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MARROW-FAT

reverence paid to the Virgin Mary by kneeling] The bones of the knees; the knees. Down on your marrow-bones.' Dryden. [Humorous.j-To ride in the marrow-bone coach, to go on foot. [Slang.].

Marrow-fat (mar'o-fat), n. A kind of rich pea.

Marrowish (maro-ish), a. Of the nature of marrow. The brain is a soft, marrowish, and white substance.' Burton.

Marrowless (mar'o-les), a. Destitute of

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Marrowy (mar'o-i), a. Full of marrow; pithy. Cotgrave.

Marrubium (ma-ru'bi-um), n. [L] A genus of plants belonging to the nat. order Labiata; horehound. There are several species, natives of Southern Europe and Western Asia, one, the common or white horehound (M.vulgare), being naturalized in North America. It is a low-growing erect plant, with woolly stems, wrinkled leaves, and small white whorled flowers. In England a decoction of this plant, called horehound tea, is in much repute with country people as giving relief to asthmatic patients. See HORE

HOUND.

Marry (ma'ri), v. t. pret. & pp. married; ppr. marrying. [Fr. marier, Pr. maridar, It. maritare, L. maritare, to marry, from L. maritus, a husband, from mas, maris, a male.] 1. To unite in wedlock or matrimony; to join for life, as a man to a woman, or a woman to a man; to constitute man and wife according to the laws or customs of a nation. Tell him, that he shall marry the couple himself.

2. To dispose of in wedlock.

Maecenas took the liberty to tell him (Augustus), that he must either marry his daughter to Agrippa, or take away his life.

3. To take for husband or wife; as, a man marries a woman; or a woman marries a

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(To) marry, in splicing ropes, is to join one rope to another, for the purpose of reeving it, which is performed by placing the end of each close together, and then attaching them by worming. Falconer. Marry (maʼri), v.i. To enter into the conjugal state; to take a husband or a wife. If the case of the man be so with his wife, it is not good to marry.

I will therefore that the younger women marry. 1 Tim. v. 14. Marry (ma'ri). Indeed; forsooth: a term of asseveration derived from the practice of swearing by the Virgin Mary.

Wilt thou be pleased to hearken once again to the suit I made to thee? Shak.

Marry will I: kneel and repeat it. Marrying (ma'ri-ing), a. Disposed to marry. 'I don't think he's a marrying man.' A. Trollope.

Marry-muffet (ma'ri-muf), n. A coarse

common cloth.

Mars (märz), n. 1. A Latin deity, identified at an early period by the Latins themselves with the Greek Ares. He was principally worshipped as the god of war, and as such bore the epithet Gradivus; but he was also regarded as the patron of agriculture, which procured him the title of Silvanus; and as the patron of the state, in virtue of which he was called Quirinus. In works of art Mars is generally represented as of a youthful but powerful figure, armed with the helmet, shield, and spear. At other times he is bearded and heavily armed.-2. The planet which comes next to the earth in the order of distance from the sun, usually marked by the character . It is a brilliant star of a slight red tint. Mean distance from the sun 139,312,000 miles; period of one

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MARSH-MARIGOLD

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4. In France, the highest military officer. In other countries of Europe a marshal is a military officer of high rank, and called field-marshal.-5. In America, a civil officer appointed by the president and senate of the United States in each judicial district, answering to the sheriff of a county. His duty is to execute all precepts directed to him, issued under the authority of the United States.-6. An officer of any private society, appointed to regulate their ceremonies and execute their orders. Earl marshal of England, the eighth officer of state: an honorary title, and personal, until made hereditary by Charles II. in the family of Howard, duke of Norfolk. During a vacancy in the office of high-constable, the earl-marshal has jurisdiction in the court of chivalry. Earl marshal or marischal of Scotland, an officer who had command of the cavalry, under the constable. The office was held by the family of Keith, but forfeited by rebellion in 1715.-Knight marshal, or marshal of the king's (or queen's) household, an officer whose office is said to be to hear and determine pleas of the crown, and suits between those of the royal household and others within the verge, that is, within a circle of 12 miles round the royal palace. His criminal jurisdiction is not now used.-Marshal or provost-marshal of the army and of the navy. See under PROVOST.-Marshal of the King's (or Queen's) Bench, formerly an officer who had the custody of the prison called the King's (or Queen's) Bench, in Southwark. The act 5 and 6 Vict. xxii. abolished this office, and substituted an officer who is called keeper of the Queen's prison.

Marshal (mär'shal), v. t. pret. & pp. marshalled; ppr. marshalling. 1. To dispose in order; to arrange in a suitable manner; as, to marshal an army; to marshal troops.

False Wizard, avaunt! I have marshall'd my clan;
Their swords are a thousand, their bosoms are one!
Campbell.
2. To lead, as a harbinger.

Thou marshall'st me the way that I was going.
Shak.

3. In her. to dispose in due order the several parts of an escutcheon, or the coats of arms of distinct families.

Marshaller (mär'shal-ér), n. One who disposes in due order.

Dryden was the great refiner of English poetry, and the best marshaller of words.

Trapp.

Marshalsea (mär'shal-se), n. [E. marshal, and O.E. sea, see, a seat. Comp. see, the seat of episcopal power.] In England, the prison in Southwark, belonging to the marshal of the royal household, now consolidated with others, and denominated the Queen's prison. Court of marshalsea, a court formerly held before the steward and marshal of the royal house, to administer justice between the domestic servants of the king or queen. In the marshalsea there were two courts of record: (1.) The original court of the marshalsea, which held plea of all trespasses committed within the verge, that is, within a circle of 12 miles round the sovereign's residence. (2.) The palacecourt (which see) created by Charles I., and abolished in 1849.

Marshalship (mär'shal-ship), n. The office or dignity of a marshal.

