KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION AND TO THE ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS EMPLOYED. PRONUNCIATION. IN showing the pronunciation the simplest and most easily understood method has been adopted, that of re-writing the word in a different form. In doing so the same letter or combination of letters is made use of for the same sound, no matter by what letter or letters the sound may be expressed in the principal word. The key by this means is greatly simplified, the reader having only to bear in mind one mark for each sound. Accent. Words consisting of more than one syllable receive an accent, as the first syllable of the word labour, the second of delay, and the third of comprehension. The accented syllable is the most prominent part of the word, being made so by means of the accent. In this dictionary it is denoted by the mark'. This mark, called an accent, is placed above and beyond the syllable which receives the accent, as in the words labour, delay', and comprehen'sion. Many polysyllabic words are pronounced with two accents, the primary and the secondary accent, as the word excommunication, in which the third, as well as the fifth syllable is commonly accented. The accent on the fifth syllable is the primary, true, or tonic accent, while that on the third is a mere euphonic accent, and consists of a slight resting on the syllable to prevent indistinctness in the utterance of so many unaccented syllables. Where both accents are marked in a word, the primary accent is thus marked ", and the secondary, or inferior one, by this mark', as in the word excommu'nica"tion. CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND SYMBOLS. By means of chemical symbols, or formulas, the composition of the most complicated substances can be very easily expressed, and that, too, in a very small compass. An abbreviated expression of this kind often gives, in a single line, more information as to details than could be given in many lines of letterpress. When a symbol has a small figure or number underwritten, and to the right of it, such figure or number indicates the number of atoms of the element. Thus-O2 signifies two atoms of oxygen, S, five atoms of sulphur, and Co ten atoms of carbon. When two or more elements are united to form a chemical compound, their symbols are written one after the other, to indicate the compound. Thus-H2O means water, a compound of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen; CHO indicates cane-sugar, a compound of twelve atoms of carbon, twenty-two of hydrogen, and eleven of oxygen. These two expressions as they stand denote respectively a molecule of the substance they represent, that is, the smallest possible quantity of it capable of existing in the free state. To express several molecules a large figure is prefixed, thus: 2 H2O represents, two molecules of water, 4(CHO) four molecules of cane-sugar. When a compound is formed of two or more compounds the symbolical expressions for the compound are usually connected together by a comma; thus, the crystallized magnesic sulphate is MgSO,, 7 HO. The symbols may also be used to express the changes which occur during chemical action, and they are then written in the form of an equation, of which one side represents the substances as they exist before the change, the other the result of the reaction. Thus, 2 H2+ O2 -2 H2O expresses the fact that two molecules of hydrogen, each containing two atoms, and one of oxygen, also containing two atoms, combine to give two molecules of water, each of them containing two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen. (vn) THE IMPERIAL DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. DEPASTURE Depasture (dē-pas'túr), v.t. pret. & pp. depastured; ppr. depasturing. [L. depascor, to feed upon.] 1. To eat up; to consume. Spenser.-2. To pasture; to graze. If 40 sheep yield 80 lbs of wool, and are depas tured in one parish for a whole year, the parson shall have 8 lbs. Ayliffe. Depasture (dē-pas'tūr), v.í. To feed or pasture; to graze. If a man takes in a horse, or other cattle, to graze and depasture in his grounds, which the law calls agistment. Blackstone. Mason. pp. Depatriate (dē-pā'tri-āt), v. i. _[L. de, from, and patria, one's country.] To leave one's country; to go into voluntary exile. [Rare.] A subject born in any state May, if he please, depatriate. Depatriate (dē-pa'tri-at), v.t. To drive from one's country; to banish; to expel. Depauperate (dě-pa'pèr-at), v. t. pret. & depauperated; ppr. depauperating. [L. depaupero-de, intens., and paupero, to beggar, from pauper, poor.] To make poor; to impoverish; to deprive of fertility or richness; as, to depauperate the soil or the blood. 