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unslaked lime, put some of it in an earthern pan unglazed, pour the herb decoction hot upon it, and as the smoke ascends let the patient's head be held over it in such a position as to inhale the fumes at the mouth, nose, and ears; and as the vapours die away, fresh knobs of lime must be thrown in, and this to be continued as long as the party infected can bear it. In the mean time let some pure strong lime-water be made, of which take a quarter of a pint-more or less, proportioned to the habit of body of the patient: mix with it three table spoonfuls of the herb decoction hot, and give it to the sick person as soon as he or she is placed in a warm bed. Let the body, and particularly the head, be carefully kept warm, so as to prevent any check to the perspiration that will ensue upon this operation; but at the same time preserve a free circulation of air through the apartment, that all efluvia arising from the infected person may pass instantaneously off: in case of thirst, give the patient plentifully to drink of strong green tea warm, but with out milk or sugar; and in no stage of the disorder either bleed or blister, for such a measure might be immediately fatal.

"This dose and fumigation must be repeated as often as the patient can support it, till an amendment takes place; and in prisons, or other places where a great many may be confined together, it will be nccessary to have the room fumigated likewise. This remedy must be applied as soon as possible after the attack of the disorder, which is presently known by a sickness and headach, and which seldom spares any European on his arrival on these shores. It is with some dread

fully violent in its effects, frequently terminating, if not in death, at least in total insanity; and many of its symptoms partake of the nature of the yellow fever, a species of which was very prevalent in England, I remember, in the year 1779 or thereabout."

A short account of the presidency of Nombre de Dios next follows, whither Mr. Davie accompanied his reverend friend :- thence, however, they were quickly recalled, by the increasing difficulties of Rio ja Minor, which pressed so hard upon the venerable father Hernandez, the steady, mild, and venerable patron of our traveller, that he died a few days after his return. This event was the signal for universal commotion and revolt. The charua Indians, aided by those of the town, and headed by the disaffected Spaniards, burst like a torrent upon the Spanish government, and massacred, without distinction, every soul, save those whom they conceived well affected to their views. The veneration for the memory of father Hernandez, who seems to have been the best of men, secured not only the life, but a safe retreat to Buenos Ayres for Mr. Davie. And here the narrative terminates. We refer to the advertisement, prefixed to the work, for the further notices respecting the author;-and we shall take leave of the subject, with an acknowledgment of the great variety of entertainment and instruction, we have received at the hands of Mr. Davic.

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The reasons which we have already assigned, as those which led us to dwell particularly upon such works, as have appeared within this year, relating to South America, apply also in our consideration of the present article. With respect to Brasil, we are nearly as much in the dark, as we are about Peru or Paraguay. In the preface, Mr. Lindley thus delivers himself upon the subject.

"Notwithstanding the many voyages and travels that have lately been published, and the addition science has received in geographcial information, Brasil continues in a manner hidden, as to the world in general; all endeavours to gain information respecting it being industriously repressed by the Por, tuguese government, both in the colony itself and in Europe. For a century subsequent to its discovery, the Jesuit missionaries were indefatigable in their attempts to gain some knowledge of the interior of Brasil, its animal, vegetable, and mineral productions; and the discoveries they made being annually dispatched to the college of Jesuits in Bahia, were detailed and printed in the chronicles of the order, and were the groundwork of every publication respecting this part of South America that followed. These fathers had the most extensive communication, by means of the correspondence kept up by them in every part of South America, especially with their brethren in Peru and Paraguay; and, through the great body of information possessed in consequence by the different superiors, a most complete and scientific work would finally have been formed; but the project was nipped in the bud by the fatal jealousy of

government, who, about the close of the seventeenth century, prohibited its continuance, and would allow no further publication to be made on the subject. Secret communications were however still remitted and recorded by the college; but they are probably lost to the world, as they lie buried indiscriminately amidst numberless other manuscripts, in a room adjoining the late monastery of the order, where they have continued for the last forty years wholly neglected, and are now rapidly decaying and mouldering to dust.

"Thus forgotten, and apparently despised, one would suppose that access to them was no difficult task: but this is by no means the case; the approach of the curious even among themselves is impracticable, and the rigour of course is not less as to foreigners.