Marsh-cinquefoil (märsh'singk-foil), n. A plant, Comarum palustre, nat. order Rosaceæ. It is 2 feet in height, has a purple flower, and is found in boggy places in Britain.

Marsh-elder (märsh'el-der), n. The wild gelder-rose (Viburnum Opulus). See GEL

DER-ROSE.

Marsh-gas (märsh'gas). Same as Firedamp (which see).

Marsh-harrier (märsh'ha-ri-ér), n. A bird of prey belonging to the genus Circus (Circus aeruginosus). It is a handsome bird, about 2 feet in length, frequenting marshes, and living on water- birds, mice, water-rats, frogs, rats, fish, &c. It is common in Cambridgeshire, and is also found in Scotland, Ireland, and parts of Wales. It is sometimes called the Moor-buzzard. See HARRIER.

Marshiness (märsh'i-nes), n. State of being Marsh-mallow (märsh'mal-lo), n. marshy. Althea officinalis, a hardy plant growing in saltmarshes in Britain, and bearing a fleshcoloured flower. See ALTHEA. Marsh-marigold (märsh'mar-i-gōld), n. A

MARSH-MIASMA

plant, Caltha palustris, nat. order Ranunculaceæ. See CALTHA.

The wild marsh-marigold shines like fire in swamps and hollows gray. Tennyson. Marsh-miasma (marsh'mi-az-ma), n. Miasma from marshes or boggy spots; the infectious vapours which arise from certain marshes and marshy soils, and which tend to the production of intermittent and remittent fevers.

Marsh-nut (märsh'nut). Same as Malaccabean (which see under MALACCA, a.). Marsh-pennywort (märsh'pen-ni-wèrt), n. A creeping umbelliferous plant of the genus Hydrocotyle, the H. vulgaris. It is also termed White-rot. See HYDROCOTYLE. Marsh-rosemary (marsh'rōz-ma-ri), n. The North American name for Statice Limonium, the root of which is a strong astringent, and sometimes used in medicine. Marsh-samphire (märsh'sam-fir), n. A leafless, much-branched, jointed, succulent plant, Salicornia herbacea, found on muddy or moist sandy shores, and frequent in England and Ireland. It is eaten by cattle, and makes a good pickle. It is also named Glasswort and Saltwort.

Marsh-trefoil (marsh'tre-foil), n. A plant, Menyanthes trifoliata. See MENYANTHES. Marshy (märsh'i), a. 1. Pertaking of the nature of a marsh or swamp; swampy;

fenny. Marshy grounds.' Dryden.-2. Pro duced in marshes. 'Marshy weed.' Dryden. Marsileaceae (mär'sil-e-a"sē-ē), n. pl. A nat. order of acrogenous cryptogams, consisting of two distinct groups, to the first of which belong Marsilea and Pilularia, to the second Azolla and Salvinia.

Marsipobranchii (mär-sip'ō-brang"ki-i), n. pl. [Gr. marsipos, a pouch, and branchia, gills.] The order of fishes comprising the hagfishes and sea-lampreys, with pouch-like gills. The organization of these fishes is of a very low grade, as indicated chiefly by the persistent notochord without ossified vertebral centra, the absence of any traces of limbs, the absence of a mandible and of ribs, and the structure of the gills, which are sac-like and not ciliated. The heart consists of one auricle and one ventricle, but the branchial artery is not furnished with a bulbus arteriosus.

Marsupial (mär-sü'pi-al), a. [L. marsupium, Gr. marsupion, a pouch, a bag, a purse.] Pertaining to a bag or pouch; having a pouch; belonging to the order of marsupials. Marsupial (mär-sü'pi-al), n. One of the Marsupialia.

Marsupialia (mär-sü'pi-a"li-a), n. pl. [L. marsupium, a pouch.] An extensive group of mammalia, differing from all others in their organization, and including genera which correspond to several orders of ordinary mammals. The most striking peculiarity is the absence of a placenta, and the

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consequent premature production of the foetus, which immediately on its birth passes into a sort of second matrix. The skin of the animal is so arranged round the mammæ as to form a pouch, in which not only the imperfect fœtus, attached to the nipple by its mouth, remains till fully developed, but into which, long after it is able to run about, it leaps when alarmed or when wishing to conceal itself. The marsupials link the mammals, through the Monotremata (which see), to the birds and reptiles. In marsupials the rectum opens in a distinct anus, but the two uteri with the ureters open into a urogenital canal. There are

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many genera both herbivorous and carnivorous. The kangaroo and opossum are familiar examples. The Marsupialia are divided into the following sections-Rhizophaga, including the rodent-like wombat; Poephaga, including the kangaroos, and kangaroo-rats or potoroos, all strictly phytophagous; the Carpophaga, of which the typical group is the Phalangistidæ or phalangers, so called because the second and third digits of the hind-feet are joined together almost to their extremities; the best known of the phalangers is the Australian opossum, which must not be confounded with the true or American opossums, which belong to another section of the Marsupialia, namely, the Entomophaga, in which are also the bandicoots, and the banded ant-eater; Sarcophaga, of which the best known species are Thylacinus cynocephalus, a native of Tasmania, and known by the colonists as the 'hyæna,' and the Dasyurus ursinus, also a native of Tasmania, where it is known as the 'Tasmanian devil.'

Marsupialian (mär-sü'pi-a"li-an), a. Same as Marsupial.

Marsupian (mär-sü'pi-an), a. Same as Marsupial

Mar

Marsupiata (mär-sü'pi-a"ta), n. pl. supialía (which see). Marsupiate (mär-su'pi-at), a. Same as Marsupial.

Marsupiate (mär-su'pi-ät), n. A marsupial; an individual of the Marsupialia. Marsupiocrinites (mär-su'pi-o-kri-ni"tēz),

n.

