. Finery; show; as, the gaiety of dress. Gaikwar (gik'war), n. Guicowar.

Same as Guikwar,

Gain (gan), v.t. [Fr. gagner, anciently, to earn profit or revenue from pasturage; hence, to gain; gagnage, pasturage. Gagner (0. Fr. gaagner, Pr. gazanhar, It. guada gnare, Sp. guadanar) corresponds to O. H. G. weidanjan, to pasture, which gives L.L. weidaniare, from which the Romance forms flow in accordance with established rule. Comp. Icel, gagn, gain, and A. Sax. ungogne, fruitlessly.] 1. To obtain by industry or the employment of capital; to get as profit or advantage; to acquire: opposed to lose.

What is a man profited if he shall gain the whole world and lose his own soul? Mat. xvi. 26.

2 To win; to obtain by superiority or success; as, to gain a battle or a victory; to gain a prize; to gain a cause in law. -3. To obtain in general; to acquire; to procure; to receive; as, to gain favour; to gain reputation. Pope For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease. You should not have loosed from Crete, and have gained this harm and loss. Acts xxvii. 21.

Now spurs the lated traveller apace Shak. To gain the timely inn. -Togain into, to draw or persuade to join in. He gained Lepidus into his measures. Middleton. -To gain over, to draw to another party or interest; to win over. To gain ground, to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent; to increase. -To gain time, to obtain an increase of time for a particular purpose, either by an extension of the time at one's disposal, or by saving time on something else. To gain the wind (naut.), to get to the windward side of another ship.

Gainless (gan'les), a. Not producing gain; unprofitable; not bringing advantage. Gainlessness (gan'les-nes), n. The state or quality of being gainless; unprofitableness; want of advantage.

Gainly (gan'li), adv. [See GAIN, a.] Handily; readily; dexterously.

She laid it, as gainly as she could, in some fresh leaves and grass. Dr. H. More.

to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest or happiness.

Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbours by Ezek. xxii. 12.

extortion.

-To gain on or upon, (a) to encroach; to advance on; to come forward by degrees; as, the ocean or river gains on the land. 'Seas, that daily gain upon the shore.' Tennyson. (b) To advance nearer, as in a race; to gain ground on; as, a fleet horse gains on his competitor.

And still we followed where she led,

In hope to gain upon her flight. Tennyson. (c) To prevail against or have the advantage

over.

The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself. Addison.

(d) To obtain influence with.

My good behaviour had so far gained on the emperor that I began to conceive hopes of liberty. Swift.

Gain (gan), n. [Fr. gain, profit. See the verb.] 1. Profit; interest; something obtained as an advantage; anything opposed to loss.

Did wisely from expensive sins refrain, And never broke the Sabbath but for gain. Dryden. But what things were gain to me those I counted loss for Christ. Phil. iii. 7.

Did I make a gain of you by any of them whom I sent unto you? 2 Cor. xii. 17.

2. The act of gaining; acquisition; increase. 'Gain of care. Shak. Double gain of happiness.' Shak. SYN. Profit, interest, lucre, emolument, benefit. Gain (gan), n.

[W. gàn, a mortise, ganu, to contain.] 1. A mortise.--2. In arch. the bevelled shoulder of a binding joist for the purpose of giving additional resistance to the tenon below.

Gain (gan), a. [Icel gegn, convenient, suitable, gegna, properly to meet, then to suit, to fit; A. Sax. gegen, gean, against.] 1. Suitable; convenient.-2. Straight; direct; as, the gainest way.-3. Near; contiguous.4. Easy; tolerable.-5. Handy; dexterous.--6. Honest; respectable.-7. Profitable; cheap. I bought the horse very gain (cheap).' Forby. [In all its uses provincial or obsolete.]

Gain (gān), adv. Tolerably; pretty. Gain quiet, pretty quiet.' Forby. [Provincial.] Gainable (gan'a-bl), a. That may be obtained or reached.

Gainage (gan'āj), n. In old law, (a) the gain or profit of tilled or planted land raised by cultivating it. (b) The horses, oxen, and furniture of the wain, or the instruments for carrying on tillage, which, when a villain was amerced, were left free, that cultivation might not be interrupted. Burrill. Gain-devoted (gan'de-võt-ed), a. Devoted to the pursuit of gain. Gain-devoted cities.' Cowper.

