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NOTE

1. A mark or token by which a thing may be known; a visible sign; a symbol. Some natural notes about her body.' Shak. Whosoever appertain to the visible body of the church they have also the notes of external profession. Hooker. 2. A mark on the margin of a book drawing attention to something in the text; a statement subsidiary to the text of a book elucidating or adding something; an explanatory or critical comment; an annotation. Notes are classed by printers into shoulder notes, or those placed at the top of the page in the outer margin; side notes or marginal notes, and bottom notes or foot-notes, at the bottom of the page.-3. A minute, memorandum, or short writing intended to assist the memory or for after use or reference; as, I must make a note of that statement: often in pl.; as, to take notes of a sermon or speech; to speak from notes. - 4. pl. The verbatim report of a speech or discourse taken by a newspaper reporter or shorthand writer.5. A list of items; a catalogue; a reckoning; bill; account. The smith's note for shoeing and plough-irons.' Shak.-6. A written or printed paper acknowledging a debt and promising payment; as, a promissory note; a bank-note; a note of hand, that is, a signed promise to pay a sum of money; a negotiable note.-7. A diplomatic or official communication in writing; an official paper sent from one minister or authority to another; an official intimation or memorandum.-8. A short letter; a billet.

She sent a note, the seal an 'Elle vous suit,' The close, 'Your Letty, only yours.' Tennyson. 9. A small size of paper used for writing letters or notes on.-10. Notice; heed; observation.

Give order to my servants that they take No note at all of our being absent hence. Shak. The bell strikes one. We take no note of time Young. But from its loss. 11. Reputation; consequence; distinction. 'A bookseller of great note.' Macaulay. Divers men of note have been brought into England. Abp. Abbot. 12. State of being observed. 'Small matters continually in use and note.' Bacon. 13. Reproach; shame; stigma.

The more to aggravate the note, With a foul traitor's name stuff I thy throat. Shak. 14. Account; intelligence; notice; information.

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15. In music, (a) a_character which, by its place on the staff, represents a sound, and by its form determines the relative time or continuance of such sound. There are six notes in ordinary use, viz., the semi

breve,; minim,; crotchet, J; quaver,

semiquaver, ; and demisemiquaver,

To these may be added the breve,, yet met with in sacred music, and the half demisemiquaver, much used by the mo

derns. If the value or length in time of the semibreve be considered as unity, the minim is, the crotchet 1, the quaver 1, the semiquaver, and the demisemiquaver. Hence, one semibreve is equal to two minims, or four crotchets, or eight quavers, or sixteen semiquavers, or thirty-two demisemiquavers.-Dotted note. See DOTTED. (b) A musical sound; as, a high, low, loud, or soft note; or the note A; a flat note, &c. -Leading note. See LEADING.-16. Tune; voice; harmonious or melodious sound.

Milton,

The wakeful bird tunes her nocturnal note. Note (not), v.t. pret. & pp. noted; ppr. noting. [L noto.] 1. To mark; to distinguish with a mark.

Can we once imagine that Christ's body... was ever afflicted with malady, or enfeebled with infirm. ity, or noted with deformity. Walsall.

2. To observe carefully; to notice with par'Their ticular care; to heed; to attend to. manners noted and their state survey'd.' Pope.

No more of that; I have noted it well. Shak. 3. To set down in writing; to make a memorandum of. 'Note it in a book.' Is. xxx. 8. Every unguarded word uttered by him was noted down. Macaulay. 4. To set down in musical characters.5. To furnish with notes; to annotate. Hepworth Dixon.-6. To designate; to denote. The termination -ling notes commonly diminution. Johnson.

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[Now rare. ]-7. To put a mark on; to brand; to stigmatize; to charge, as with a crime. 'Condemned and noted Lucius Pella.' Shak.

'Noted of incontinency.' Dryden. -To note a bill of exchange, to get a notarypublic to record upon the back of it the fact of its being dishonoured, along with the date, and the reason, if assigned, of nonpayment, the record being initialled by the notary.SYN. To observe, mark, remark, regard, heed, record, register. Note, n. [A. Sax. note, notu, use, business, employment.] Need; business.

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Note, v.t. [A. Sax. hnitan, pret. hnút.] To butt; to push with the horns. Ray. Note, n. A nut. Chaucer. Note-book (nōt'buk), n. A book in which notes or memoranda are written. Noted (noted), a. Being of note; remarkable; much known by reputation or report; eminent; celebrated; as, a noted author; a noted commander; a noted traveller. 'A noted story in Don Quixote.' Hume.

A noted chymist procured a privilege, that none but he should vend a spirit. Boyle. SYN. Remarkable, notable, well-known, eminent, illustrious, renowned, celebrated, distinguished, conspicuous, famous, notori

ous.

Notedlyt (nōt'ed-li), adv. With observation or notice; exactly; accurately.

Do you remember what you said of the duke? Most notedly, sir. Shak. Notedness (nōt'ed-nes), n. The state or quality of being noted; conspicuousness; eminence; celebrity.

But suppose at length, that the profane aspirer should be so lucky, or so successful (for happy I can. not think it), as to attain the so criminally courted notedness. Boyle. Tuneful. Notefult (not'ful), a. Chaucer. Notelæa (no-te-le'a), n. [Gr. notos, the south, and elaia, the olive.] A genus of Australian and Tasmanian shrubs and small trees belonging to the nat. order Oleaceæ. N. ligustrina is the Tasmanian ironwood-tree, generally only a bush 6 or 7 feet high, but sometimes growing to the height of upwards of 30 feet. Its wood is used for sheaves for ships' blocks as well as for turnery and inlaid work.

Noteless (nōt'les),a. Not attracting notice; not conspicuous. Sir W. Scott.

Notelessness (nōt 'les-nes), n. A state of being noteless.

Notelet (not let), n. A short note; a billet.

Lamb.

Notemuge,t n. Nutmeg. Chaucer. Note-paper (nōt'pā-pěr), n. Paper of a small size for writing notes or letters on. Noter (nōt'èr), n. 1. One who takes notice. 2. An annotator. Worcester. Noteworthy (nôt'wêr-THI), a. Worthy of note; worthy of observation or notice. 'Some rare noteworthy object in thy travel.' Shak.