'Humility of mind which depauperates the spirit. Jer. Taylor. [Rare.] Depauperate, Depauperated (dē-paperát, de-pa'per-at-ed), p. and a. Impoverished; made poor. In bot. imperfectly developed; looking as if ill-formed from want of sufficient nutriment. Depauperize (dé-pa'pèr-iz), v. t. [L. de, priv., and pauper, poor.] To raise from a condition of poverty or pauperism; to free from paupers or pauperism. Our efforts at depauperizing the children of paupers would be more successful, if the process were not carried on in a lump. Edin. Rev. Depeach (dě-péch'), v.t. [Fr. dépêcher, to expedite towards a result. See DESPATCH.] To despatch; to discharge. They shall be forthwith heard as soon as the party which they shall find before our justices shall be defeached. Hackluyt. Depectible ↑ (dě-pek'ti-bl), a. [L. depecto, to comb off-de, off, and pecto, to comb. ] Tough; tenacious. It may be that . some bodies are of a more depectible nature than oil. Bacon. Depeculation (dé-pek'ù-la"shon), n. [L. depeculor, depeculatus, to embezzle-de, intens, and peculari, to embezzle public money. See PECULATE] A robbing or embezzling. Depeculation of the public treasure.' Hobbes. Depeinct (dé-pant'), v. t. [0. Fr. depeinct, depicted, L. depingo. See DEPICT.] To paint. The Red rose medled with the White yfere, In either check depeincten lively cheere. Spenser. Depeint, pp. Painted. Chaucer. Depend (dě-pend'), v. i. [L. dependeo, to hang down-de, down, and pendeo, to hang. 1. To hang: to be sustained by being fastened or attached to something above: followed by from. 2. To be related to anything, as to the cause of its existence or of its operation and effects; to have such connection with anything as a cause, that without it the effect would not be produced; to be contingent or conditioned: followed by on or upon; as, we depend on air for respiration. Our happiness depends little on political institu tions, and much on the temper and regulation of our own minds. Macaulay. 3. To be in the condition of a dependant or retainer; to serve; to attend. 'Ay. 'Do not you follow the young Lord Paris? sir, when he goes before me." "You depend upon him, I mean?' Shak. 4. To be in suspense; to be undetermined; as, the suit is still depending in court. See PENDING. 5. To rely; to rest with confidence; to trust; to confide; to have full confidence or belief: with on or upon; as, we depend on the word or assurance of our friends; we depend on the arrival of the mail. First, then, a woman will or won't-depend on't; If she will do't, she will; and there's an end on't. Aaron Hill. 6. To hang over; to impend. This is the curse depending on those that war for a placket. Shak. That may Dependable (dē-pend'a-bl), a. be depended on; trustworthy. 'Dependable friendships. Pope. We might apply these numbers to the case of giants and dwarfs if we had any dependable data from which the mean human stature and its probable deviation could be ascertained. Sir J. Herschel. Dependance, Dependancy (dě-pend'ans, dé-pend'an-sí), n. Same as Dependence. Dependant, Dependent (de-pend'ant, dêpend'ent), n. 1. One who is at the disposal of another; one who is sustained by another, or who relies on another for support or favour; a retainer; as, the prince was followed by a numerous train of dependants. 2. That which depends on something else; a consequence; a corollary. With all its circumstances and dependents.' Prynne. [It would perhaps be better if a distinction were uniformly made between dependant and dependent, as to some extent it is made, the former being more generally used as the noun, the latter as the adjective. We give the adjective under DEPENDENT.] Dependence, Dependency (de-pend'ens, de-pend'en-si), n. 1. A state of hanging down from a support.-2. Anything hanging down; a series of things hanging to another. Like a large cluster of black grapes they show, And made a long dependence from the bough. Dryden. 3. Connection and support; mutual connection; inter-relation; concatenation. 