Gainer (gün'èr), n. One that gains or obtains profit, interest, or advantage.

Wilt thou, after the expense of so much money, be now a gainer Shak. Gainful (gån'ful), a. Próducing profit or advantage; profitable; advantageous; advancing interest or happiness; lucrative; productive of money. The Romish market of gainful dispensations.' Bp. Hall.

He will dazzle his eyes and bait him in with the luscious proposal of some gainful purchase, some rich match. South.

Gainfully (gan'ful-li), adv. In a gainful manner; with increase of wealth; profitably; advantageously.

i, Fr. ton; ng, sing; TH, then; th, thin;

Gain-paint (gán pán), n. [Fr. gagne-pain, bread-earner. ] A name applied in the middle ages to the sword of a hired soldier. Gainsay (gan'sa), v. t. pret. & pp. gainsaid; ppr. gainsaying. [A. Sax. gegn, gean, against, and E. say.] To contradict; to oppose in words; to deny or declare not to be true; to controvert; to dispute: applied to persons, or to propositions, declarations, or facts.

I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist. Luke xxi. 15.

Gainsayer (gan'sa-ér), n. One who contradicts or denies what is alleged; an opposer. Tit. i. 9.

Gainsome (gan'sum), a. Bringing gain; gainful. Massinger.

'Gainst (genst). See AGAINST. Gainstand (gan'stand), v.t. [A. Sax. gegn, gean, against, and E. stand.] To withstand; to oppose; to-resist.

Burns.

My lady's gown there's gairs upon't, And gowden flowers sae rare upon't. Gair-fowl (går foul), n. [Prov. E. gare, gair, to stare, and E. fowl.] A kind of auk; the great auk (Alca impennis), now extinct. See GARISH. Gairish, a.

Gairishly, adv. See GARISHLY. Gairishness, n. See GARISHNESS. Gait (gat), n. [Same as gate, a way. See GATE.] 1. Walk; march; way. 'Address thy gait unto her. Shak. 'Go your gait, and let poor volk pass.' Shak.-2. Manner of walking or stepping; carriage.

Part huge of bulk, Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait. Milton. Gait (gāt), n. 1. A charge made for sheep and cattle taken at a pasture to graze for the season: sometimes termed Agistment.— 2. A sheaf of grain tied up. Gaited (gåt'ed), a. In compound words, having a particular gait or manner of walking; as, slow-gaited, heavy-gaited. Shak. Gaiter (ga'tér), n. [Fr. guétre, a gaiterorigin unknown.] 1. A covering of cloth for the leg, fitting upon the shoe; a spatterdash. 2. A kind of shoe, consisting chiefly of cloth, and covering the ankle.

Gaiter (ga'ter), v.t. To dress with gaiters. Gaitre-beries,t n. pl. [Comp. Prov. E. gatter-bush, gatten-bush, gattridge.] The berries of the dogwood-tree (Cornus sanguinea or C. mascula). Chaucer. Gaitt, Gett (gät, get), n. [From get, to beget.] A child; a brat. [Scotch. ] Gal, Gall (gal). A Celtic prefix or suffix, which, when it enters into a name, implies the presence of foreigners. It is believed to have been first applied to a colony of Gauls, whence it came to denote foreigners in general. Thus, Donegal (Dun-na-n Gall) means the fortress of the foreigners-in this case known to have been Danes. bally in Limerick, and Galwally in Down, mean English town. Ballynagall is the

Gal

w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure. See KEY.

GALA

town of the Englishmen; Clonegall, the meadow of the Englishmen. Gala (gä'la), n. A cotton fabric made in Scotland. Gala (ga'la), n. [Fr., show, pomp; It. gala, finery; of Teut. origin; allied to A. Sax. gal, pleasant, wanton, galan, to sing, and gale in nightingale.] Pomp; show; festivity; mirth. Galacineæ (ga-la-sin'é-ē), n. pl. A small tribe of plants of doubtful affinity, containing only two genera, Galax and Stortia, and now considered as a sub-tribe of Diapensiaceæ. Galax aphylla, a native of open woods in Virginia and North Carolina, is a smooth perennial herb with a creeping rhizome, roundish evergreen leaves, all springing from the root, and a long spiked raceme of small white flowers.

