and her commission-trade with the continent, was capable of preserving her from ruin. The former is now destroyed; and as England, besides throwing a thousand obstacles in the way of exportation, likewise seized every opportunity of sending her commodities into her own ports as contraband, his imperial and royal majesty, whose dominions surround Liguria, found himself necessitated to adopt a system for the whole of those frontiers, which, while it prevented the importation of English commodities into the departments of France, likewise cut off all communication between Liguria and the continent, and consequently put a stop to the only trade which England had left the republic.-Alarmed at a situation which could not fail, in a short time, to involve her in utter ruin, Genoa was long con. vinced that she had no other resource than to unite herself more closely with France. She daily renounced, from necessity, a portion of her independence, and was protected only by a corps of French troops, for which she had applied. By the depredations of the Barbary corsairs that hovered about the island of Caprea, in order the better to molest her trade, she was, at length, compelled to cede that island to France.-Genoa, unable to equip vessels for the protection of her coasts, possessing dock-yards and magazines, unserviceable in her exhausted state, having merchant vessels, which her marine and her flag were incapable of protecting, and which were obliged to sail under that of another power, to escape the privateers, Genoa could no longer procure bread for her numerous population, depending for subsistence on maritime enterprizes and the industry that prevails in her ports.-Not being in a condition to carry on, in a direct manner, the war in which England had involved her, she could do no more than send her seamen on board the French squadrons, and implore the French government to make use in France of her labourers, for whom she could not find employment. In perpetual apprehension of civil commotions from the discontent of parties, on account of the general poverty, which was continually increasing, and the imbecility of the government, which could not firmly establish itself, she was persuaded of the necessity of forming a corps of gens d'armes, to be commanded by French officers.-Thus the union of Genoa was imperceptibly effected by her situation. This measure was desired by her inhabitants. Nothing more was therefore necessary than that it should be taken into consideration by those parts of the government which suffered the most from this state of uncertainty, the expences and burthens of which rendered the condition of Liguria still more oppressive. Hence proceeded the sudden enthusiasm, the eager zeal, of the people of Genoa, to subscribe to the wish for an incorporation; when the senate, after mature consideration, thought it their duty to propose it, and regarded that as the favourable moment, in which his imperial and royal majesty could behold, with his own eyes, the distresses of a country to which arms had restored its independence, but which, in spite. of all its efforts, could not again recover its former prosperity.-As Piedmont, Parma, and Placenza, by which Liguria is encompassed, form a part of the dominions of his ma jesty; jesty; as the kingdom of Italy is in his hands, and has received a sovereign from him; as the republic of Genoa, which was forgotten by England in the treaty of Amiens, perceives that both the sea and the land are shut against her, she could not have formed a resolution better adapted to her interest and her dignity, than to incorporate herself with a great nation, and that with an impetuosity so enthusiastic as perfectly answered for the success of the measure.-Ilis imperial and royal majesty, affected by the mo. tives which induced Genoa to adopt this resolution, was obliged provisorily to comply with a wish that was the result of long experience and the most mature deliberation, The annihilation of the hopes of a people who were determined no longer to be denied, might have been productive of the most serious consequences. The continental power of France has not, in fact, been augmented by this union. A narrow tract, so cooped up by the sea and by mountains, as to leave a free communication only at a few points, which does not produce corn sufficient to suport its 500,000 inhabitants; which is exposed to the havoc of annual inundation in its most fertile districts, and oppressed by the burthen of a prodigious debt, without any probability of its ever being paid off; the incorporation with his imperial and royal majesty's state of such a country, which has but little communication with the continent, and is incapable of restoring its naval power, on account of the alteration which has taken place in the situation of all other states, cannot afford any pretext for continental discussions; and its union with France cannot possi. bly produce any remonstrances by which peace is likely to be endan gered. Should England succeed in creating discord on this subject, no alternative will be left his imperial and royal majesty but to prosecute with vigour the unjust war that will be declared against him.-Enjoying the satisfaction of having rescued a state which threw itself into his arms, he will have in his favour the goodness of its cause, the public opinion, and all the motives of dignity, neighbourhood, and benevo lence, which have hitherto induced him to protect Genoa.- Far more important considerations of great interest to all Europe, excepting England, co-operated on this occa. sion in the resolves of his majesty. France, which, by her political and geographical situation on the Atlan tic and Mediteranean seas, is destin. ed to check the usurpation of the ocean, and to vindicate the rights and independence of the maritime powers, has not coasts so extensive as England. Without enlarging her continental possessions, she will obtain, by the union of Genoa, 6000 seamen to supply the place of those whom she lost during the late war, and will thus be enabled the better to cope with a state, the sole object of whose efforts is to usurp the dominion of the scas, which exercises an universal mouopoly, which strives to make with every nation commercial treaties in her own way; which is extending her power in India only with a view to employ it against Europe; which violates all the rights of neutrals, and which will not conduct herself with more moderation towards them, till France shall have acquired a formidable navy.