The Berbers and the Islamic State

The Arab conquest of North Africa in the 8th century gave birth to a new political body on the Western Mediterranean shores, a Berber-Islamic state, which continued to evolve throughout the entire medieval period and achieved viability, coherence and stability by implementing Islamic norms of community and statehood, identity and institutions. The process was not a peaceful one, however. The drive to bring the Berber populace into the mainstream of Islamic statehood, through intensified islamization, indoctrination in Islamic theology and expansion of the judicial system, deepened the awareness of Berber particularism, and refined and defined its expression vis-a-vis the Islamic state and its institutions. The story told here is that of the acculturation and alienation of the Berbers to the Islamic state under the Marinids in the 13th-15th centuries. This book studies how the Berbers participated in the process of the state's formation in the medieval Maghreb, while at the same time resisting uniformity and conformity to cultural norms and institutions, through which acculturation was enforced. The sources used here are evidence to challenge the view that no independent Berber intellectual and literary activity existed, and to substantiate expressions of Berber self-awareness in the Arab chronicles.