Galactagogue, n. See GALACTOGOGUE. Galactia (ga-lak'ti-a), n. [From Gr. gala, galaktos, milk.] In med. (a) a redundant flow of milk either in a female who is suckling or in one who is not, and which may occur without being provoked by suckling. (b) A morbid flow or deficiency of milk. Dr. Good. Galactic (ga-lak'tik), a. [Gr. galaktikos, milky, from gala, galaktos, milk.] 1. Of or belonging to milk; obtained from milk; lactic. 2. In astron. an epithet first applied by Sir John Herschel to that great circle of the heavens to which the course of the Milky Way apparently most nearly conforms.-Galactic poles, the two opposite points of the heavens, situated at 90° from the galactic circle. Galactine (ga-lak'tin), n. (which see). Galactite (ga'lak-tit), n. [Gr. gala, galaktos, milk.] In mineral. white natrolite, a zeolite of the mesotype group, erected into a distinct species on an erroneous analysis.

Called also Milkstone.

Same as Lactine

Galactodendron (ga-lak'tō-den"dron), n. [Gr. gala, galaktos, milk, and dendron, a tree.] A generic name given by some authors to the cow-tree of South America, now generally referred to the genus Brosimum, Galactodendron being used as the specific name. See Cow-TREE.

Galactogogue, Galactagogue (ga-lak'tōgog, ga-lak'ta-gog), n. [Gr. gala, galaktos, milk, and ago, to induce.] A medicine which promotes the secretion of milk in the breast.

[Gr.

Galactometer (ga-lak-tom'et-ér), n. gala, galaktos, milk, and metron, a measure.] An instrument to test the quality of milk, that is, the percentage of cream yielded by it; a lactometer. Galactophagist (ga-lak-tof'a-jist), n. [Gr. gala, galaktos, milk, and phago, to eat.] One who eats or subsists on milk. Wright Galactophagous (ga-lak-tof'a-gus), a. Feeding on milk. Dunglison.

Galactophoritis (ga-lak'tō-fō-ri''tis), n. [Gr. gala, galaktos, milk, phero, to carry, and term. itis, denoting inflammation.] In pathol. inflammation of the galactophorous ducts: sometimes inaccurately used for ulceration of the top of the nipples towards their orifices. Dunglison.

Galactophorous (ga-lak-tof'or-us), a. [Gr. galaktophoros-gala, galaktos, milk, and phero, to bear, to produce.] Producing milk.

Galactopoietic (ga-lak'to-poi-et”ik), a. or n. [Gr. gala, galaktos, milk, and poietikos, capable of making, from poieo, to make.] A term applied to substances which increase the flow of milk. Brande.

Gala-day (gala-dā), n. A day of festivity; a holiday with rejoicings.

Gala-dress (gala-dres), n. A holiday dress; a person's gayest dress.

Galaget (ga'laj), n. [Sp. galocha, a wooden shoe. See GALOCHE.] A wooden shoe. Spen

ser.

Galago (ga-lä'gō), n. The native name of a genus of quadrumanous mammals, found in Africa. The species, which are nocturnal in their habits, have long hind-legs, great eyes, and large membranous ears. The great galago (G. crassicaudatus) is as large as a rabbit. They live in trees, and are sought after as food in Africa. See GUM-ANIMAL. Galam Butter (galam but'èr), n. A reddishwhite solid oil, obtained from Bassia butyracea (the Indian butter-tree). Galanga, Galangal (ga-lang'ga, ga-lang' gal), n. [Fr. galanga; O. Fr. garingal, from Ar. chalan, khalandj; Per. khulandj, a tree from which wooden bowls, &c., are made.] A dried rhizome brought from China and

354

used in medicine, being an aromatic stimulant of the nature of ginger. The drug is mostly produced by Alpinia officinarum, a flag-like plant, with stems about 4 feet high, clothed with narrow lanceolate leaves, and terminating in short simple racemes of elegant white flowers. The rhizome of A. Galanga is known as the greater galangal. Galanthus (ga-lan'thus), n. [Gr. gala, milk, and anthos, a flower.] A small genus of Amaryllidaceæ, represented by the wellknown snow-drop (G. nivalis). They are herbaceous plants with bulbous roots, narrow leaves, and drooping white bell-shaped flowers of six segments, the three outer being concave and spreading, and the three inner erect and shorter.

