Bectiox III.-Tux ROMAN REPUBLIC, FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE CARTHAGINIAN Wars, 263 B. C. TO TUE REDUCTION OF GREECE AND CARTHAGE, 146 B. C.-117 YEARB. 1. Carthage.-II. First Punic War.-111. Mlyrian War.-IV. War with the Gauls.-V. Second Funic War.-VI. Grecian War.–VII. Syrian War.–VIII. Third Punic War. Page 150–105. ROMAN HISTORY, FROM THE CONQUESTS OF GREECE AND CARTILAGE, 146 B. Og TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA. I Spain after the fall of Carthage.--II. Servile war in Sicily.-III. Dissensions of the Gracchi. --IV. Jugurthine War.–V. Germanic luvasion.-VI. Nie Social War.-VII. First Mithe ridatic War.-VIII. Civil wars between Marius and Sylla.—1X. Servile war in Italy.-X. Second and Third Mithridatic wars.-XI. Conspiracy of Catiline.-XII. The First Triumvi virale.-XII. Civil war between Cæsar and Pompey:-XIV. The Second Trium virele.- ROMAN HISTORY CONTINUED, FROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE CARISTIAN ERA, TO THE OVERTHROW OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE OF THE BOMANS : BECTION 1.-ROMAN HISTORY FROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA TO THE DEATH OP DOMITIAN, THE LAST OF THE TWELVE CESARS: A. D. 96. Tiberius. –V. Caligula.-VI. Claudius.-VII. Nero.-VIII. Galba.-IX. Otho.-X. Vitellius SECTION II.--ROMAN HISTORY FROM THE DEATH OF DOMITIAN A. D. 96, TO THE ESTABLISH- MENT OF MILITARY DESPOTISM, AFTER THE MURDER OP ALEXANDER SEVE'RUS, Nerva.-II. Trajan.-III. Adrian.-IV. Titus Antoninus.–V. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. SECTION III.-ROMAN HISTORY, FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MILITARY DESPOTISM APTER THE REION OF ALEXANDER SEVE'RUS, A. D. 235, TO THE SUBVERSION OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE OF THE ROMANS, A. D. 476:- 241 YEARS. I. Maximin.-II. Gordian.-III. Pupienus and Balbinus.-IV. Second Gordian.-V. Philip the Arabian.-VI. Decius.- VII. Gallus.-VIII. Æmiliánus.-IX. Valerian.-X. Gallienus.-XI. M, Aurelius Claudius.-XII. Quintilius.-XIII. Aurelian.-XIV. Tacitus.--XV. Florian.-XVI. Probus.-XVII. Cárus.--XVIII. Numerian and Carinus.--XIX. Diocletian.--XX. Maximian XXI. Galérius and Constan' tius.-XXII. Con' stantine.-XXIII. Constantius II.-XXIV. Julian the Apostate.-XXV. Jovian.-- XXVI. Valentin'ian and Valens.-XXVII. Barbarian Inroads.--XXVIU. Gratian and Theodosius.-XXIX. Valentinian II.-XXX. Honorius and Arcadius.--XXXI. Alaric the Goth.-XXXII. Valentin' ian III.-XXXIII. Conquests of Attila.-XXXIV. The Vandals.-XXXV. Av' itus-Majorian.-XXXVI. Severus--XXXVIL. HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE AGES: EXTENDING FROM THE OVERTHROW OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE OF THE ROMANS, A. D. 476, TO THE DISCOVERY OT AMERICA, A. 1. 1492:-1016 YEARS. Section I.-GENERAL HISTORY, FROM THE OVERTHROW OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE OF TOR ROMANS TO THE BEGINNING OF THE TENTH CENTURY :-424 YEARS. . Introductory.-11. The monarchy of the Heruli.—III. Monarchy of the Ostrogoths.-IV. The era of Justinian-V. The Lombard monarchy.-VI. The Saracen empire.- VII. Monarchy Page 235–264. TELIRTEENTH CENTURIES : A. D. 900 TO 1300 :-400 YkARS. Saracon world. - III. Tie Byzantine empire.--IV, Condition of Italy.-V. Condition of Ger. Page 264273. The Feudal system, Chivalry, and the Crusades.-I. The Fendal system.-11. Chivalry. Page 273-288 duction of Ireland.-IV. Subjugation of Wales.-V. Scottish wars......... Page 288–297. 1 England and France during the Fourteenth and Fifteenth centuries.-I. French and English wars, 1318 to 1453.-11. Wars of the cwo Roses.-II. Reign of Henry VII. of Eng. Nations at the close of the Fifteenth century.-1. Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.-II. The Russian empire.-III. The Ottoman empire.-IV. Tartar empire of Tamerlane.-V. Poland. - VI. The German empire. - VII. Switzerland. - VIII. Italian History. IX. à Discoveries.-Navigation.—Magnetic Needle.- Art of Printing.---The Canaries.-Capo do Verd and Azore Islands.—The Portuguese.-Christopher Columbus.