Not-hed, n. A head having the hair cut close. Chaucer. See NOTT, NOTT-HEADED. Nother,t conj. [See OR, NOR.] Nor; neither. Chaucer.

Nothing (nu'thing), n. 1. Not anything: opposed to anything and something.

There's nothing ill can dwell in such a temple.
Shak.

Shak.

2. Non-existence; nihility; nothingness. (The poet) gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. A life of nothings, nothing worth, From that first nothing ere his birth, To that last nothing under earth!

Tennyson.

3. A state of insignificance, or comparative worthlessness or unimportance. A man that from very nothing is grown to an unspeakable estate.' Shak.-4. In a concrete sense, a trifle; a thing of no consideration or importance.

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2. Insignificance; worthlessness. Teach me the nothingness of things. Tennyson. 3. A thing of no value. 'A nothingness indeed and name.' Hudibras. [Rare.] Nothing-worth (nuth'ing-werth), n. Worth nothing; worthless. 'Faint Homeric echoes nothing-worth.' Tennyson.

Notice (no'tis), n. [Fr. notice, Sp. and Pg. noticia, It. notizia, from L. notitia, notice, from nosco, notum, to know. See NOTE, KNOW.] 1. The act of noting, observing, or remarking by the eye or other senses, or by the mind or intellect; heed; regard; cognizance; note.

The state takes notice of the private difference
Betwixt you and the cardinal.

Shak.

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7. Written remarks or comments; a short critical review; as, an obituary notice of a person; the notice in the Athenæum was favourable. SYN. Attention, observation, cognizance, regard, remark, note, heed, consideration, respect, intelligence, instruction, direction, order, warning, intimation. Notice (nō'tis), v. t. pret. & pp. noticed; ppr. noticing. 1. To take cognizance or notice of; to perceive; to become aware of; to observe; to see; as, to pass a thing without noticing it.

She was quite sure baby noticed colours; ... she was absolutely certain baby noticed flowers. Dickens. 2. To show that one has observed; to remark upon; to mention or make observations on. This plant deserves to be noticed in this place. Horne Tooke. Another circumstance was noticed in connection with the suggestion last discussed. Sir W. Hamilton. 3. To treat with attention and civilities; as, to notice strangers.-4. To give notice to; to serve a notice or intimation upon.

(Mr. Duckworth), when noticed to give them up at the period of young Mason's coming of age, expressed Trollope. himself terribly aggrieved.

SYN. To perceive, see, mark, note, mind, regard, heed, mention, remark. Noticeable (no'tis-a-bl), a. Capable of being noticed or observed; worthy of observation; observable; likely to attract attention. noticeable man with large gray eyes.' Words

worth. 'A life of nothings.' Tennyson. 'Whispered to him little nothings.' Trollope.

The charge of making the ground, and otherwise, Bacon. is great, but nothing to the profit.

5. In arith. a cipher-To make nothing of, (a) to make no difficulty, or to consider as trifling, light, or unimportant.

We are industrious to preserve our bodies from slavery, but we make nothing of suffering our souls to be slaves to our lusts. Ray.

(b) Not to understand; not to invest with meaning; as, I could make nothing of what he said.

Nothing (nu'thing), adv. In no degree; not at all. Adam, with such counsel nothing sway'd.' Milton.

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Noticeably (nõ'tis-a-bli), adv. In a noticeable manner; so as to be noticed or observed; as, she is noticeably better to-day. Notice-board (nō'tis-bōrd), n. A board on which a notice to the public is displayed.

They will be punished with the utmost rigour of the laws, as notice-boards observe. Dickens. Noticer (no'tis-ér), n. One who notices. Pope.

Notidanus (nō-tid'a-nus), n. pl. [Gr. nōtos, the back, and idanos, beautiful.] A genus of the sharks (Squalida), closely akin to the Lamnidæ, of which two species are found in the Mediterranean. Notification (nō'ti-fi-kā”shon), n. 1. The act of notifying or giving notice; the act

NOTIFY

of making known; especially, the act of giving official notice or information by writing, or by other means; as, the notification must take place in three days. 2. Notice given in words or writing, or by signs; intimation.

Four or five torches elevated or depressed out of their order, either in breadth or longways, may, by agreement, give great variety of notifications.

Holder.

3. The writing which communicates information; an advertisement, citation, &c. Notify (no'ti-fi), v. t. pret. & pp. notified; ppr. notifying. [Fr. notifier, from L. notificare, from notus, known, and facio, to make.] 1. To make known; to declare; to publish. 'Other kinds of laws, which notify the will of God.' Hooker.-2. To give notice to; to inform by words or writing, in person or by message, or by any signs which are understood; as, the public are hereby notified.3. To distinguish; to characterize. Worcester. [Rare.]

Notion (no'shon), n. [Fr., from L. notio, from notus, known; nosco, to know.] 1. A conception; mental apprehension of whatever may be known or imagined; idea.

What hath been generally agreed on, I content myself to assume under the notion of principles. Newton.

There are three fundamental notions existing in the human mind as the primary elements of thought: 1st, that of finite self; 2d, that of finite nature; 3d, that of the absolute, the unconditioned, the infinite. The whole multiplicity of our conceptions are referrible to some one of these three, as the irreducible notion or category from which it springs.

F. D. Morell.

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4. Inclination; intention; as, I have a notion to do this or that. [Vulgar.]-5. A fancy article; a smallware: used chiefly in the plural and with considerable latitude. [Now only American.]

And other worlds send odours, sauce, and song, And robes, and notions framed in foreign looms. Young. Notional (no'shon-al), a. 1. Pertaining to a notion or conception; as, notional terms or words. 2. Imaginary; ideal; existing in idea only; visionary; fantastical. Notional good, by fancy only made.' Prior. notional and imaginary thing.' Bentley.3. Dealing in imaginary things; whimsical; fanciful; as, a notional man.

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The most forward notional dictators sit down in a contented ignorance. Glanville.

-Notional words, those words which express notions or objects of the understanding, as verbs and nouns, in distinction from relational words or words expressing relation, as prepositions.

Notionality (nō-shon-al'i-ti), n. The state of being notional or fanciful; empty ungrounded opinion.