Galantine (gal-ant-ēn'), n. [Fr., from a radical gal, seen in G. gallerte, jelly, same as gel in L. gelare, to congeal.] A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold. Galatheidæ (ga-la-the'i-dē), n. pl. [After the nymph Galatea, of classical mythology.] A group of decapodous crustaceans, corresponding with the genus Galathea of Fabricius, having common characters with the anomurous and macrurous crustaceans. They inhabit fresh-water rivers. Galatian (ga-la'shi-an), n. A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; as, Paul's epistle to the Galatians.

Galatian (ga-la'shi-an), a. Of or pertaining

to Galatia or the Galatians. Galavance. See GARAVANCE. Galax (ga-lax). See GALACINE.E. Galaxidæ (ga-laks'i-de), n. pl. [Gr. galaxias, a kind of fish, and eidos, resemblance.] A family of Australian and New Zealand acanthopterygian fishes, formerly classed with the Salmonidæ, and much resembling our common trout. They have no adipose fins, and are destitute of scales. The teeth are of moderate size. The genus Galaxias is the only one, and it contains about seven species. They are softer in flesh and more oily than our members of the salmon family. Galaxy (ga'lak-si), n. [Fr. galaxie, from Gr. galaxias (kyklos, circle, being understood), from gala, galaktos, milk. Akin L. lac, lactis, milk.] 1. In astron. (a) the Milky Way; that long, white, luminous track which is seen at night stretching across the heavens from horizon to horizon, and which, when fully traced, is found to encompass the heavenly sphere like a girdle. This luminous appearance is occasioned by a multitude of stars so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only by the most powerful telescopes. At one part of its course it divides into two great branches, which remain apart for a distance of 150° and then reunite; there are also many other smaller branches that it gives off. At one point it spreads out very widely, exhibiting a fanlike expanse of interlacing branches nearly 20° broad; this terminates abruptly and leaves here a kind of gap. At several points are seen dark spots in the midst of some of the brightest portions; one of the most easily distinguished of these dark spots has long been known as the 'coal-sack.' (b) A remote cluster of stars.-2. An assemblage of splendid persons or things.

Often has my mind hung with fondness and admiration over the crowded, yet clear and luminous, galaxies of imagery, diffused through the works of Bishop Taylor. Dr. Parr.

It

Galbanum, Galban (galban-um, gal'ban), n. [L.; Gr. chalbane; Heb. chelbnah, galbanum, from cheleb, fat.] A fetid gum resin procured from at least two species of umbelliferous plants, which are probably Ferula galbaniflua and F. rubricaulis. consists of the tears' of gum resin which exude spontaneously from the stem, especially in its lower part, and about the bases of the leaves. It is brought from the Levant, Persia, and India, and is administered internally as a stimulating expectorant. It is also used in the arts, as in the manufac ture of varnish. It is supposed to be yielded by other umbellifers, among which are named Ferulago galbanifera, Opoidia galbanifera, and Bubon Galbanum. Galbula (ral'bu-la), n. [L.] The generic name of the jacamars, a genus of South American insessorial birds, allied to the kingfishers. The species are clothed with brilliant green feathers.

Galbulinæ (gal-bũ-li′nē), n. pl. [L. galbula, a yellow-bird.] The jacamars, a family of tropical American fissirostral birds, allied to the trogons and kingfishers, character

cone or

strobilus, the scales of which

are fleshy and combined into a uniform mass, as the fruit of the juniper. Gale (gal), n. [Gael. and Ir. gal, a gale or puff of wind, smoke, vapour. Perhaps connected with Icel. gola, giola, a cool wind; gola, to blow.] 1. A current of air; a breeze; more specifically, naut. a wind between a breeze and a storm or tempest: generally used with some qualifying epithet: as, a gentle gale; a moderate gale; a brisk gale; a fresh gale; a strong gale; a hard gale. A little gale will soon disperse that cloud. Shak. And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odours fanned From their soft wings. Milton.

2. [Slang.] A riot; a quarrel; a state of noisy excitement, whether of passion or hilarity.

The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast going into what, in New England, is sometimes called a gale. Brooke.