—Vasco de Gama...... GENERAL HISTORY DURING THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. 1. Introductory.-Unity of Ancient History.--The Middle Ages.- Modern History.- Plan of the subsequent part of the work.–Europe, Asia, Egyph, The New World, at the beginning of . The Age of Henry VIII. and Charles V-1. The States-system of Europe.-II. The rivalry between Francis I. and Charles V.-III. Henry VIII. of England.-IV. The Reformation. V. Abilication and retirement of Charles V... & The Age of Elizabeth.-I. Mary of Scotland.-II. Civil and religious war in Franco.-IL Massacre of St. Bartholomew.-IV. The Netherlands.-V. The Spanish Armada.-VI. Edict of Nantes.-VII. Character of Elizabeth..... Cotemporary History.-1. The Portugliese Colonial Empire.-II. Spanish Colonial Empiro. UL. The slogul Empire in India.-1V. The Persian Einpire...... Page 348353 1. The Thirty Years' War.-I. The Palatine period of the war.-II. Danish period of the war.-II. Swedish period of the war.-IV. French period of the war...... Page 353–361. - English History: The English Revolution.-I. Union of England and Scotland.-11. Jamos 1.- III. Charles I.-IV. Scotch Rebellion.--V. The Long Parliament.-VI. Civil war.-VII. Tho Scotch League.--VIII. Oliver Croinwell.-IX. Trial and execution of Charles I.-X. Aboll- tion of monarchy.-XI. War with Holland.-XII. The Protectorate.-XIII, Restoration of monurchy.-XIV. James II.--XV. Revolution of 1688....... 3. French History: Wars of Louis XIV.-I. Administration of Cardinal Richelieu.-II. Mazarin's administration.-III, Louis XIV. His war with Spain.--With the Allied Powerg- England, Spain, Holland, and Sweden.-internul affairs of France.-General war against Louis.-France at the end of the century.. 4. Colemporary History:-1, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway:-II. Poland.-III. Russia.--IV. Turkey.-V. Italy.-VI. The Spanish Peninsula.-VII. Asiatic Nations.-VIII. Colonial THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. of the reign of Louis XIV.-I. England, Germany, and 1709.-IX. Treaty of Utrecht, 1713.-X. Character of the reign of Louis XIV... Page 390—407. 2. Peter the Great of Russia, and Charles XII. of Sroeden.---I. The north and east of Europe.- II. Beginning of hostilities against Sweden.-III. Defeat of the Russians at Narva.-IV. Charles.-XI. His character.-XII. Death and character of Peter the Great.. Page 407-418. 3 Spanish Wars anil War of the Austrian Succession.-1. European Alliance.-II. War between England and Spain. - III. Causes of the war of the Austrian succession.-IV. Coali..on :igainst Austria.-V. Events of 1742-3.-VI. Events of 1744.-VII. Events of 1745. -VIII. Invasion of England by the Youry Pretender.--IX. Events in America.--X. 1746-7 --XI. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748... 4. The Seven Years' War : 1756-1763.-1. Eight years of peace.--II. Causes of another war. - III. Beginuing of hostilities in America.-IV. European Alliances -V. First Campaign of I'rederick, 1756.-VI. 1757.-VII. 1758.-VIII. 1759.-IX. 1760.-X. 1761.---X1. Peace of 1763.—XII. Military character of Frederick.. 5. State of Europe. The American Revolution.-I. General peace in Europe.-11. France.- III. Russia.-IV. Dismemberment of Poland.-V. State of parties in England.--VI. Ainerican Taxation.-VII. Opening of the war with the Colonies.-VIII. European relations with England.-IX. Alliance bel ween France and the American States.--X. War between France and England.--XI. War between Spain and England.--XII. Armed Neutrality against Eng. land.-- XIII. Rupture between England and Holland.--XIV. War in the East Indies.-XV. Treaty of 1702.--XVI. General Treaty of 1783..... & The French Revolution : 1789-1800.-1. Democratic spirit.-II. Louis XVI.--IU. Financial Jifbculties.-IV. The States-General.-V. Revolutionary state of Paris.-VI. Great political XXVIII. New Constitution.—XXIX. Insurrection in Paris.--1796. XXX. Invasion of Ger- many.-XXXI. The Army of Italy.-XXXII. Disturbances in England.--1797. XXXIII. Napoleon's Austrian Campaign.--*XXIV. Treaty of Campo Formio.