I aimed at the advance of science by discrediting empty and talkative notionality. Glanville. Notionally (no'shon-al-li), adv. In a notional manner; in mental apprehension; in conception; not in reality.

Norris.

Two faculties notionally or really distinct. Notionate (no'shon-āt), a. Notional; fanciful. Monthly Rev. [Rare.] Notionist (no'shon-ist), n. One who holds ungrounded opinions. "The practice of some flush notionists.' Bp. Hopkins. Notist + (nōt'ist), n. An annotator. Goodrich.

Notobranchiata (nō-to-brang'ki-a"ta), n. pl. [Gr. notos, the back, and branchia, gills.] 1. A division of the Annelida which carry their gills on the back.-2. A division of the gasteropods, including part of the nudibranchs.

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are developed in its surrounding sheath. It is often spoken of as the chorda dorsalis.

Notochordal (nō'tō-kor-dal), a. Possessing a notochord. Owen.

Notodontidae (nō-to-don'ti-dē), n. pl. [Gr. notos, the back, and odous, odontos, a tooth.] The tooth-backs, a family of moths belonging to Lepidoptera. Notommatina (nō-tom'a-ti"na), n. pl. [Gr. notos, the back, and omma, ommatos, the eye.] The typical group of the Rotifera, the Hydatinida of Ehrenberg. In this group the animals are all permanently free, and are never combined into colonies, while the integument is flexible, and the body is never encased in a tube.

Notonecta (nō-tō-nek'ta), n. [Gr. nōtos, the back, and něchō, to swim.] A genus of aquatic hemipterous insects, which swim on their backs. See BOAT-FLY.

Notonectidæ (nō-to-nek'ti-dē), n. pl. A family of the Hydrocoris or water-bugs, containing the genus Notonecta, which swim on their backs, and from their peculiar aspect are called boat-flies. Notopodium (nō-tō-põ’di-um), n. [Gr. nōtos, the back, and pous, podos, a foot.] The dorsal division of one of the foot tubercles or parapodia of an annelid. Often called the Dorsal Oar.

Notorhizal (nō'tō-ri-zal), a. [Gr. notos, the back, and rhiza, a root.] In bot. applied to a plant having the radicle in the embryonic plant at the back of the cotyledons. Notorhizeæ (nō-tō-riz′ē-ē), n. pl. [Gr. nōtos, the back, and rhiza, a root.] Plants having the radicles on the back of the cotyledons, as in some Cruciferæ.

Notoriety (nō-to-ri'e-ti), n. [Fr. notoriété. See NOTORIOUS.] The state or quality of being notorious; exposure to the public knowledge; the state of being publicly or generally known, especially to disadvantage; as, the notoriety of a crime.

They were not subjects in their own nature so exposed to public notoriety. Addison. -Proof by notoriety, in Scots law, the fact of the judge being aware that the point to be proved is commonly known or acknowledged to be true, whether it be known to a whole country or to a whole vicinity. Notorious (no-tō'ri-us), a. [L.L. notorius, from notare, to mark, indicate; It. Sp. and Pg. notorio, Fr. notoire. See NOTE.] 1. Publicly or generally known and spoken of; manifest to the world.

Your goodness,

Shak.

Since you provoke me, shall be most notorious. Now usually, known to disadvantage; as, a notorious thief; a notorious crime or vice; a man notorious for lewdness or gaming.2. Deserving notoriety; egregious; notable. 'Some base notorious knave." Shak. 'And yet I know him a notorious liar.' Shak. Notoriously (nō-tō'ri-us-li), adv. In a notorious manner: (a) publicly; openly; to the knowledge of all; as, a man notoriously the first scholar of his day. (b) Enormously; egregiously. 'Never man so notoriously abused.' Shak.; Dryden. Notoriousness (no-to'ri-us-nes), n. The state of being notorious: (a) the state of being open or known; notoriety. (b) Egregiousness.

Notornis (no-tor'nis), n. [Gr. notos, the south wind, the south, and ornis, a bird.] A genus of grallatorial or wading birds, found inhabiting the South Island of New Zealand. It was first known to science by the discovery of fossil remains; and to these fossils the name of Notornis was given by Prof. Owen. Subsequently, however, the genus was found to be still represented by living forms (N. Mantelli). The Notornis is most nearly allied to the coots. It is, however, of larger size than these birds, and differs from them in the rudimentary nature of the wings, a conformation in which it agrees with many other extinct as well as living birds found in New Zealand. Nototheniidæ (no'tō-the-ni"i-dē),n. pl. [Gr. notothen, from the south, from notos, south.] The name of a group of fishes allied to the Gobioidæ or gobies, inhabiting the Southern Seas.

Nototherium (nō-to-thē'ri-um), n. [Gr.notos, the south, and therion, a wild beast.] A gigantic fossil genus of herbivorous kangaroo-like marsupials which existed during the pliocene period in Australia. Notour, Nottour (no-tör'), a. [Fr. notoire.

Notochord (nō'tō-kord), n. [Gr. nōtos, the back, and chorde, a string. ] In animal physiol. a fibro-cellular rod which is developed in the embryo of vertebrates immediately beneath the spinal chord. It is persistent in the lower vertebrates, but in the higher is replaced in the adult by the vertebræ, which

See NOTORIOUS.] Well-known; no

NOUMENON

torious; as, notour adultery; a notour bankrupt, that is, one legally declared so. [Scotch.] Not-self (not'self), n. Non-ego (which see).

Every conception of self necessarily involves a con. ception of not-self. Sir W. Hamilton.

Nott+ (not), a. [A. Sax. hnot, shorn.] Shorn; smooth.

Nottt (not), v.t. To shear.

Sweet Lirope, I have a lamb,
Newly weaned from the dam,
Of the right kind, it is notted.

Drayton.

Nott-headed, Nott-pated† (not'hed-ed, not'på-ted), a. [See NOTT.] Having the hair cut close. Shak. Notturno (no-tér'no), n. [L. nocturnus, pertaining to night, from nox, night.] In music, originally a synonym of serenade; now applied to a piece of music in which the emotions, particularly those of love and tenderness, are developed. The notturno has become a favourite style of composition with modern pianoforte composers. Not-wheat (not'whet), n. [Nott or not, smooth, shorn.] Smooth, unbearded wheat. Rich. Carew.