A genus of Crinoidea, proposed by Prof. Phillips for some remarkable fossils noticed by Sir Roderick Murchison in the strata of the Silurian system. The arms are formed of two rows of calcareous plates. Marsupite (mär'sü-pit), n. A fossil resembling a purse, the remains of a genus of free-floating Crinoidea found in the chalk formation.

Marsupium (mär-sü'pi-um), n. [L., a pouch
or bag.] 1. The pouch in which marsupial
mammals and the pipe-fish and sea-horses
carry their young.-2. In med. a sack or bag
with which any part is fomented. 3. A
muscle in the eye of a hawk, the office of
which is to flatten the cornea, enabling the
bird to see to a great distance.
Mart (märt), n. [Contr. from market.] 1. A
place of sale or traffic; market.

Where has commerce such a mart
As London?

2. Purchase and sale; bargain.

Cowper.

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Mart, Mairt (märt, mart), n. [Abbrev. of Martinmas, the time about which the animals are commonly killed.] A cow or ox fattened, killed, and salted for winter provision. [Scotch.]

Mart (märt), n. Form sometimes used for marque, in the phrase, letters of marque. Martagon (mär'ta-gon), n. [Fr. and Sp. martagon, It. martagone.] A kind of lily, Lilium Martagon, the bulbs of which are eaten by the Cossacks. Martelt (märtel), v.t. or i. [Fr.marteler, from martel, It. martello, L. martulus, marculus, dim. of marcus, a hammer.] To strike.

Her dreadful weapon she to him addrest, Which on his helm martelled so hard. Spenser. Martel-de-fert (mär-tel-de-fer), n. [Fr., lit. a hammer of iron.] An ancient weapon having a kind of cross-head forming at one end a pick, and at the other a hammer, axe-blade, half-moon, or other termination. When used by horse-soldiers it was generally hung at the saddle-bow, and had a shorter handle than when used by infantry soldiers. Originally the form was that of a

MARTEN

simple hammer, and some weapons of this kind were of considerable weight, as much as 25 lbs. being mentioned.

3

1

Martels-de-fer.

1, Horseman's hammer of about the time of Edward IV. 2, Martel-de-fer, time of Henry VIII. 3, Martel-de-fer, time of Edward VI. 4, Martel-de-fer with hand-gun, time of Queen Elizabeth.

Martello Tower (mär-tel'lo tou-er), n. [The name originally given to towers erected by Charles V. on the coasts of Italy to defend them against pirates; because, on the appearance of a pirate-ship, warning was given by striking a bell with a hammer, It. martello (see MARTEL); others say corrupted from Mortella in Corsica, where a tower of this kind made a strong resistance to an English naval force in 1794.] A small circular-shaped fort, with very thick walls,

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Martello Tower, Eastbourne, Sussex. chiefly built to defend the seaboard. A number of such towers were built on the British coasts, especially in the south, in the time of Napoleon I. They are in two stages, the basement story containing store-rooms and magazine, the upper serving as a casemate for the defenders; the roof is shellproof. The armament is a single heavy traversing gun.

Marten (märten), n. Same as Martin. Marten (märten), n. [Older martern, Fr. martre, from D. marter.] A digitigrade carnivorous quadruped of the genus Mustela or Martes, family Mustelidae. The beechmarten, common marten, or stone-marten (M. Foina), is found in this country and in many localities on the continent of

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MARTES

very destructive to game, poultry, eggs, &c., but it will sometimes feed on seeds and grain. Its fur, which is dense, long, and of a dull-brown colour, is used for making hats, muffs, &c. The pine-marten (Mustela Martes or Martes abietum) is an inhabitant of the woody districts in the northern parts of America, and is also found in Sweden, Norway, &c. Its fur is of a superior quality, and the skins form a great article of

commerce.

Martes (mär'tēz). See MARTEN.

Mar-text (märtekst), n. A blundering or ignorant preacher.

Martial (mär'shal), a. [L. martialis, from Mars, Martis, the god of war.] 1. Pertaining to war; suited to war; military; as, martial equipage; martial music; a martial appearance.

She is singing an air that is known to me,
A passionate ballad gallant and gay,

A martial song like a trumpet's call! Tennyson. 2. Given to war; warlike; brave; as, a martial nation or people.-3. Belonging to war, or to an army and navy: opposed to civil; as, martial law; a court martial.

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The natures of the fixed stars are astrologically differenced by the planets, and esteemed Martial or Jovial, according to the colours whereby they answer these planets. Sir T. Browne.

5. Having the properties of iron, called by the old chemists mars.-Martial law, an arbitrary kind of law, proceeding directly from the military power, and having no immediate constitutional or legislative sanction. When it is imposed upon any specified district, all the inhabitants and all their actions are brought within its dominion. It is founded on paramount necessity, extends to matters of civil as well as of criminal jurisdiction, and is proclaimed only in times of war, insurrection, rebellion, or other great emergency. Martialism (mar'shal-izm), n. The quality of being martial; bravery; martial exerPrince.

cises.

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House-martin (Hirundo urbica).

this saint, also martin-pêcheur, the kingfisher.] A general name applied to various species of birds of the genus Hirundo or swallows. The one best known is the H. urbica, or house-martin, so named from building its nest under the eaves of houses, or in the upper angles of windows. See SWALLOW.

Martinet (mär'ti-net), n. [From General Martinet, a very strict officer, who regulated the French infantry in the reign of Louis XIV.] A military or naval officer who is an excessively strict disciplinarian; one who lays stress on a rigid adherence to the details of discipline, or to forms and

fixed methods.