"It is to be lamented, that during the time Holland was in possession of the most central, picturesque, and fruitful provinces of Brasil, which was a space of no less than thirty years, the Dutch never attempted to clucidate the history, or give information respecting the country: but the constant war in which they were engaged, either with the regular forces of the Portuguese, or the colonists, gave them perhaps no leisure for the purpose; or, which is more probable, they had no opportunity of penetrating into the interior.

"In the year 1730, Rocha Pitta, a most intelligent and well-informed Brasilian, member of the royal academy of history in Lisbon, &c. compiled a quarto history of Brasil, from the chronicles of the Jesuits and other authorities, and some valuable local knowledge of his own.

This work is extremely copious in the details of its foundation as a colony, its successive governors, its churches, monasteries, and convents; but in its natural history, productions, commerce, and, in short, every point of useful information, is brief, cramped, and deficient; it is written also in the most bombast and enthusiastic style: yet the Portuguese government in a few years publicly prohibited its being read under the severest penalties, and it is now only to be met with (care fully secluded) in the cabinets of the curious.

"Voltaire and the Abbé Raynal have also diffusedly written on Brasil; the former in many respects erroneously, while the political and arithmetical calculations of the latter are certainly unfounded, though de tailed in the most specious and amusing manner."

To remedy, in some degree, this want of information, Mr. Lindley professes to be his motive for the publication of this work, although, we rather think it has been dictated by a spirit of resentment against the Portuguese government, which had condemned his vessel and imprisoned him, for an attempt to engage in a contraband trade, first with the governor, and afterwards with others of the inhabitants of Porto Seguro, one of the most valuable of the Brasilian provinces.

In the introduction, the author enters into a long, and, we confess, unsatisfactory statement of the causes of his imprisonment, and tedious detention (with his wife,) in Brasil, whence he at length escaped; but totally failed, on his arrival in Europe, in obtaining from the Portuguese government any restitution or recompence, for what he

terms the injuries he had in so many respects sustained, "in his feelings, his health, his time, and his property."

The period, however, which Mr. Lindley thus unpleasantly spent, we will not say in unmerited calamity in Brasil, was filled up by the writing his diary, here given to the public; and, by far the most interesting part of the volume before us, a detailed description of the provinces of Porto Seguro, and of St. Salvadore. — To relieve the tedious personality of the former part of his work, the author has interspersed it with sketches of the country, its inhabitants and manners, from which we shall make such occasional extracts as may amuse or instruct the reader.

Upon the detection of Mr. Lindley's commercial projects, his vessel was ordered under detention from Carevellos to Porto Seguro, where, after the usual formalities, he was himself imprisoned. By particular favour, Mrs. Lindley was allowed to accompany him. They were conducted along the beach and up the hill to the common prison, and were then shewn into an upper room, the trap door of which was opened, a ladder put down, and they descended to some depth into a dungeon, below the surface of the earth, and which emitted an intolerable stench. Disease of body and distress of mind speedily followed this disaster, and both husband and wife were nearly the victims.-After a fortnight's residence in this wretched hole, they were at length permitted the accommodation of a small deal partitioned apartment, with liberty of walking in a larger one adjoin ing; each had a window without bars, and free circulation of fresh

air, invaluable to them in their miserable situation.

On Mr. Lindley's being seized, the commission found in his writing desk a paper containing a small quantity of grain gold, intermixed with gold-coloured sand, which had been brought to him by a native of Porto Seguro, as a sample. This strongly attracted the curiosity of the government, and they insisted on the name and residence of the person from whom he had procured it. This, however, Mr. Lindley positively refused to comply with, alledging his ignorance of both, contrary to the fact, although he added, that he believed him to belong to a distant settlement. In search of this unknown person, Mr. Lindley was compelled to make a journey, which gave him some opportunity of seeing the country, and its particulars are thus detailed.

"At six in the morning we mounted our horses, altogether seven of us, and took the beach to the south. After an hour's ride, abruptly turned to the west into the country; and, ascending a steep height, soon arrived at the chapel of Nossa Senhora de Judea, on its summit. The prospect from hence is grand indeed, not only of the surrounding country, but commanding the adjacent ocean, upon which the white walls of the chapel form an excellent sea-mark; and its patroness, the Virgin, is particularly invoked by the neighbouring coasting vessels and fishing smacks, in cases of distress or contrary winds her fame even extends to curing several disorders, if called on with proper faith. The inside of the building is decorated with rude drawings of vessels in distress, and of sick chambers, having inscriptions under each, of the different

cases which they are intended to

commemorate.