Notwithstanding (not-with-stand'ing), a participial compound passing into a prep. and a conj. [Not, with, in the old sense of against, and standing.] In spite of; without hinderance or obstruction from; despite; nevertheless; however. This word is by Dr. Johnson and others considered a participle absolute, and its several meanings admit of explanation in this view. Johnson says, 'This word, though in conformity to other writers called here a conjunction, is properly a participial adjective, as it is compounded of not and withstanding, and answers to the Latin non obstante; it is most properly and analogically used in the ablative case absolute with a noun; as, he is rich, notwithstanding his loss.' In the above example, however, notwithstanding may be more properly regarded as a preposition, governing loss in the objective case, than construed as a participle in the absolute case with loss. It may be regarded as a conjunction in such quotations as the following:And Moses said, Let no man leave of it (manna) till the morning. Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto Moses. Ex. xvi. 19, 20.

He hath a tear for pity, and a hand Open as day for melting charity; Yet notwithstanding, being incensed, he's flint. Shak. Yet the word in such cases still retains the nature and force of a preposition, and we may supply after notwithstanding in the first extract this injunction, and in the second this fact. This word is often placed after the noun, standing at the end of the sentence or clause. His burthenous taxations notwithstanding.' Shak. Notwithstanding, In spite of. These terms are often interchanged, but the first is considered as being the weaker of the two. Notwithstanding points simply to some obstacle that may exist; as, notwithstanding his youth he made great progress. In spite of has reference primarily to active opposition; as, he was overcome in spite of his violent efforts.

Nouch,t n. [O. Fr. nouche, nosche, a buckle, a bracelet, O.H.G. nusca, a brooch, a bracelet.] A jewel; an ornament of gold in which precious stones were set. Chaucer. Nouf (nöf), n. See NEPH. Nougat (no-gä), n. [Fr., from L. nux, nucis, a nut.] A cake made in France of nuts, burnt almonds, and honey or treacle. Simmonds.

Nought (nat), n. [A. Sax. nawiht, nouht, noht, i.e. no whit. See NAUGHT.] Not anything; nothing.

Thou sellest thy people for nought. Ps. xliv. 12. -To set at nought, to slight, disregard, or despise.

Ye have set at nought all my counsel. Prov. i. 25. Nould, pret. of nill (which see). Would not. 'For grief whereof the lad nould after joy." Spenser.

Noule, n. [See NOLL.] The noddle; the head. Spenser.

Noumenal (nou'men-al),a. [See NOUMENON.] Of or pertaining to the noumenon; real, as opposed to phenomenal.

He holds, that the phenomenal world must be distinguished from the soumenal, or world of things in themselves. Sir W. Hamilton.

Noumenon (nouʼmen-on), n. pl. Noumena (nou'men-a). [Gr., the thing perceived, ppr. pass. neut. of noeo, to perceive, from nous, the mind.] In Kant's philos. an object conceived by the understanding or thought of

NOUN

by the reason, as opposed to a phenomenon, or an object such as we represent it to ourselves by the impression which it makes on our senses. The noumenon is an object in itself, not relatively to us.

Things sensible considered as in themselves and not as they appear to us, Kant calls negative noumena; and reserves the designation positive noumena to intelligibles properly so called, which are the objects of an intuition purely intellectual.

Fleming.

Philosophers had assumed the existence of substance, ie. of a noumenon, lying underneath all phenomena a substratum supporting all qualities-a something in which all accidents inhere. G. H. Lewes.

Noun (noun), n. [O. Fr. noun, noune, non, nom, Mod. Fr. nom, from L. nomen, name.] In gram. a name; a word that denotes any object of which we speak, whether that object be animate or inanimate, material or immaterial. Nouns are called proper or meaningless when they are the names of individual persons or things, as George, Berlin, Orion; common, when they are the name of a class of things, as book, page, ball, idea, emotion; collective, when they are the names of aggregates, as fleet, army, flock, covey, herd; material, when they are the names of materials or substances, as gold, snow, water; abstract, when they are the names of qualities, as beauty, virtue, grace, energy. Some of the older grammarians included both the noun and the adjective under the term noun, distinguishing the former as noun-substantive and the latter as noun-adjective.

Nounal (noun'al), a. Pertaining to a noun; having the character of a noun.

The numerals have been inserted in this place as a sort of appendix to the nounal group, because of their manifest affinity to that group. F. Earle. Nourice + (no'ris), n. [Fr. nourrice. See NURSE.] A nurse. "The nest of strife, and nourice of debate.' Gascoyne. Nourish (nur'ish), v. t. [0. Fr. nurir, nurrir, norrir, Mod. Fr. nourrir, from L. nutrire, to nourish, whence nutrix, a nurse.

For

verbal term. -ish, see -ISH.] 1. To feed and cause to grow; to supply a living or organized body, animal or vegetable, with matter which increases its bulk or supplies the waste occasioned by any of its functions; to supply with nutriment. 'He planteth an ash, and the rain doth nourish it.' Is. xliv. 14.-2. To support; to maintain.

Whiles I in Ireland nourish a mighty band,

I will stir up in England some black storm. Shak. 3. Fig. (a) to supply the means of support and increase to; to encourage; to foster; as, to nourish rebellion; to nourish the virtues.

What madness was it, with such proofs, to nourish their contentions. Hooker.

(b) To cherish; to comfort. Ye have nourished your hearts.' Jas. v. 7. (c) To educate; to instruct; to promote growth in attainments.

Thou shalt be a good minister of Jesus Christ nourished up in the words of faith. 1 Tim. iv. 6. Nourish (nur'ish), v. i. 1.To promote growth. Grains and roots nourish more than leaves. Bacon. 2. To gain nourishment. [Rare.]

Fruit trees grow full of moss, which is caused partly by the coldness of the ground, whereby the parts nourish less. Bacon.

Nourisht (nur'ish), n. [See NOURICE.] A

nurse.

Athens

Was called nourish of philosophers wise. Lydgate. Nourishable (nur'ish-a-bl), a. 1. Capable of being nourished; as, the nourishable parts of the body.-2.1 Capable of giving nourishment; nutritious. Wholesome and nourishable unto us to eternal life.' Bp. Hall. Nourisher (nur'ish-ér), n. One who or that which nourishes. 'Sleep, . . . chief nourisher in life's feast.' Shak.