Quixader was austere in his manners, and a mar. tinet in enforcing discipline. Prescott. Martinet (mär'ti-net), n. [Fr.] Naut. a

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small line fastened to the leech of a sail to bring it close to the yard when the sail is furled. Prin

Martinetism (mär'tin-et-izm), n. ciples or practice characteristic of a martinet; rigid or severe discipline; rigid enforcement of discipline. Edin. Rev. Martingal, Martingale (mär'tin-gal, mär'tin-gal), n. [Fr. martingale, Sp. martingala, a martingale, old kind of breeches; from Martigal, an inhabitant of Martigues, in Provence.] 1. A strap or thong fastened to the girth under a horse's belly, and at the other end to the musrole, passing between the fore-legs, intended to hold down the head of the horse and prevent him from rearing. 2. Naut. a short perpendicular spar under the bowsprit end, used for guying down the head-stays. Called also Dolphin-striker. See cut under BoWSPRIT, and comp. extract.

This is the sense in which these terms (martingale or dolphin-striker) have been generally understood in the merchant service. In the royal navy the mar tingale seems now to receive the name of the dolphin-striker, and the (martingale) stays or guys the name of the martingale. Young's Naut. Dict. -Martingale stays or guys, ropes or small chains stretched to the jib-boom end for staying it down. Martini-Henry-rifle (mär-te'ne-hen'riri'fl), n. A rifle the breech of which is the invention of Martini, and the barrel that of Mr. Alex. Henry of Edinburgh. With this arm the firing is very rapid, twenty-five shots a minute having been fired without taking aim. The bullet is only slightly affected by the wind, and its penetration is very great. This rifle was adopted by the British military authorities.

Martinmas (mär'tin-mas), n. [Martin and mass.] The feast of St. Martin, the 11th of November, formerly often called Martle

mas.

In Scotland this day is a term-day on which rents are paid, servants hired, &c. Martire, tn. Martyrdom; torment. Chaucer. Martire,t v.t. To torment. Chaucer. Martlemas (mär'tl-mas), n. Martinmas. Martlet (mart 'let), n. [A corruption of martinet. (See MARTIN.) Comp. martlemas, from martinmas.] 1. Same as Martin. "The templehaunting martlet.' Shak. 2. In her. a fanciful bird shaped like a martin or swallow, but depicted with short tufts of feathers in the place of legs. It is the difference or distinction of a fourth son. Martnet (märt'net), n.

Martinet.

Martlet.

Naut. same as

Mart-town (märt'toun), n. Same as

Market-town. Milton.

Martyr (märter), n. [Gr. martyr, a martyr, the Eolian and later form of martys, a witness.] 1. One who by his death bears witness to the truth; one who suffers death rather than renounce his religious opinions; as, Stephen was the first Christian martyr.

To be a martyr signifies only to witness the truth of Christ; but the witnessing of the truth was then so generally attended with persecution, that martyrdom now signifies not only to witness, but to witness by death. South.

2. One who suffers death or persecution in defence of any cause; as, he died a martyr to his political principles or to the cause of liberty.

Shak.

Then if thou fall'st, O Cromwell, Thou fall'st a blessed martyr! Martyr (mär'ter), v. t. 1. To put to death for adhering to what one believes to be the truth; to sacrifice on account of faith or profession. Bp. Pearson.-2. To murder; to destroy.

Hark wretches how I mean to martyr you:
This one hand yet is left to cut your throats.
Shak.

3. To persecute as a martyr; to afflict; to torment; to torture.

The lovely Amoret, whose gentle heart
Thou martyrest with sorrow and with smart.
Spenser.

Martyrdom (märter-dom), n. The state of being a martyr; the death of a martyr; the suffering of death or persecution on account of one's adherence to what one believes to be true.

So saints, by supernatural power set free,
Are left at last in martyrdom to die. Dryden.
The

Martyrization (märter-iz-a"shon), n.
act of martyrizing or inflicting martyrdom,
or the state of being martyred; torture.
B. Jonson.
Martyrize (mär'tér-iz), v. t. To devote or

MARVEL-MONGER

offer as a martyr; to cause to suffer martyrdom. Martyrized society.' E. B. Browning. [Rare.]

To her my heart I nightly martyrise. Spenser. Martyrly (mär'tér-li), a. Relating to martyrs or martyrdom. Eikon Basilike. Martyrologe t (mär'tér-o-lōj), n. A register of martyrs.

Add that old record from an ancient martyrologe of the church of Canterbury. Bp. Hall. Martyrologic, Martyrological (mär'tér-oloj"ik, märter-o-loj"ik-al), a. Pertaining to martyrology; registering or registered in a catalogue of martyrs. Martyrological ballads .. sung by dairymaids to a pitiful tune.' Osborne.

Martyrologist (mär-ter-ol'o-jist), n. A writer of a martyrology, or an account of martyrs.

Martyrology (mär-ter-ol'o-ji), n. [Gr. martyr, a witness, a martyr, and logos, a discourse.] A history or account of martyrs with their sufferings; a register of martyrs. The martyrology of Eusebius.' Brande. Marum (ma'rum), n. A grass found on the sea-shore, Ammophila arundinacea Psamma arenaria. See AMMOPHILA.

or

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2. Wonder; admiration; astonishment. Use lessens marvel, it is said. Sir W. Scott. -Marvel of Peru, the English name of the genus Mirabilis, nat. order Nyctaginaceæ. They are handsome plants, with tuberous roots, smooth leaves, and fragrant, tubular, red, white, or yellow flowers. M. dichotoma is the four-o'clock flower of the West Indies, from its blossoms expanding about that time. Another species, M. Jalapa, was at one time supposed to yield the jalap of commerce. The large and tuberous roots, when washed and dried and reduced to powder, form a substance similar to jalap, and possessing similar purgative properties. SYN. Wonder, admiration, astonishment, miracle, prodigy.