Gale (gäl), v.i. Naut, to sail, or sail fast. Gale (gal), n. [D. and A. Sax. gagel, wildmyrtle.] A plant of the genus Myrica, nat. order Myricaceæ. Sweet gale (M. Gale) is a shrub from 1 to 3 feet high, with numerous alternate branches and very small berries. The whole plant exhales a rather pleasant aromatic odour. It grows on wet heaths abundantly. It is also called Bogmyrtle. In America the name is applied to Comptonia asplenifolia.

Gale (gil), n. [A. Sax. gafol, rent, tribute, O. E. gavel, gauel, probably from W. gafael, Gael. gabhail, seizing, a taking, a lease, tenure, or from A. Sax. gifan, to give. See GAVEL.] A periodical payment of rent, duty, or custom; an instalment of money. Gale, v.i. [A. Sax. galan.] To sing; to cry, to croak. Gan he cry and gale.' Chaucer. Galet (gal), n. A song; a story. Toone. Galea (ga le-a), n. [L.] A helmet; something resembling a helmet in shape or position; as, (a) in zool. a genus of sea hedgehogs or echini, found fossil only; they are distinguished by an oval base, from which the shell rises in a vaulted helmet-like form. (b) In bot. a name given to the parts of the calyx or corolla when they assume the form of a helmet, as the upper lip of a ringent corolla. (c) In anat. the amnion. (d) A kind of bandage for the head. (e) In pathol. headache extending all over the head. Galeas (ga'le-as), n. A Venetian ship, large but low built, and moved both by oars and sails.

Galeated, Galeate (gă'lē-at-ed, gālē-āt), a. [L. galeatus, pp of galeo, to cover with a helmet, from galea, a helmet.] 1. Covered as with a helmet.

A galeated echinus copped, and in shape somewhat more conick than any of the foregoing. Woodward. 2. In bot. having a flower like a helmet, as in the species of Aconitum.

3. In zool. having a crest of feathers on the head resembling a helmet. Galecynus (ga-le-si'nus), n. [Gr. gale, a weasel, and kyon, kynos, a dog] A genus of fossil carnivorous mammalia founded for the reception of a fossil animal, of which some remains were found in a quarry at Oehningen in Baden. The characters of the bones give the genus a place intermediate between the polecats and dogs. Galega (ga-le'ga), n. [Gr. gala, milk, and ago, to induce-because supposed to increase the milk of animals, especially of goats.] A genus of plants, nat, order Leguminosæ. They are smooth, erect, perennial herbs, with pinnate leaves and axillary

Galeated Calyx of Aconitum variega.

tum,

GALEIDE

racemes of lilac or white pea-shaped flowers; a few species are known, mostly natives of the Mediterranean region. G. officinalis, or goat's rue, is not unfrequent in English gardens.

Galeidæ (ga-le'i-de), n. pl. [Gr. galeos, a shark, and eidos, resemblance.] The topes, a family of sharks, distinguished from the Spinacida or picked dog-fishes by the pos session of an anal fin and the absence of spines in the dorsals. Their caudal fin is very inequilobate. Two species, the common tope (Galeus canis) and the smooth hound (Mustelus vulgaris), are abundant in our seas; the former has triangular, sharp, serrated teeth, like those of the rest of the sharks, but the latter has the jaws covered with a sort of mosaic, as in the rays, and like these it feeds principally on crustacea. Galemeta-wood (ga-le-me'ta-wud), n. The name, in Jamaica, of the Bumelia salici folia.