Nourishing (nur'ish-ing), a. Promoting
growth; nutritious; as, a nourishing diet.
Nourishingly (nur'ish-ing-li), adv. In a
nourishing manner; nutritively; cherish-
ingly.

Nourishment (nur'ish-ment), n. 1. The act
of nourishing, or the state of being nour-
ished; nutrition.-2. That which taken into
the system serves to nourish; food; susten-
ance; nutriment.-3. Fig. that which pro-
motes any kind of growth or development.
'So they may learn to seek the nourishment
of their souls.' Hooker.
Nouriture, Same as Nurture. Spenser.
Noursle,t (nör sl), v.t. [A dim. form from
nurse.] To nurse; to rear; to bring up; to

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educate. Long noursled in ignorance.'
Fuller. Also written Nousle, Nowsle, &c.
Noursling. Same as Nursling. A little
noursling of the humid air.' Spenser.
Nous (nous), n. [Gr. nous.] Intellect; mind;
understanding; talent; as, he has plenty of
nous. [A word of grammar-school or uni-
versity origin, and used only jocularly.]
Nouslet (no'sl), v. t. Same as Noursle. Shak.
Nouslet (nuz1), v.i. To nestle; to cling
closely or fondly to. Spenser.
Nousle,t v.i. [See NUZZLE.] To work with
the nose; to work a way by the nose.
nousling mole. Spenser.
Nout (nout), n. Nolt. See NOLT.
Nouthe,t adv. Now; just now.
Nouther (nou'THèr), conj. Neither. [Old
English and Scotch.]

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Chaucer.

Novaculite (nō-vak'ū-līt), n. [L. novacula,
a razor.] A variety of argillaceous slate, of
which hones are made for sharpening edge-
tools; razor-stone; Turkey-hone. It owes
its quality of giving an edge to steel to the
fine siliceous particles which it contains.
Very fine varieties are brought from Turkey.
Novalia (no-väli-a), n. pl. [L.novalis, newly-
ploughed land.] In Scots law, lands newly
improved or cultivated, and in particular
those lands which, having lain waste from
time immemorial, had been brought into
cultivation by the monks.

NOVITIATE

deals with what is heroic, marvellous, mysterious, and supernatural; while the novel professes to relate only what is credible. Novelett (nov'el-et), n. A small new book. G. Harvey.

Novelette (nov-el-et), n. A short novel. 'The classical translations and Italian novelettes of the age of Elizabeth.' J. R. Green. Novelism + (nov'el-izm), n. Innovation. Novelist (nov'el-ist), n. 1.† An innovator; an asserter of novelty.

Telesius, who hath renewed the philosophy of Parmenides, is the best of novelists. Bacon. 2.† A writer of news.

The novelists have, for the better spinning out of paragraphs, and working down to the end of their columns, a most happy art of saying and unsaying, giving hints of intelligence, and interpretations of different actions. Steele.

3. A writer of a novel or of novels. Novelize (nov'el-iz), v.t. pret. & pp. novelized; ppr. novelizing. 1. To change by introducing novelties; to bring into a new or novel condition. 'How affections do stand to be novelized by the mutability of the present times.' Sir E. Dering.-2. To put into the form of a novel. The desperate attempt to novelize history.' Sir John Herschel.

Novelizet (nov'el-iz), v.i. To innovate.
The novelizing spirit of man lives by variety and
the new faces of things.
Sir T. Browne.

Novargent (nov-är'jent), n. [L. novus, new,
and argentum, silver.] A substance used
for re-silvering plated articles, and prepared Noveller† (nov'el-ér), n.
by moistening chalk with a solution of oxide
of silver in a solution of cyanide of potas-
sium.

Novatian (no-vā'shi-an), n. In church hist.
one of the sect founded in the middle of
the third century by Novatianus of Rome
and Novatus of Carthage, who held that the
lapsed might not be received again into
communion with the church, and that second
marriages are unlawful.
Novatianism (nō-vā'shi-an-izm), n. The
opinions of the Novatians. Bp. Hall.
Novation (no-vā'shon), n. [L. novatio, from
novo, to make new.] 1. Introduction of
something new; innovation.

Novations in religion are a main cause of distem-
pers in commonwealths.
Abp. Laud.

2. In law, the substitution of a new obliga-
tion or debt for an old one. Wharton.
Novatort (no-vā'tér). Same as Innovator.
Bailey.

Novel (novel), a. [O.Fr. novel, Fr. nouvelle,
a novel, from L. novellus, a dim. from novus,
new.] Of recent origin or introduction;
not ancient; more especially, new and strik-
ing; of a kind not known before; unusual;
strange; as, a novel heresy; novel opinions.
It is no novel usurpation, but though void of other
title, has the prescription of many ages.

Dr. H. More.

-Novel assignment, in common law, an ob-
solete form of pleading which sometimes
arose from the generality of the declara-
tion, when, the complaint not having been
set out with sufficient precision, it became
necessary, from the evasiveness of the plea,
to reassign the cause of action with fresh
particulars. Wharton. In civil law, the
novel constitutions, or novels, are the sup-
plementary constitutions of some Roman
emperors, so called because they appeared
after the authentic publications of law made
by these emperors. Those of Justinian are
the best known, and are commonly under-
stood when the general term is used. The
Novels, together with the Institute, Code,
and Digest, form the whole body of law
which passes under the name of Justinian.
Novel (nov'el), n. [Fr. nouvelle, a novel;
nouvelles, news.] 1. Something new; nov-
elty.

I have shook off
My thraldom, lady, and have made discoveries
Of famous novels.
Ford.

2. A piece of news; fresh intelligence.
Some came of curiosity to hear some novels.
Latimer.

3. In civil law, a new or supplemental con-
stitution or decree; one of the novel consti-
tutions of certain Roman emperors. See
under NOVEL, a.