'A dependency of thing on thing.' Shak. But of this frame the bearings and the ties, The strong connections, nice dependencies. Pope. 4. A state of being at the disposal of another for support or existence; à state of being subject to the power and operation of any DEPENDER other cause; inability to sustain itself without the aid of; as, we ought to feel our dependence on God for life and support; the child should be sensible of his dependence on his parents. 5. Reliance; confidence: trust; a resting on; as, we may have a firm dependence on the promises of God. Let me report to him Your sweet dependency; and you shall find 6. In law, the state of being depending or pending; the state of waiting for decision. An action is said to be in dependence from the moment of citation till the final decision of the House of Lords.' Bell.-7. That of which the existence presupposes the existence of something else; that which pertains to something else; an accident or quality; something non-essential. Modes I call such complex ideas... which are considered as dependencies, or affections of subLocke. stances. 8. The state of being dependent, subordinate, or subject to another: opposed to sovereignty. So that they may acknowledge their dependency upon the crown of England. Bacon. 9. That which is attached to, but subordinate to something else; as, this earth and its dependencies.-10. A territory remote from the kingdom or state to which it belongs, but subject to its dominion; as, Great Britain has its dependencies in Asia, Africa, and America. [Dependency is the form exclusively used in this and the foregoing sense.] 11. The subject of a quarrel, when duels were in vogue; the affair depending. Your masters of dependencies, to take up - Dependence is more used in the abstract, and dependency in the concrete; thus, we say'a question in dependence before a judge,' but 'a dependency of a state.' Dependent, Dependant (de-pend'ent, depend'ant), a. 1. Hanging down; as, a dependent leaf. The furs in the tails were dependent, Peacham. 2. Subject to the power of; at the disposal of; not able to exist or sustain itself without the will or power of; subordinate; as, we are dependent on God and his providence: an effect may be dependent on some unknown cause. England, long dependent and degraded, was again a power of the first rank. Macaulay. 3. Relying on for support or favour; unable to subsist or to perform anything without the aid of; as, children are dependent on their parents for food and clothing; the pupil is dependent on his preceptor for instruction. See DEPENDANT. Dependently, Dependantly (de-pend'entli, de-pendant-li), adv. In a dependent Depender (de-pend'ér), n. One who depends; a dependant. manner. oil, pound; ü, Sc. abune; y, Sc. fey. w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure. See KEY. DEPENDING Depending + (dē-pend′ing), n. Suspense. Delay is bad, doubt worse, depending worst. B. Jonson. Dependingly (dé-pend'ing-li), adv. In a dependent or subordinate manner. Depeople (dē-pe'pl), v.t. [Fr. dépeuplerde, prív., and peuple, people.] To depopulate; to dispeople. Chapman. Deperdit (de-pèr'dit), n. [L. deperditus, pp. of deperdo, deperditum, to destroy, to lose -de, intens., and perdo, perditum, to lose.] That which is lost or destroyed. Paley. [Rare.] Deperditelyt (dē-pèr'dit-li), adv. In the manner of one ruined; desperately. 'Deperditely wicked.' King. Deperdition (dē-për-di’shon), n. Loss; destruction. See PERDITION. Depertiblet (dē-pèrt'i-bl), a. [L dispertio, to distribute, to divide-dis, asunder, and partio, to share, to part.] Divisible; separable. Bacon. Dephal (dep'hal), n. Artocarpus Lakoocha, an Indian tree, of the same genus as the bread-fruit and jack, and cultivated for its fruit The juice is used for bird-lime. Dephlegmt (dé-flem'), v. t. [De, priv., and phlegm. To deprive of or clear from phlegm; to dephlegmate. Boyle. Dephlegmate (de-flegmat), v. t. [Prefix de, and Gr. phlegma, phlegm, from phlegō, to burn.] To deprive of superabundant water, as by evaporation or distillation; to rectify: said of spirits or acids. Dephlegmation (de-fleg-ma'shon), n. The operation of separating water from spirits and acids by evaporation or repeated distillation; concentration. Dephlegmator (de-fleg-ma'tèr), n. A form of condensing apparatus for stills, consisting of broad sheets of tinned copper soldered together so as to leave narrow spaces between them. Dephlegmedness (de-flem'ed-nes), n. A state of being freed from water. Dephlogisticate (de-flo-jis'ti-kāt), v.t. pret. & pp. dephlogisticated; ppr. dephlogisticating [Prefix de, and Gr. phlogistos, burned, inflammable, from phlogizō, to burn. See PHLOGISTON.] An old term meaning to deprive of phlogiston, or the supposed principle of inflammability. Dephlogistication (de-flo-jis'ti-kā"shon), n. A term applied by the older chemists to certain processes by which they imagined that phlogiston was separated from bodies. They regarded oxygen as common air deprived of phlogiston; and hence called it dephlogisticated air.' Depict (de-pikt'), v.t. [L. depingo, depictum -de, and pingo, to paint.] 