Marvel (mär'vel), v. t. To wonder at. Marvel (mär'vel), v.i. pret. & pp. marvelled; ppr. marvelling. To be struck with surprise, astonishment, or admiration; to wonder.

The countries marvelled at thee for thy songs, proverbs, and parables. Ecclus. xlvii. 17. [Fr. merMarvellous (mär'vel-us), a. veilleux; It. maraviglioso. See MARVEL.] 1. Exciting wonder or some degree of surprise; wonderful; strange; astonishing. This is the Lord's doing; it is marvellous in our eyes. Ps. cxviii. 23. Chatterton, the marvellous boy, The sleepless soul that perished in his pride. Wordsworth.

2. Surpassing credit; not to be literally believed; partaking of the character of miracle or supernatural power; incredible. The marvellous fable includes whatever is supernatural. Pope.

The marvellous, that which exceeds natural power, or is preternatural; that which exceeds probability: sometimes used as a euphemism for boastful hyperbolical lying; as, he is somewhat given to the marvellous.

One reason obviously presents itself why what is called a coincidence should be oftener asserted falsely than an ordinary combination. It excites wonder. It gratifies the love of the marvellous. F. S. Mill. SYN. Wonderful, astonishing, surprising, strange, improbable, incredible. Marvellous (mär'vel-us), adv. Wonderfully; exceedingly.

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Shak.

In a

A mark marvellous well shot. Marvellously (mär'vel-us-li), adv. marvellous manner; wonderfully; strangely. You look not well, seignor Antonio; Believe me you are marvellously changed. Shak. The Marvellousness (marvel-us-nes), n. condition or quality of being marvellous; wonderfulness; strangeness. Marvel-monger (mär'vel-mung-ger), n. One who deals in marvels; one who writes marvellous narratives.

More than one penny-pamphlet... had been produced from the brains of several marvel-mongers in York. G. P. R. James.

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Maryolatry (ma-ri-ol'a-tri), n. Same as
Mariolatry.
Mast (mas), n.

Master. B. Jonson.

Masahib (mas'a - hib), n. In the East Indies, the councillor of a native prince. Mascagnin, Mascagnine (mas-kän'yin), n. A native sulphate of ammonia, found by Mascagni near the warm spring of Sasso in Tuscany. Called also Sassolin.

Mascle (mas'kl), n. [O.Fr. mascle; Fr. macle, from L. macula, a spot, the mesh of a net.] 1. In armour, a lozenge-shaped plate or scale.-2. In her.

Mascle.

a bearing in the form of a lozenge perforated or voided so that the field appears through the opening. Mascled (mas'kld), a. Exhibiting mascles. -Mascled armour, armour such as that worn by the Norman soldiers represented in the Bayeux Tapestry. It was composed

Mascled Armour (eleventh century).

of small lozenge-shaped metallic plates fastened on a leathern or quilted undercoat. Masculate (mas'ku-lāt), v. t. [See MASCULINE.] To make strong.

Masculine (mas'kü-lin), a. [L. masculinus, from masculus, male, from mas, a male.] 1.Of the male sex; not female.-2. Having some of the characteristic qualities of the male sex: (a) strong; robust; powerful; as, a body robust and masculine; masculine strength of limb. (b) Manly; bold; not soft or effeminate; in a good sense, masculine spirit or energy. A lady of a great and masculine mind.' Wotton.

You find something bold and masculine in the air and posture of the first figure, which is that of Virtue. Addison. 'Notwithstanding his eloquent and masculine defence, he (the Earl of Surrey) was condemned.

T. Warton.

(c) In a bad sense, coarse; bold; forward; unwomanly; as, her manners are rough and masculine.-3. Belonging or appropriated to or used by males. Erected a masculine church (women being interdicted the entrance thereof) to the memory of St. Augustine.' Fuller.-4. In gram. denoting or pertaining to the gender of words which are especially applied to male beings or things regarded grammatically as male; having inflections or forms belonging to such words; as, a masculine noun or termination. GENDER.-Masculine rhymes. Same as Male Rhymes. See MALE, a. Masculine (mas'kü-lin), n. In gram. the masculine gender; a word of this gender. Masculinely (mas'ku-lin-li), adv. In a masculine manner; like a man.

See

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wine, so called from Masdeu in the eastern Pyrenees, where it is produced.

Mase, n. A wild fancy; a maze. Chaucer. Mase,t v.i. To doubt; to be confounded. Chaucer.

Masedness, tn. Amazement; astonishment; confusion. Chaucer.

Maselin, n. [O. E. maslin, maslyn, brass; A. Sax. mæstling, a brass vessel, mæstlen, mæslen, brass.] A kind of drinking-cup, properly a brass cup. Maser (maz'ėr), n.

Chaucer.

Same as Mazer.

Mash (mash), n. [Same word as Dan. mask, a mash, corresponding to Sw. mäska, to mash, Sc. mask, to mash, also to infuse, as tea, G. meisch, maisch, mash (of malt), meischen, to mash, stir, mix; comp. also G. mischen, to mix, misch-mash, a mixture, and E. mess, a mixture.] 1. A mixture or mass of ingredients beaten or blended together in a promiscuous manner; especially, a mixture for feeding horses.-2. In brewing, a mixture of ground malt and warm water. 3. The act or process of making one such mixture.-4.t A mess or confused mixture. B. Jonson.

Mash (mash), v. t. [See the noun.] 1. To beat into a confused mass; to bruise; to crush by beating or pressure; as, to mash apples in a mill.-2. To mix malt and water together in brewing.

MASOOLA-BOAT

Mask (mask), v.t. 1. To cover the face for concealment or defence against injury; to conceal with a mask or visor.