Galemys (ga-le'mis), n. [Gr. gale, a weasel, and mys, a mouse.] A genus of mammals allied to the shrews. Only two species of the genus are known, the Russian desman or musk-rat (G. moschata) and the French desman (G. pyrenaica). These animals have a long snout, almost like an elephant's trunk, and the feet are deeply webbed. They live in burrows at the side of streams, and feed on insects. Owing to a powerful musky odour which they exhale they are often, though falsely, called musk-rats. Galena (ga-le'na), n. [Gr. galene, stillness of the sea, tranquillity-so named from its supposed effect upon diseases.] 1. A remedy or antidote for poison; theriaca (which see)-2. Sulphide of lead; its common colour is that shining bluish gray usually called lead gray; sometimes it is nearly steel gray. Its streak has a metallic lustre, but its fine powder is nearly black. Its structure is commonly foliated, sometimes granular or compact and sometimes striated or fibrous. It occurs in regular crystals, or more frequently massive, and is the principal ore of lead-False galena. See BLACK-JACK. Galenic, Galenical (ga-len'ik, ga-len'ik-al), a. Pertaining to or containing galena. Galenic, Galenical (ga-len'ik, ga-len'ik-al), a. Relating to Galen, the celebrated physician (born at Pergamus in Mysia, A. D. 130). or his principles and method of treating diseases. The galenic remedies consist of preparations of herbs and roots, by infusion, decoction, &c. The chemical remedies consist of preparations by means of calcination, digestion, fermentation, &c.

Galenism (galen-izm), n. The doctrines of

Galen.

Galenist (ga'len-ist), n. A follower of Galen. Galeobdolon (ga-le-ob'dol-on), n. [Gr. gale, a weasel, and bdolos, stench-referring to the strong disagreeable odour of the plant.] A section of the genus Lamium (which see). Gluteum (weazel-snout) grows in woods and shady places in Britain and throughout Europe; it has whorled yellow flowers and opposite nettle-like leaves.

Galeocerdo (ga'le-o-sér'do), n. [Gr. galeos, a shark, and kerdo, a fox.] A genus of sharks whose broad-based, sharp, serrated teeth occur fossil from the lower tertiaries upwards in America and Europe.

Galeodes (ga-le-o'des), n. [Gr. gale, a weasel, and eidos, resemblance.] A genus of arachnidans, by some called Solpuga, forming the type of a distinct family, Galeodidae or Solpugidæ, having somewhat the appearance of large spiders, but possessing a pair of large claws with expanded bases, attached in front of the mouth, and having the finger movable. They run with great rapidity, throwing up the head in an attitude of defence when attacked, and are reputed venomous. The species, with a single exception, inhabit the hot sandy countries of the Old World. Several are found in Egypt. Galeodidæ (ga-le-od'i-de), n. pl. See GALE

ODES.

Galeola (ga-le-o'la), n. A genus of echinites, possessing the same characters as Galea, but differing in size.

Galeopithecida (ga'le-o-pi-the"si-dē), n. pl. See GALEOPITHECUS. Galeopithecus (gale-o-pi-the"kus), n. [Gr. gale, a weasel, and pithèkos, an ape.] The flying-lemur, a genus of mammals which have been referred to the bats, to the lemurs, but more properly to the Insectivora, of so peculiar a structure as to constitute a family (Galeopithecida) of themselves. These animals have the bones of the arm

355

and leg, but not those of the digits, excessively elongated, and supporting extensive lateral folds of skin serviceable as a para

chute, but not as organs of flight. The species are restricted to the islands of the Indian Archipelago. Their inferior incisors are remarkable for their complex form, like the teeth of a comb.

Galeopsis (gå-le-op'sis), n. [Gr. gale, a weasel, and opsis, appearance.] The generic name of the hemp-nettles, a genus of plants, of the nat. order Labiata, characterized by the equally five-toothed calyx. They are herbaceous plants with square stems, usually clothed with sharp bristly hairs, nettle-like leaves on long stalks, and red, white, or yellow labiate flowers. There are about twelve species, three of which are natives of Britain. The handsomest of these (G. versicolor) is abundant in Scotland, especially in the Highlands; it has showy yellow flowers, with a broad purple spot on the lower lip.

Galericulate (ga-le-rik'ü-lat), a. [L. galeri culum, a cap-dim. of galerum, a kind of hat.] Covered as with a hat or cap. Smart. Galerite (gal'èr-it), n. [L. galerum, a hat or cap.] A name given to a fossil echinus of

Galerites albo-galerus.

1, Depressed form. 2, Normal form. the chalk formation, from its having some resemblance to a hat. The Galerites albogalerus, one of the most common species, is so named from its fanciful resemblance to the white conical caps of the priests of Jupiter.

Galeritidæ (gal-ér-it'i-de), n. pl. The family of fossil sea-urchins to which galerite belongs.