1. To paint; to portray; to form a likeness of in colours; as, to depict a lion on a shield. His arms are fairly depicted in his chamber. Fuller. 2. To describe; to represent in words; as, the poet depicts the virtues of his hero in glowing language. Cæsar's gout was then depicted in energetic language. Motley. SYN. To delineate, paint, sketch, portray, describe, represent. Depiction (de-pik'shon), n. A painting or depicting. [Rare or obsolete.] Depicture (de-pik'tür), v.t. pret. & pp. depictured; ppr. depicturing. [Prefix de, and picture.] To paint; to picture; to represent in colours. Several persons were depictured in caricature. Fielding. Depilate (de'pil-át), v.t. pret. & pp. depilated; ppr. depilating. [L. depilo, to pull out the hair-de, priv., and pilo, to put forth hairs, from pilus, hair.] To strip of hair. Depilation (de-pil-a'shon), n. The act of stripping of hair; the removal of hair from hides. Depilatory (dē-pil'a-to-ri), a. Having the quality or power to remove hair from the skin Depilatory (dē-pil'a-to-ri), n. Any application which is used to strip off hair without injuring the texture of the skin; specifically, a cosmetic employed to remove superfluous hairs from the human skin, as a preparation of lime and orpiment, or a plaster of pitch 2. In med. to empty or unload, as the vessels of the human system, with the view of reducing plethora or inflammation, as by blood-letting or saline purgatives. Depletion (dē-plē'shon), n. [L. depleo, to empty out-de, priv., and pleo, to fill.] The act of emptying; specifically, in med. the act of diminishing the quantity of blood in the vessels by venesection; blood-letting. Depletive (de-plet'iv), a. Tending to deplete; producing depletion. Depletive treatment is contraindicated.' Wardrop. Depletive (dē-plēt’iv), n. That which depletes; specifically, any medical agent of depletion. 'She had been exhausted by depletives.' Wardrop. Depletory (de-ple'to-ri), a. deplete. Calculated to Deplication (de-pli-kâ'shon), n. [L. de, priv., and plico, to fold.] An unfolding, untwisting, or unplaiting. Deplorability (de-plōr'a-bil"i-ti), n. Deplorableness. The deplorability of war.' Times' newspaper. Deplorable (de-plōr'a-bl),a. [See DEPLORE.] 1. That may be deplored or lamented; lamentable; that demands or causes lamentation; hence, sad; calamitous; grievous; miserable; wretched; as, the evils of life are deplorable. The deplorable condition to which the king was reduced.' Clarendon. 2. Low; contemptible; pitiable; as, deplorable nonsense; deplorable stupidity. [Colloq.] SYN. Lamentable, sad, dismal, wretched, calamitous, grievous, miserable, hopeless, contemptible, pitiable, low. Deplorableness (de-plōr'a-bl-nes), n. The state of being deplorable; misery; wretchedness; a miserable state. In a man Deplorably (de-plora-bli), adv. ner to be deplored; lamentably; miserably; as, manners are deplorably corrupt. Deploratet (de-plorat), a. Lamentable; hopeless. Sir R. L'Estrange. Deploration (de-plōr-a'shon), n. 1. The act of lamenting. "The deploration of her fortune.' Speed.-2. In music, a dirge or mournful strain. Deplore (de-plor), v. t. pret. & pp. deplored; ppr. deploring. [L. deploro, to weep bitterly, to wail-de, intens., and ploro, to howl, to wail; from Indo-Enr. root plu, whence pluere, to rain; pluvius, rain; and our flow, flood.] 1. To lament; to bewail; to mourn; to feel or express deep and poignant grief for. Thou art gone to the grave! but we will not deplore thee. Heber. 2. To despair of; to regard or give up as desperate. The physicians do make a kind of scruple and religion to stay with the patient after the disease is deplored. 3. To complain of. Never more Bacon. Shak. Will I my master's tears to you deplore. 