By the civil law, no one was to be ordained a
a later novel it was sufficient, if he was above
thirty.
Ayliffe.
4. A fictitious prose narrative, involving
some plot of greater or less intricacy, and
professing to give a picture of real life,
generally exhibiting the passions and sen-
timents in a state of great activity, and es-
pecially the passion of love. The romance

1. An innovator. They ought to keep that day, which these novellers teach us to contemn. Bp. Hall.

2. A novelist. Novelries,t n. pl. Novelties. Chaucer. Novelty (nov'el-ti), n. 1. The quality of being novel; a striking or noticeable newness; recentness of origin or introduction; fresh

ness.

Novelty is the great parent of pleasure. South. 2. Something new or strange; a novel thing; as, to hunt after novelties.

Novem, Novumt (no'vem, nō'vum), n. [L.
novem, nine.] An ancient game at dice
played by five or six persons, in which the
two principal throws were nine and five.
The pedant, the braggart, the hedge-priest, the fool,
and the boy-

Abate a throw at novum; and the whole world again
Cannot prick out five such.
Shak.

[Knight explains this passage: Abate a throw
-that is, leave out the nine, and the world
cannot prick out five such.]

November (nō-vem′ber), n. [L., from novem, nine; the ninth month, according to the ancient Roman year, which began in March.] The eleventh month of the year, containing 30 days.

Novenary (no've-na-ri), a. [L. novenarius,
from novem, nine.] Pertaining to the num-
ber nine.

Novenary (no've-na-ri), n. An aggregate of
nine; nine collectively. Sir T. Browne.
Novene (nō'vēn), a. [L.novenus, from novem,
nine.] Relating to or depending on the
number nine; proceeding by nines.
triple and novene division ran throughout.'
Milman.

The

Novennial (no-ven'i-al), a. [From L. novennis, novennial, from L. novem, nine, and annus, a year.] Done or recurring every ninth year; as, a novennial festival. Abp. Potter.

Novercal (nō-ver'kal), a. [L. noverca, a step-mother.] Pertaining to a step-mother; suitable to a step-mother; in the manner of a step-mother.

When the whole tribe of birds by incubation produce their young, it is a wonderful deviation that some few families should do it in a more novercal way. Derham.

Novice (nov'is), n. [Fr., from L. novitius, new, fresh, from novus, new.] One who is new to the circumstances in which he or she is placed; specifically, (a) one newly converted to the Christian faith. 1 Tim. iii.6. (b) Eccles. one that has entered a religious house, but has not taken the vow; a probationer. Isabella, a novice of this place.' Shak. (c) One who is new in any business; one unacquainted or unskilled; one in the rudiments; a beginner.

Dryden. I am young, a novice in the trade. Noviceship (nov'is-ship), n. The state of a novice. [Rare.] Novilunar (nō-vi-lü'nèr), a. [L. novus, new, and luna, the moon.] Pertaining to the new moon. [Rare.] Novitiate, Noviciate (nō-vish'i-ät), n. [See NOVICE.] 1. The state or time of being a

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novice; time occupied in being initiated Nowed (no'ed), a. [See NowE.] Knotted; into something; apprenticeship.

He must have passed his tirocinium or novitiate in sinning before he come to this, be he never so quick a proficient. South.

Specifically-2. In religious houses, a year or other time of probation for the trial of a novice before he or she finally take the vows of the order.-3. One who is going through a novitiate, or period of probation; a novice. Addison.

Novitious+ (nō-vi'shus), a. [L. novitius.] Newly invented. 'A novitious interpreta

tion.' Bp. Pearson. Novity + (nov'i-ti), n. [L. novitas, from novus, new.] Newness; novelty. A novity, or no long existence of the creature.' Bp. Pearson.

Novodamus (nō-võ-dāʼmus), n. [From L. de novo damus, we grant anew.] In Scots law, a charter of novodamus is the name given to a charter which contains a clause of novodamus. This clause is subjoined to the dispositive clause, and by it the superior, whether the crown or a subject, grants de novo (anew) the subjects, rights, or privileges therein described. Such a charter may be granted where a vassal believes his right defective, but, notwithstanding its name, it may also be a first grant. Novus Homo (no'vus hō'mo), n. pl. Novi Homines (no'vi hom'in-ez). [L] Among the ancient Romans, one who had raised himself from obscurity to distinction, with

out the aid of family connections. Now (nou), adv. [A. Sax. nú, a word common to all the Teutonic tongues (some of them having the vowel short); cog. L. nunc; Gr. nun, now; perhaps of same origin as new.] 1. At the present time.

I have a patient now living at an advanced age, who discharged blood from his lungs thirty years ago. Arbuthnot.

Now is the constant syllable clicking from the clock of time. Now' is the watchword of the wise. 'Now' is on the banner of the prudent. Dr. Parr. 2. A little while ago; very lately. They that but now for honour and for plate, Made the sea blush with blood, resign their hate. Waller.

3. Now often implies a connection between the subsequent and preceding proposition; often it introduces an inference or an explanation of what precedes.

Not this man, but Barabbas. Now Barabbas was a robber. Jn. xviii. 40.

The other great mischief which befalls men is by their being misrepresented. Now by calling evil South.

good, a man is misrepresented to others in the way

of slander.

4. After this; things being so.

How shall any man distinguish now betwixt a parasite and a man of honour, where hypocrisy and interest look so like duty and affection?

Sir R. L'Estrange. 5. At a particular past time; at that time. But the ship was now in the midst of the sea, tossed

with waves. Mat. xiv. 24. 6. Used as an emphatic expletive in cases of command, entreaty, wishing, and the like; as, come, now, stop that. Now, good angels, preserve the king!' Shak.-7. It being so that; since.

Why should he live, now Nature bankrupt is? Shak. -Now and then, at one time and another, indefinitely; occasionally; not often; at intervals; here and there. Talk with respect, and swear but now and then.' Shak.—'Á mead here, there a heath, and now and then a wood.' Drayton.-Now..now, at one time -at another time; alternately. Now up, now down, as bucket in a well.' Chaucer. "That now he vows a league, and now invasion.' Shak. Similarly now... then. 'Now weep for him, then spit at him.' Shak.-Now and now,t once and again. Chaucer. Now (nou), n. The present time or moment. Nothing is there to come, and nothing past, But an eternal now does ever last.

Cowley.