"After eating a biscuit and drinking some of the good vicar's water, we visited several plantations and ingenios in the neighbourhood, at one of which we procured an Indian guide. Taking the course of the river, we had a beautiful ride over a fine champaign country, wanting only cultivation to form the best of meadow land; the soil black mould, at times gravelly, clay patches, and sandy flats.

"Leaving the open land, we entered the woods of ages through a narrow path, which admitted only one horseman abreast, and was impenetrably defended from the sun's rays by the overhanging branches, which sometimes were so low as to be very inconvenient. After two hours' smart ride, the country again opened; and we passed several planta. tions of sugar cane, mandiock, &c. with pieces of ground partly cleared, and numberless other spots capable of being converted into fine land, either for pasture or tillage. The scene now changed to a range of low hills, lying east and west, in the direction of the river, to which the land gradually descended; but on the opposite bank it rose precipitately to a high cliff, covered with never-fading verdure. Riding parallel to these hills, about one o'clock arrived at the plantation and ingenio of Joao Furtado. Here we alighted, expecting better accommodation than we might meet with at the Villa Verde, a little further; which, being an extreme settlement, is inhabited only by the vicar (a missionary), three whites, and a few converted Indians.

"Our host was an old bachelor of seventy, who resided with a mai

den

den sister of nearly the same age.The old man told me he was born near the spot; that his life had been a series of industry; and the ingenio, building, furniture, &c. were almost entirely the work of his own hands. I found him very conversant in the natural history of the country around him, particularly in ornitho logy; and I was sorry our momen. tary stay enabled me not to obtain more information.

"The word ingenio is the Portuguese distinction of those who have a sugar work:-here very simple, consisting of three rollers of ponderous wood, two feet in diameter and three in length, working horizontally in a frame: the upper part of the centre roller joins a square beam that ascends through the frame work, and to which are affixed cross pieces sufficiently low for the harness of two horses, that move the whole. The side rollers work by cogs from the centre one. Underneath this machine is a long trough, slanted, that receives the juice of the cane as pressed out by the rollers. The juice is thence conveyed to a shallow boiler, of six feet diameter, and skimmed from all impurities; after cooling in another vessel, they add an alkali of wood ashes, suffer it to stand some days, pour off the pure liquor, convey it to the same boiler, and evaporate till the sugar is formed, the settlings, &c. being distilled to a powerful spirit. How widely different is this primitive sugar making, from the im. mense works, machines, and engines employed by our West-India planters!

"I found the accommodation of the house far superior to what I had expected from the general poverty of Porto Seguro; and, in fact, the

best I met with in this part of Brasil: our welcome was free, provi. sion well cooked (for the country), and tolerably clean. We dined on the ground, mats being first laid, and a clean cloth spread over them. There were plenty of earthen ware (a rarity here), silver spoons, and knives and forks hafted with the same metal. At night, the bedding was decent and comfortable.

"I arose with the sun next morning, and was charmed with the country surrounding the plantation. The house itself was encircled with bannanas, cotton shrubs, cocoas, and orange trees; diverging from them, inclosures of canes, mandiock, &c.: to the westward lay a large tract of herbage, reserved for grazing, irregularly fenced with native woods; on its descent to the river, the ground, unequal, formed some beautiful hollows, patched with groups of trees, which, with the stream itself, and cattle on its banks, pictured the most delightful scene.

"As I skirted the woods, I saw birds of the most brilliant plumage, one nearly the size of a turkey. Of these the moutou was particularly rich, of a deep blue, nearly ap proaching black, with a head and eye strikingly beautiful: toucans were numerous, and many others elegant indeed. Marmozets, both of the grey and silver ion colour, were in every bush; but their piercing shriek is disagreeable, and, if near you, penetrates to the very brain. I fancied I heard the distant growl of ounces, which are numerous, and fatal in their ravages; forming, with snakes, the chief scourge of the planters.

"After dinner, we began our return by the same route, passing several scattered plantations, situate

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