They must all be masked and vizarded. Shak. 2. To disguise; to cover; also, to hide. Masking the business from the common eye. Shak Mask (mask), v. i. 1. To play a part in a masquerade; to go about in masquerade.

These ladies maskers toke each of them one of the Frenchmen to daunce, and to maske. Cavendish 2. To be disguised in any way.

Mask (mask), v.t. [See MASH.] To mash; to infuse; as, to mask tea; to mask malt. [Scotch.]

Mask (mask), v.i. To be in a state of infusion. [Scotch.]

Maskallonge (mas'kal-lonj), n. Same as Muskallonge.

Masked (maskt), p. and a. 1. Having the face covered; concealed; disguised.-2. In bot. same as Personate.-Masked battery, a battery so situated and so constructed as not to be perceived by the enemy till it opens fire upon them.-Masked ball, a ball at which the company wear masks, or appear in masquerade.

Maskelt (mas'kel), n. [See MASCLE.] A kind of lace made in the fifteenth century. Masker (mask'ér), n. One that wears a mask; one that plays in a mask or masquerade.

Lewis of France is sending over maskers. To revel it with him and his new bride. Shak

guise of a masker; showy array. 'War's Mask-house (mask'hous), n. feigned maskery.' Marston. [Rare.] A place for masquerades. [Rare.]

Mash + (mash), n. A mesh (which see). Mashallah (mash-al'la), interj. [Turk. and Mashing (mash'ing), n. 1. A beating into a Maskery (mask'ér-i), n. The dress or disPer.] Praised be Allah! or God. mass; a crushing.-2. In brewing, the process of infusing the ground malt in warm water, and extracting the saccharine matter called sweet-wort.-3. The quantity of malt and warm water so mixed together. Mashing-tub (mash'ing-tub), n. A tub for containing the mash in breweries. Mashlum (mash'lum), n. Maslin or meslin, that is, mixed grain; hence, a mixture of edibles. [Scotch.]

Mashlum, Mashlin (mash'lum, mash'lin), a. [See the noun.] Mixed, applied to grain; made of meal from mixed grain. [Scotch.] I'll be his debt twa mashlum bannocks, And drink his health in auld Nanse Tinnock's Nine times a-week. Burns.

n.

Mash-tub, Mash-vat (mash'tub, mash'vat), Same as Mashing-tub. Produced by crushing Mashy (mash'i), a. or bruising; of the nature of a mash. Mask (mask), n. [Fr. masque, from Sp. and Pg. mascara, a mask, from Ar. maskharat, a buffoon, jeer, laugh, from sakhira, to ridicule.] 1. A cover for the face, often intended to conceal identity; a cover with apertures for the eyes and mouth; a visor.

Now Love pulled off his mask and shewed his face unto her. Sir P. Sidney.

2. That which disguises; any pretence or subterfuge.

Why dost thou strive the conscious shame to hide
By masks of eloquence, and veils of pride? Prior.
Come then, pure hands, and bear the head
That sleeps or wears the mask of sleep.
Tennyson.

3. A festive entertainment of dancing or other diversions, in which the company all wear masks; a masquerade.

After whom marched a jolly company
In manner of a mask.
Spenser.

4. A revel; a piece of mummery.
This thought might lead me through the world's vain
mask.
Milton.

5. A sort of theatrical drama, or rather histrionic spectacle, much patronized during the sixteenth or seventeenth centuries, being in fact the favourite form of the private theatricals of the period. It probably originated in the practice of introducing on solemn or festive occasions men wearing masks and representing mythical or allegorical charac

ters. From a mere acted pageant, it gradually developed into a regular dramatic entertainment, and in the hands of writers like Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, Milton, &c., reached a rare degree of literary beauty. Often written Masque. 6. In arch. a piece of sculpture representing some grotesque form, to fill and adorn vacant places, as in friezes, panels of doors, keys of arches, &c.

Architectural Mask.

If it were but some mask-house, wherein a glorious show were to be presented. Bp. Hall. Maskint (mas'kin), n. [A dim. of mass.] The mass or service of the eucharist.

By the maskin, methought they were so indeed. Maskinonge (mas' kin-onj), n. Chapman. Same as Muskallonge.

Maskin-pat (mask'in-pat), n. [From mask, to infuse.] A tea-pot. Burns. [Scotch.] Maslach (mas'lak), n. A stimulant prepared from opium, much used in Turkey. De Quincey. Maslin (maz'lin), n. and a. Mason (ma'sn), n. [Fr. maçon; L.L. macio, See MESLIN. machio, machionis, from a root mac, seen in L. maceria, an inclosure, a wall.] 1. A builder in stone or brick; one who constructs the walls of buildings, &c. The singing masons building roofs of gold.' Shak.-2. A member of the fraternity of freemasors. - Mason lodge, a place where the members of the fraternity of freemasons hold their meetings. See LODGE.

Mason (ma'sn), v. t. To construct of masonry; to build of stone. Mason-bee (ma'sn-be), n. A name given to hymenopterous insects of the genera Osmia and Chalcidoma, which construct their nests with sand or gravel, agglutinated together by means of a viscid saliva, and fix them on the side of walls, &c., or avail themselves of some cavity for that purpose. Masoned (ma'snd), a. In her. applied to a field or charge which is divided with lines in the nature of a wall or building of stones.