Galerucidæ (gal-e-rö'si-de), n. [L. galerum, a kind of conical head-covering, and Gr. eidos, resemblance.] A family of herbivorous beetles, belonging to the section Tetramera and sub-section Cyclica of Latreille. The typical genus Galeruca comprises several species.

Galestes (ga-les'tes), n. [Gr. gale, a weasel.] A name proposed by Professor Owen for the largest of the fossil mammalia discovered in 1858 in Purbeck, equalling the polecat in size. It is supposed to have been predaceous and marsupial. Its generic character is derived from a peculiar modification in the form of one of the premolars, which has a single external vertical groove. Lyell. Galet (gal'et), n. A fragment of stone broken off by a mason's chisel; a spall. Galia (gal'i-a), n. A medical composition containing gall. Dunglison. Galiaceæ (ga-li-a'se-e), n.pl. [See GALIUM.] A sub-order of Rubiacea, called Stellata by Linnæus. It consists of herbaceous, square-stemmed plants, with whorled exstipulate leaves, and small regular monopetalous flowers. Some yield a dyeing substance in their roots, as the various species of madder, but the greater part are useless weeds. See GALIUM. Galic (gal'ik), a. Same as Gaelic. Galician (ga-li'shi-an), a. Pertaining to Galicia.

Galician (ga-li'shi-an), n. In geog. a native or inhabitant of Galicia. Called also Gallegan.

GALIPEA

Galilean (ga-li-lē'an), n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, in Judea.-2. One of a sect among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans.

Galilean (ga-li-le'an), a. In geog. relating to Galilee. The pilot of the Galilean lake." Milton.

Galilean (ga-li-le'an), a. Of or pertaining to, or invented by Galileo, the Italian astronomer; as, the Galilean telescope. Galilee (gali-le), n. [Named after the scriptural 'Galilee of the Gentiles.' See definition.] A portico or chapel annexed to a church, used for various purposes. In it public penitents were stationed, dead bodies deposited previously to their interment, and religious processions formed; and it was only in the galilee that in certain religious houses the female relatives of the monks were allowed to converse with them, or even to attend divine service. When a female made an application to see a monk she was directed to the porch, usually at the western extremity of the church, in the words of Scripture, 'He goeth before you into Galilee; there shall you see him.' The only English buildings to which the term galilee is applied are those attached to the cathedrals of Durham, Ely, and Lincoln. The galilee at Lincoln Cathedral is a porch on the west side of the south transept; at Ely Cathedral it is a porch at the west end of the nave; at Durham it is a large chapel, dedicated to the Virgin, at the west end of the nave, built chiefly for the use of the women, who were not allowed to advance further than the second pillar of the nave. This last was also used as the bishop's consistory court.

Galimatias (ga-li-ma'shi-as), n. [Fr. Said to be from the fact that an advocate who pleaded the cause of a man named Matthew, whose cock had been stolen, on becoming confused through the frequent repetition of the words, instead of gallus Matthiæ, the cock of Matthew, said galli Matthias, the cock's Matthew, but the anecdote has no doubt been invented to furnish an etymology. Probably a form of Fr. galimafrée (see GALLIMAUFRY), through the hypothetical form galimafias, represented by the Picard carimafliache, carimafiache.] Confused talk; gibberish; nonsense; absurd mix

ture.

Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several countries. H. Walpole.

She became by this desire quite ridiculous, and ran into absurdities and a galimatias scarce credible. Fielding. Galingale (gal'in-gal), n. A name applied in English books to Cyperus longus, but originally a synonym of Galanga (which see). Galiongee, n. A Turkish sailor. Byron. Galiot, Galliot (gali-ot, gal'li-ot), n. [Fr. galiote, dim. of galée, a galley. See GALLEY.] 1. A small galley, or sort of brigantine built for pursuit, and moved both by sails and oars, having one mast and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers.-2. A Dutch or Flemish vessel for cargoes, with very rounded ribs and flattish bottom, with a mizzen-mast placed near the stern, carrying a square mainsail and maintopsail, a forestay to the mainmast (there being no foremast), with fore

Dutch Galiot.

staysail and jibs.-3. Also, a name formerly given to a bomb-ketch.

Galipea (ga-lip'ē-a), n. A genus of the nat. order Rutaceae, consisting of trees or small shrubs, natives of tropical America. G. Cusparia yields Angostura-bark (which see).