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tied in a knot; used in heraldry, and applicable to the tails of lions and other animals, which are very long, and borne as if tied up in a knot; as, a lion rampant, tail nowed. Nowelt (no'el), n. [Norm. Fr. nowell, Fr. noel, from L. natalis, natal-nascor, natus, to be born.] Originally, a shout of joy at Christmas, but afterwards the usual cry of the people upon all occasions of joy and festivity. It is often found also in the signification of the feast of Christmas. Chaucer. Nowel (nou'el), n. In founding, the inner portion of the mould for castings of large hollow articles, such as tanks, cisterns, steamengine cylinders of large size, &c. It an'swers to the core of smaller castings. Nowhere (no'whär). [No and where; A. Sax. ná-hwær.] Not in any place or state.

True pleasure and perfect freedom are nowhere to be found but in the practice of virtue. Tillotson. Nowhither (nō'whiтH-ér), adv. [No and whither.] Not any whither; in no direction; not to any place; nowhere. The turn which leads nowhither.' De Quincey.

Thy servant went nowhither.

2 Kings v. 25.

Nowise (no'wiz). [No, and wise, manner.] Not in any manner or degree.

A power of natural gravitation, without contact or impulse, can in nowise be attributed to mere matter. Nowlt (noul), n. Bentley. A noll; a head. Shak. Nowy (noui), a. [Fr. noué, knotted.] In Nowt (nout), n. Same as Nolt. [Scotch.] her. the term applied to a projection in the middle of a cross or other ordinary. In her. the term apNowyed (nou’id), a. plied to a projection not in the centre of a cross, but in either of its branches. Noxious (nok'shus), a. [L. noxius, from root of noceo, to hurt.] 1. Hurtful; harmful; baneful; pernicious; unwholesome; as, noxious vapours, food, animals. 'Noxious creatures.' Dryden. Noxious worm.' Milton. 'Noxious and poisonous herbs.' Cudworth. 2. Unfavourable; injurious; pernicious: used in a moral sense.

Too frequent appearance in places of public resort is noxious to spiritual promotion. Swift.

3. Guilty; criminal. Those who are noxious in the eye of the law.' Bramhall. [Rare.]SYN. Hurtful, harmful, injurious, destructive, pernicious, mischievous, corrupting, baneful, unwholesome, insalubrious. Noxiously (nok'shus-li), adv. In a noxious manner; hurtfully; perniciously. Noxiousness (nok'shus-nes), n. The quality or state of being noxious; hurtfulness; injuriousness; harmfulness; perniciousness; as, the noxiousness of foul air. The noxiousness of this doctrine to all civil governments.' Hammond.

Noy, v.t. To annoy; to vex. 'All that noyed his heavy spright.' Spenser. Noy, tn. That which annoys; annoyance. Nor fruitlesse breed of lambes procures my noy.' Lodge.

Noyade (nwa-yäd), n. [Fr., from noyer, to drown.] The act of putting to death by drowning; specifically, a mode of executing victims during the reign of terror in France, practised by Carrier at Nantes in 1789. The prisoners were embarked in a vessel with a movable bottom, which was suddenly opened when the vessel reached the middle of the Loire, thus precipitating the condemned into the water.

Noyance (noi'ans), n. Annoyance.

The single and peculiar life is bound
To keep itself from noyance.

Shak.

Noyau (nwä-yō), n. [Fr. noyau, a stone of a fruit, from L. nucalis, like a nut, from nux, nucis, a nut.] A cordial of various compositions, but generally prepared from white brandy, bitter almonds, sugar-candy, grated nutmeg and mace, and sometimes further flavoured with orange peel, the kernels of apricots, peaches, nectarines, &c. Noyer,t n. An annoyer. Noyful, a. Annoying; noisome; hurtful. 'Execrable and nouful to them that shall receive them.' Bale.

Noyls (noilz), n. pl. Same as Noils. Noyous, a. Causing annoyance; annoying.

They found much hair on their faces to be noyous unto them. Spenser.

What annoys; a nuisance;

Noysaunce, n.
Fuller.

But Ireland will noways allow that name unto it. Nowe (no), n. [O. Fr. nou, a knot, from L. nodus, a knot.] A knot; the marriage tie: probably in this sense only in the plural. Thousands of crowned souls throng to be Themselves thy crown, sons of thy nowes. Crashaw.

an offence. Chaucer. Nozzle (noz'l), n. [For nosle, a dim. of nose.] The projecting spout or ventage of something; a terminal pipe or part of a pipe; as, the nozzle of a bellows.-Nozzles of a steamengine, are those parts in which are placed

NUCLEOLUS

the valves that open and close the communication between the cylinder and the boiler and condenser in low-pressure or condensing engines; and between the cylinder and boiler and atmosphere in high-pressure engines. Nuance (nu-äñs), n. [Fr., from nue, L. nubes, a cloud.] 1. Each of the different gradations by which a colour passes from its lightest to its darkest shade; shade.-2. A delicate degree of difference perceived by any of the senses, or by the intellect; as, nuances of sound, of expression, &c. Nub (nub), n. ance. [Colloq.] Nubbin (nub'in), n. A small or imperfect ear of maize. [Colloq. United States.] Nubblet (nub'l), v.t. [For knubble, a freq. of knub, which is the same word as LG. nubben, to knock.] To beat or bruise with the fist. Ainsworth.

A snag; a knob; a protuber

Nubecula (nü-bek'ü-la), n. [L. dim., a little cloud.] 1. In astron, one of two remarkable clusters of nebulæ in the southern hemisphere, known also as the Magellanic clouds. 2. In pathol. (a) a speck or cloud in the eye. (b) A cloudy appearance in the urine as it cools, or cloudy matter suspended in the urine.

Produced

Nubiferous (nu-bif'èr-us), a. [L. nubifernubes, a cloud or fog, and fero, to produce.] Bringing or producing clouds. Nubigenous† (nu-bij'en-us), a. by clouds. Maunder. Nubilate + (nū'bil-āt), v.t. [L. nubilo, to make cloudy, from nubes, a cloud.] To cloud. Bailey.

Nubile (nu bil), a. [From L. nubilis, from nubo, to marry.] Of an age suitable for marriage; marriageable. "The nubile virPrior. gin's breast. The state of being Nubility (nu-bil'i-ti), n. marriageable. [Rare.] Nubilose + (nu'bil-ōs), a. [L. nubilosus. See below.] Cloudy; abounding in clouds. Worcester.