-XXXV. Establish- ment of Military Despotisin in France.-1798. XXXVI. Proparations for the invasion of England.-XXXVII. Expedition to Egypt. - XXXVIII. Battle of the Pyramids - XXXIX. Balile of the Nile.-1799. XL. Syrian Expedition.-XLI. Siege of Acre.-XLII. Battle of Mount Tabor.-XLIII. Battle of Aboukir.-XLIV. Overthrow of the Directory.-XLV. Na- SECTION I.-THE WARS OF NAPOLEON: 1800—1815. 1. Events or the year 1800, War with Austria.-II. Events of 1801.--III. Events of 1802, the year of peace.--IV. Renewal of the war, 1803.–V. Ever is of 1804. Napoleon Emperor.-V1. 1805, Page 4754503. SECTION II.-FROM THE FALL OF NAPOLEON TO THE PRESENT TIME. 1. The Period of Peace : 1815-1820).-1. Treaties of 1815.–11. England.-III. France..... 2. Revolutions in Spain, Portugal, Naples, Piedmont, Greece, France, Belgium, and Pa 3. English Reforms. French Revolution of 1818. Revolution in the German States, Prussin, and Austria. Revolution in Italy. Hungarian War. Usurpation of Louis Napoleon : GENERAL GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL VIEWS, ILLUSTRATED 568 12. Battle Grounds of Napoleon, &c. 13. France, Spain, and Portugal.. 572 14. Switzerland, Denmark, &c... 574 15. Netherlands, (Holland and Belgium).. 592 576 16. Great Britain and Ireland... 580 18. United States of America............ 593 NOTE. For the "Index to the Geographical and Historical Notes" see end of the volume. PART I. ANCIENT HISTORY. CHAPTER I. THE EARLY AGES OF THE WORLD, PRIOR TO THE COMMENCE MENT OF GRECIAN HISTORY. ANALYSIS. 1. Tux CREATION. The earth a chaotic mass. Creation of light. Separation 1. THE CREA TION, 1. The history of the world which we inhabit commences with 2. Then the mysteries of vegetable life began to start into being; The stars, those gems of evening, shone forth in the sky; and two greater lights were set in the firmament, to divide the day from the night, and to be “for signs, and for seasons, and for days and for years." Then the finny-tribes sported in the waters of the seas," the birds of heaven filled the air with their melody, and the carth brought forth abundantly “cattle and creeping things,” and “ (very living creature after its kind.” 3. And when the Almighty architect looked upon the objects of creation, he saw that “all were good,” and he blessed the works of his hands. Then he “created man in his own image;" in the like ness of God, “male and female created he them;" and he gave them “ dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth." This was the last great act of creation, and thus God ended the work which he had made; and having rested from his labors, he sanctified a sabbath or day of rest, ever to be kept holy, in grateful remembrance of Him who made all things, and who bestows upon man all the blessings which he enjoys. 4. The only history of the human family from the creation of Adam to the time of the deluge, a period of more than two thousand years, is contained in the first six chap ters of the book of Genesis, supposed to have been written by Moses more than fourteen hundred years after the food. The fall of our first parents from a state of innocence and purity, the transgression of Cain and the death of Abel, together with a genealogy of the patriarchs, and an account of the exceeding wickedness of mankind, are the principal subjects treated of in the brief history of the antediluvian world. 5. When Noah and his family came forth from the ark, after the deluge had subsided, the earth was again a barren waste; for the waters had prevailed exceedingly, so that the hill-tops and the moun. tains were covered; and every fowl, and beast, and creeping thing and every man that had been left exposed to the raging flood, had been destroyed from the earth. Noah only remained alive, and they that had been saved with him in the ark; and to him, and his three sons, whose names were Shem, Ham, and Japheth, the whole earth was now given for an inheritance. 6. About two hundred years after the flood, we find the sons of Noah and their descendants, or many of them, assembled on the ANTEDILUVIAN HIS TORY. |