'Twas when the sea was roaring Gay. Lament Deploredly + (dé-plōr'ed-li), adv. ably. Deploredness (dē-plōr'ed-nes), n. The state of being deplored; deplorableness. Bp. Hall. [Rare.] Deplorer (de-plōr'ėr), n. One who deplores or deeply laments; a deep mourner. Deploringly (dē-plōr′ing-li), adv. In a deploring manner. Deploy (de-ploi), v.t. [Fr. déployer-de, priv., and ployer, equivalent to plier, to fold, from L. plico, to fold. See PLY.] Milit, to display; to open; to extend in a line of small depth, as an army, a division, or a battalion which has been previously formed in one or more columns. Deploy (dé-ploi), v.i. To open; to extend; to form a more extended front or line. A column is said to deploy when it makes a flank march or unfolds itself, so as to display its front Sullivan. Deploy, Deployment (de-ploi', de-ploi'ment), n. The expansion of a body of troops, DEPORTATION previously compacted into a column, so as to present a large front. Deplumation (de-plum-a'shon), n. [See DEPLUME.] 1. The stripping or falling off of plumes or feathers.-2. In med. a disease or swelling of the eyelids, with loss of hair. Deplume (dé-plūm'), v.t. pret. & pp. deplumed; ppr depluming. [L.L. deplumo, to strip off feathers-L de, priv, and plumo, to cover with feathers, from pluma, a fea ther.] To strip or pluck off feathers; to deprive of plumage. Such a person is like Homer's bird, deplumes himself to feather all the naked callows that he sees. Depolarize (dē-pō'lėr-īz), v.t. [Prefix de, priv., and polarize.] To deprive of polarity. Depone (de-pōn'), v.t. [L. depono, to lay down, to deposit-de, down, and pono, to place, lay.] 1. To lay down; to deposit. What basins, most capacious of their kind, Enclose her, while the obedient element Lifts or depones its burthen. Southey. 2. To lay down as a pledge; to wager. Hudibras. Depone (dē-pōn'), v.i. In old English and Scots law, to give testimony; to bear witness; to depose. Farther Sprot deponeth, that he entered himself thereafter in conference with Bour. State Trials. Not that he was in a condition to depone to every. thing he tells. N. Brit. Rev. Deponent (de-pōn'ent), a. [L. deponens, deponentis, ppr. of depono-de, and pono, to lay.] Laying down.-Deponent verb, in Latin gram. a verb which has a passive termination, with an active signification; as, loquor, to speak: so called because such verbs were regarded as having laid down their passive sense. Deponent (de-pōn'ent), n. 1. One who deposes or gives a deposition, especially under oath; one who gives written testimony to be used as evidence in a court of justice, or for any other purpose.-2. In Latin gram. a deponent verb. Depopularize (dē-po'pū-lêr-iz), v. t. To render unpopular. Westminster Rev. [Rare.] Depopulate (dē-po'pū-lāt), v.t. pret. & pp. depopulated; ppr. depopulating. [L. depopulor, depopulatus, to lay waste, ravagede, intens., and populor, to ravage or lay waste, from populus, people.] To dispeople; to unpeople; to deprive of inhabitants, whether by death or by expulsion. It is not synonymous with laying waste or destroying, being limited to the loss of inhabitants; as, an army or a famine may depopulate a country. It rarely expresses an entire loss of inhabitants, but often a great diminution of their numbers. Grim death, in different shapes, Depopulates the nations, thousands fall His victims. Philips. Depopulate (dē-po'pū-lāt), v.i. To become dispeopled. [Rare or obsolete.] This is not the place to enter into an inquiry whether the country be depopulating or not. Goldsmith. The Depopulation (dē-po'pû-lā”shon), n. act of dispeopling; destruction or expulsion of inhabitants. Depopulator (dē-po'pu-lāt-ér), n. One who or that which depopulates; one who or that which destroys or expels the inhabitants of a city, town, or country; a dispeopler. Deport (de-pōrt'), v.t. [Fr. déporter, to banish; O. Fr. se deporter, to amuse one's self; L. deporto, to convey down or away, to banish-de, down, away, and porto, to carry.] 1. To carry; to demean; to behave: with the reciprocal pronoun. Let an ambassador deport himself in the most graceful manner before a prince. Pope. 2. To transport; to carry away, or from one country to another. He told us he had been deported to Spain, with a hundred others like himself. Walsh. [Compare the parallel meanings of the words port, portly; carry, carriage.] Deport (de-port'), n. Behaviour; carriage; demeanour deportment. 'Goddess - like deport.' Milton. [Rare.] Déport (da-por), n. A French stock exchange term, equivalent to our word backwardation. Deportation (dé-port-á'shon), n. Transportation; a carrying away; a removal from one country to another, or to a distant place; exile; banishment. 'That sudden transmi |