-Were the English to restore Goa to the Portuguese, Ceylon to the Dutch, the the vast possessions of Tippoo Saib to his heirs, and the empire of the Mahrattas to its independence, it would better become them than to remonstrate against the union of a narrow tract of coast, which is already surrounded by the French territory. But these exaggerating alarmists, who will infallibly raise a prodigious outcry against a measure which they have themselves rendered necessary for Genoa, for France, and for the security of Europe, will, it is to be hoped, not make any impression on the wiser To all cabinets of the continent. the states of Europe the situation of Liguria must be a matter of indifference. They have long seen that this country is separated from their territories by the dominions of his imperial and royal majesty, and, from its position, can have no com munication with them but by sea. They are already accustomed to the intimate relations subsisting between the Genoese and France, to the mutual interests and mutual operations which have rendered the two nations indivisible. Their union must appear to all Europe the inevitable result of their position. It cannot excite any mistrust in the continental powers, as it will not add a single battalion to the French army; as the gradual decay of Liguria forbids the annexation of its territory to be ascribed to wishes of ambition, so there is not a court that ought to entertain any alarm concerning the intentions of his majesty, after the principles of moderation he has manifested, in accepting the cron of Italy only till such time as the tranquillity of the south of Europe shall be restored-England imagined, that while she was conquering India, VOL. XLVII. and plundering the sovereigns of 21 guria guria and France, as France has made no complaint concerning the destruction of the Mahratta empire. Proclamation published pursuant to the Orders of his Prussian Majesty, in quality of Prince of Anspach, by the Magistrates of all the Places in Anspach bordering on Suabia. Dated September 21th, 1805. In conformity with a supreme rescript of the 18th instant, address ed to the undersigned local authorities, his majesty the king of Prussia, our prince, has resolved, during the present critical circumstances, in which the other powers are about to be involved in mutual warfare, to observe the most rigid neutrality, for the welfare of his states and of his subjects. In consequence of this resolution, his majesty has thought proper to order, for the maintenance of this neutrality :1st. That no passage of foreign troops, nor of convoys accompanied by a military escort, shall be allowed to take place through the states of his majesty without his supreme consent:-2dly. That the passage of any troops, of whatsoever description, that shall either be demanded or attempted, without previous application, shall be refused with civility; but, at the same time with unshaken firmness; and that no accommodation, conveyance, assistance, or succours of any kind shall be granted, upon any pretence whatsoever, either for payment or acknowledgment, but that such attempts are to be protested against, &c. The inhabitants of this city are hereby informed of an arrange mout which ought to quiet their ap. 1 prehensions, and excite their grati tude, inasmuch as it evidently proves the paternal solicitude of his majesty; and it is expected that notice will be given to the undersigned department, of the approach of any troops that shall appear, and of the demands they may make. It is at the same time publickly notified, that his majesty has thought proper, in the present critical conjuncture, to prohibit generally and most strictly, any exports from his states, and to extend this prohibition to bread-corn of every kind, whether in grain or flour; as also to oats, to pease, and other leguminous productions, and to horses of any age. whatsoever. All who shall offend against this prohibition shall be punished, without any regard to the particular circumstances, by the confiscation of the prohibited articles which they may wish to export, as well as of the horses and waggons. A true Statement of the Conduct of the Serene Elector Palatine of Bavaria, in answer to the "His torical Representation of the Events which have directed the Conduct of his Electoral Highness." The serene elector palatine has published an historical representation, in which he owns himself an ally of France, and declares war against Austria and Russia, excusing, by false allegations, the breach of promise he had made to the Roman emperor, of ceding his troops to him. Not content with the indemnifications the serene elector had received by the conclusum of the empire of 27th April, 1803, he suffered himself, from ambition, to be drawn drawn into secret engagements with France, which proved on every occasion, to tend systematically to counteract Austria.-As his ambi tious hopes rested principally upon the prospects of a fresh attack with which the court of Vienna was menaced by France on every occasion, those gradual armaments which his majesty was compelled to make from the preparations made by the emperor Napoleon, became an object of the serene elector's attention. His first design was to raise a numerous army in Bavaria, and to hold it in readiness for the French emperor. The quickness of the Austrian armament prevented the execution of that intention, and the elector chose rather to hasten to go and join the French with all his troops, leaving his Bavarian and Suabian estates to their own fate, than to disappoint the expectation of the enemy of public tranquillity; consequently the whole of the Ba varian artillery was sent to Wurtzburgh, the Bavarian and Suabian troops were assembled, and a French general was present, to prepare every thing agreeably to the desire of the emperor Napoleon. His serene highness the elector had also prepared for his departure, when prince Schwarzenberg arrived at Munich, on the 6th September.-The danger that the elector palatine would join the French was indubitable; consequently a serious demand for the cession of troops became a just measure of self-defence.-The elector agreed to the demand verbally, and in writing. He wrote to the prince, on the 7th of September, with his own hand; "I am "resolved; confer with the minister "Montgolas, on the conditions." The minister confirmed his sove reign's resolution, and proposed the conditions; that the elector's own regiment, and that of the electoral prince, should remain at the dispo sal of his serene highness; and that Munich and Nymphenburgh should be exempted from the passage of Austrian troops. The agreement was to be concluded at Haag, on the following day.-On the 8th of September, count Nogarolla was sent off to the emperor, with a letter from the elector, beginning in the following words:" I have "this morning ordered my minister "to conclude an agreement with "prince Schwarzenberg, in pursu 66 ance of which I shall unite my "forces to those of your imperial "and royal majesty, to give you a 66 proof of my inviolable devotion." No sooner had count Nogarolla set off with this letter, and even before prince Schwarzenberg could go from Munich to Haag, than the serene elector left Bavaria in the night of the 8th, and withdrew all his troops by forced marches, having emptied all the public chests, and taken with him even the deposited bonds, and widows' and orphans' estates; whence it became necessary to put a stop to the further drawing of annuities &c. to prevent a total stagnation of the whole administra tion of the country.--When prince Schwarzenberg and general Mack arrived at Ilaag, the elector's intention of flying from his engagement was no longer secret. After they had waited a long while, there appeared a palatine lieutenant-colo nel, shewing, by his tone and proposals, quite different from those of Munich, that a pretence was sought for breaking off a nugatory negotiation. It was refused to leave the electoral troops in Bavaria: their Zz2 cession |