Masonic (ma-son'ik), a. Pertaining to the craft or mysteries of freemasons. Masonry (ma'sn-ri), n. [Fr. maçonnerie; Sp. mazoneria. See MASON.] 1. The art or occupation of a mason; the art of shaping, arranging, and uniting stones or bricks to form walls and other parts of buildings; the skill shown by a mason. The various kinds of masonry employed in modern times may be divided into three principal classes: rubble work, in which the stones are not squared, but are used much as they came from the quarry; coursed work, in which the stones are more or less squared and set in courses; and ashlar, in which each stone is squared and dressed to given dimensions. 2. The work produced by a mason; masonwork; as, the wall is good masonry. Creaking my shoes on the plain masonry. Shak. 3. The craft or mysteries of freemasons; the principles and practices of freemasons. Mason-wasp (ma'sn-wosp), n. A name given to hymenopterous insects of the genus Odynerus, from their ingenuity in excavating their habitation in the sand.! Masoola-boat, Masulah-boat (ma-solabōt), n. A large East Indian boat used on

[graphic]

MASORA

the Coromandel coast for conveying passengers and goods between ships and the shore. They stand high out of the water, thus presenting a great surface to the wind-are difficult to manage, and sail slow; but they

Masoola-boat of the Coromandel coast.

are well adapted for the purpose for which they are used, and sustain on the bars and shores shocks that would break up any European boat, the planks of which they are built being fastened together by cocoanut fibres. They are rowed sometimes with as many as sixteen oars. As the boat approaches the shore, the boatmen watch the opportunity of a coming wave to pull the vessel high on the beach, where it is soon run up out of the reach of the next rolling wave. Called also Chelingue. Masora (ma-so'ra), n. [Heb. massorah, tradition, from masar, to hand down.] A Hebrew work on the Hebrew Scriptures, by several rabbins. It supplies the vowel points, besides a collection of critical, grammatical, and exegetical remarks. These comments, at first only handed down by tradition, or written on the margins of the different texts, do not seem to have been committed to writing in a collected form before the sixth century, and not to have been completed till the eighth or ninth century. The Masora is divided into the great and little: the former contains the whole collection in separate books; the latter is an abridgment or synopsis of the first. Written also Masorah, Massora, and Massorah.

Masoretic, Masoretical (ma-sō-ret'ik, maso-ret'ik-al), a. Relating or belonging to the Masora, or the compilers of the Masora; as, masoretic points, that is, the vowel points furnished by the Masora.

Masorite (mas'ō-rit), n. One of the writers of the Masora; one who adheres to the traditionary readings of the Hebrew Scriptures.

Masque (mask), n. See MASK.

Masquerade (mas'kér-ad), n. [Fr. masquerade. See MASK.] 1. An assembly of persons wearing masks, and amusing themselves with various diversions, as dancing, walking in procession, &c. In courtly balls and midnight masquerades.' Pope.-2. Disguise.

I was upon the frolic this evening, and came to visit thee in masquerade. Dryden.

And, after all, what is a lie? 'Tis but
The truth in masquerade.
Byron.

3. A Spanish diversion on horseback.
The masquerade is an exercise they learned from
the Moors; performed by squadrons of horse, seem-
ing to charge each other with great fierceness, with
bucklers in their left hands, and a kind of cane in
their right.
Clarendon,
Masquerade (mas-kér-ad), v.i. pret. & pp.
masqueraded; ppr. masquerading. 1. To
wear a mask; to take part in a masquerade.
2. To go in disguise. Masquerading up and
down in a lion's skin.' Sir R. L'Estrange.
Masquerade (mas-kér-ad'), v.t. To put in
disguise. His next shift therefore is...
to masquerade vice.' Killingbeck.
Masquerader (mas-kér-ad'ér), n.
A person
wearing a mask; a person taking part in a
masquerade; one disguised.

The dreadful masquerader thus equipt,
Out sallied on adventures!

Young. Mass (mas), n. [Fr. masse, L. massa, a lump, from Gr. maza, a barley cake, from masso, to squeeze with the hands.] 1. A body of matter concreted, collected, or formed into a lump; a lump: applied to any

129

solid body; as, a mass of iron or lead; a mass of flesh; a mass of ice; a mass of dough. 2. A collective body of fluid matter; as, the ocean is a mass of water.-3. A heap; a great quantity collected; an assemblage; as, a mass of treasure; a mass of foliage; a mass of light or shade.

He discovered to me the richest mines which the Spaniards have, and from whence all the mass of gold that comes into Spain is drawn. Sir W. Raleigh.

They lose their forms, and make a mass Confus'd and black, if brought too near. Prior. 4. Bulk; magnitude. This army of such mass and charge.' Shak.-5. Gross body of things considered collectively; the body; sometimes, the main body; the bulk; as, the great mass of the people.

Comets have power over the gross and mass of things. Bacon. 6. In physics, the quantity of matter in any body, or the sum of all the material particles of a body. The mass of a body is estimated by its weight, whatever be its figure, or whether its bulk or magnitude be great or small. In mech. the mass multiplied into the intensity of gravity at the place constitutes the weight of the body; so that the weight being denoted by w, the mass by M, and the measure of gravity by g, then W=g.M, and therefore M= This quantity 9 g, which is independent of the particular nature of the body, is thus the weight of what is arbitrarily assumed to represent the unit of mass. Also, if w represent the weight of the unit of volume, and v the volume of the body, then is W=w. V and M

=

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W

.V.-The masses, the great body of the

people, more especially of the workingclass and lower orders; the populace. Mass (mas), v.t. 1. To strengthen, as a building for the purposes of fortification. Hayward.-2. To form into a mass; to collect into masses; to assemble in crowds.

But mass them together and they are terrible indeed. Coleridge. Mass (mas), n. [A. Sax. masse, Fr. messe, Dan. and G. messe, L.L. missa, mass. The origin of the word is generally referred to the proclamation-'Ite; missa est.' 'Go; the assembly is dismissed' (L. missus, pp. of mitto, to send)-made in the ancient churches when the catechumens were dismissed after hearing as much of the service as they were allowed to hear, whereupon followed the communion service. ] 1. A church service which forms an essential part of both the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches, and in which the consecration of the sacramental bread and wine takes place. In the R. Cath. Ch. the mass consists of four parts:-(a) The introitus or preparation, consisting of several prayers, psalms, the Gloria in Excelsis, the epistle and gospel for the day, the

creed, &c.

MAST

Massacre (mas'sa-kér), v.t. pret. & pp. massacred; ppr. massacring. To kill with indiscriminate violence, and contrary to the usages of nations; to butcher; to slaughter: usually of killing human beings. Massacrer (mas'sa-krêr), n. One who massacres. Regicides, assassins, massacrers. Burke.

Massalia. See MASSILIA.
Mass-book (mas'buk), n. The missal or
Roman Catholic service-book. Milton.
Mass-day (mas'da), n. A day on which high-
mass is celebrated.

Masser (mas'èr), n. A priest who celebrates

[graphic]

mass.

A good masser and so forth; but no true gospel preacher. Bale. Masseter (mas'se-têr), n. [Gr., from massaomai, to chew.] One of a pair of muscles which raises the under jaw.

Masseteric, Masseterine (mas-se-ter'ik, mas'se-tér-in), a. Belonging to the masseter: applied to a branch of the inferior maxillary nerve. Mass-house (mas'hous), n. A name sometimes given in contempt or derision to a Roman Catholic place of worship. Hume. Massicot, Masticot (mas'si-kot, mas'ti-kot), n. [Fr. massicot.] Protoxide of lead or yellow oxide of lead, composed of one equivalent of lead and one equivalent of oxygen. Lead exposed to the air while melting is covered with a gray dusky pellicle. This pellicle carefully taken off is reduced by exposure to the joint action of heat and air to a greenish-gray powder, inclining to yellow. This oxide, separated from the grains of lead by sifting, and exposed to a more intense heat, sufficient to make it red-hot, assumes a deep yellow colour. In this state it is called massicot. Massicot, slowly heated by a moderate fire, takes a beautiful red colour, becomes a salt composed of two equivalents protoxide of lead and one equivalent deutoxide, and obtains the name of minium. Massicot is sometimes used by painters, and it is used as a drier in the composition of ointments and plasters.

Massilia, Massalia (mas-sil'i-a, mas-sā'li-a), n. [From Massalia or Massilia, the ancient name of Marseilles.] A small planet or asteroid, revolving between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, discovered September 20, 1852, by M. De Gasparis.

Massiness (mas'i-nes), n. The state of being massy; great weight, or weight with bulk; ponderousness.

Massive (mas'iv), a. [From mass; Fr. massif.] 1. Forming or consisting of a large mass; having great size and weight; heavy; weighty; ponderous. 'Massive weapon." Horsley.-2. In mineral. having a crystalline structure, but not a regular form as a whole; as, a mineral occurs massive. Bulky, Massive, Massy. See under BULKY. Massively (mas'iv-li), adv. In a mass; ponMassiveness (mas'iv-nes), n. The state or quality of being massive; great weight with bulk; massiness; ponderousness. Mass-meeting (mas'met-ing), n. A large or general meeting called for some specific purpose.

derously. (b) The consecration of the bread and wine. (c) The communion. (d) The post-communion, which consists of a few more prayers, and of the blessing which the priest gives, turning towards the congregation.-2. The elaborate musical setting of certain portions of the mass, namely, the Kyrie, the Gloria, the Credo, the Sanctus, and the Agnus Dei; to which are sometimes added an Offertory and Benedictus.-High

mass, a mass performed on festivals and

other solemn occasions, by a priest or prelate, attended by a deacon and sub-deacon. On such occasions the mass, or parts of it, are sung by a choir, accompanied by the organ and other musical instruments.Low-mass, the ordinary mass performed by the priest, assisted by one altar-servant only. Masst (mas), v. i. To celebrate mass. Hooker.

Massacre (mas'sa-kér), n. [Fr.; L. L. mazacrium, probably from such a German word as L.G. matsken, matschkern, to cut in pieces, or G. metzger, a butcher, metzgen, metzgern, to butcher, metzeln, to cut to pieces; allied to 0. G. meizan, gameizan, to cut down; Goth. maitan, to cut or strike.] 1. The slaughter of numbers of human beings; the indiscriminate killing of human beings, especially without authority or necessity, and without forms civil or military.-2. Murder. [Rare.]

The tyrannous and bloody act is done, The most arch deed of piteous massacre, That ever yet this land was guilty of. -Massacre of the innocents. INNOCENT, n.

ch, chain; ch, Sc. loch; g, go; j, job; h, Fr. ton; ng, sing;

Shak. See under

TH, then; th, thin;

Massoola-boat (mas-sö'la-bōt), n. Same as Masoola-boat.

Massora, Massorah (mas-so'ra), n. Same

as Masora.

Massoy-bark (mas'soi-bärk), n. Missoy-bark.

Same as

Mass-priest (mas'prest), n. 1. Formerly a secular priest as distinguished from the regulars; afterwards, a priest retained in the chantries, or at particular altars, to say masses for the dead.-2. A name sometimes given in contempt or derision to a Roman Catholic priest.

Mass-song (mas'song), n. A sacred song sung at the celebration of high-mass. Massuelle (mas-su-el), n. [From Fr. massue, a club.] A heavy mace or club used by soldiers during the time of the Crusades. Also written Masuel.

Massy (mas'i), a. Compacted into or consisting of a mass; possessing great mass or bulk; indicating weight; massive; as, a massy shield; a massy rock.

Yawning rocks in massy fragments fly. Pope. -Bulky, Massive, Massy. See under BULKY. Mast (mast), n. [A. Sax. mæst; D. G. Sw. and Dan. mast; hence, Fr. mat.] A long, round piece of timber or a hollow pillar of iron or steel, elevated or designed to be raised perpendicularly, or nearly so, on the

w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure.-See KEY.

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