Nubilous (nü'bil-us), a. [L. nubilus, from nubes, a cloud.] Cloudy.

Nucament (nū’ka-ment), n. [L.nucamentum, a fir cone.] In bot. a catkin; the blossom Nucamentaceae (nu'ka-men-tā"sē-ē), n. pl. of the hazel, pine, willow, &c. A sub-order of the Proteacer, in which the fruit is nucamentaceous and of the hardness of a nut. Nucamentaceous (nū'ka-men-tā"shus), a. In bot. pertaining to a nucament or catkin. Nucha (nu'ka), n. [L.L., from Ar.] The

hind part or nape of the neck. Nuchal (nu'kal), a. Pertaining to the nucha or nape of the neck; as, the nuchal region. Nuciferous (nu-sif'èr-us), a. [L. nux, nucis, a nut, and fero, to bear.] Bearing or producing nuts. Bailey.

Nuciform (nū'si-form), a. [L. nux, nucis, a nut, and forma, shape.] In bot. resembling a nut; nut-shaped.

Nucifraga (nu-sif'ra-ga), n. [L. nux, nucis, a nut, and frango, to break.] A genus of insessorial birds; the nutcrackers. See NUT-CRACKER.

Nucleal, Nuclear (nu'klē-al, nū’klē-ar), a. Pertaining or relating to a nucleus; having the character of a nucleus; constituted by a nucleus; as, nuclear fibres. Dr. Carpenter. Nucleate (nü'klē-āt), v.t. [L. nucleo, nucleatum, to become kernelly. See NUCLEUS.] To gather, as about a nucleus or centre. Nucleate, Nucleated (nü'klē-at, nū’klē-āted), a. [L. nucleus, a kernel.] Having a nucleus or central particle: a term applied to the elementary cells of animal tissues. Nucleiform (nu-kle'i-form), a. Formed like a nucleus or kernel.

Nucleobranch (nü'klē-ō-brangk), n. A mollusc of the order Nucleobranchiata. Nucleobranchiata (nū'klē-ō-brang ki-ā"ta), n. pl. [L. nucleus, a kernel, and Gr. branchia, gills.] An order of mollusca, the heteropoda (which see).

Nucleoid (nu'klē-oid), a. [L. nucleus, a kernel, and Gr. eidos, resemblance.] Gathered into, or having the appearance of a nucleus. Nucleolated (nū-klē’ō-lāt-ed), a. Possessing a nucleolus or inner second nucleus.

Nucleole (nü'kle-öl), n. Same as Nucleolus. Nucleolite (nũ-klế'ō-lit), n. [L. nucleus, and Gr. lithos, a stone.] One of a genus of fossil Echinidae, belonging to the family Galeritidæ, and found in the crag, &c. Nucleolus (nu-kle'ō-lus), n. pl. Nucleoli (nū-klē'ō-li). [Dim. of nucleus (which see).] In physiol. (a) the minute solid particle in the interior of the nucleus of some cells. (b) The minute spherical particle attached

NUCLEUS

to the exterior of the nucleus or ovary of certain Infusoria, performing the functions of a testicle. H. A. Nicholson. Nucleus (nü'klē-us), n. pl. Nuclei (nū'klē-i). [L, from nux, nucis, a nut.] 1. A kernel; hence, a central mass about which matter is collected, or to which accretion is made: used both literally and figuratively. A nucleus of truth.' Is. Taylor.-2. In bot. (a) the central succulent part of an ovule in which the embryo plant is generated. (b) That part of a seed contained within the testa. (c) In lichens the disk of the shield which contains the sporules and their cases. (d) Formerly, the secondary bulb of a bulbous plant, now termed a clove.-3. In physiol. (a) the solid or vesicular body found in many cells; the germ of a cell; a cytoblast. (b) The solid rod, or band-shaped body, found in the interior of many of the Protozoa, and having, in certain of them, the functions of an ovary.4. In zool. (a) the madriform tubercle of the Echinodermata. (b) The embryonic shell which is retained to form the apex of the adult shell in many of the mollusca.-5. A body having a stronger or weaker attraction for the gas, vapour, or salt of a solution than for the liquid part of it, and, therefore, modifying by its presence the freezing and boiling points. Rossiter.-6. In astron, the body of a comet, called also its head. Nucula (nuku-la), n. [Dim. from L. nux, nucis, a nut.] 1. In bot. a hard pericarp of a horny or bony texture, indehiscent, and containing a single seed, to which it is not❘ closely attached, as in Lamium and Borago. 2. A genus of marine bivalve shells, belonging to the family Arcacea or ark-shells, according to Lamarck, who describes six living species and four fossil. Of the first three inhabit the European seas and the rest the Eastern ocean.

Nuculanium (nū-kū-lā'ni-um), n. In bot. a superior indehiscent fleshy fruit, containing two or more cells and several seeds, as the grape.

Nucule (nü'kül), n. See NUCULA. Nudation (nů-dā'shon), n. [L. nudatio, from nudo, to make bare. ] The act of stripping or making bare or naked. Johnson. Nuddle (nud), v.i. To walk quickly with the head bent forward: with along. Ainsworth. [Rare.]

Nude (nud), a. [L. nudus, naked.] 1. Bare; naked; not covered with drapery; as, to bathe perfectly nude; a nude statue.-2. In law, made without any consideration: said of a contract or agreement. No action will lie upon such an agreement.-Nude matter, a bare allegation of something done. Nude (nud), n. In the fine arts, what is nude or uncovered with drapery; a nude or naked figure: generally used with the definite article prefixed to it, the nude, that is, the undraped human figure.

So long as civilization was mainly confined to the Latin and Greek races, art had no moral obstacle in its way to using the nude as its supreme manifesta. tion of its loftiest ideas, abstract or otherwise.

Art Journal. Nudely (nüd'li), adv. In a nude or naked manner; nakedly.

Nudeness (nūd'nes), n. The state or quality of being nude or naked.

Nudge (nuj), n. [Allied to Prov. G. knütschen, to squeeze or pinch. ] A jog with the elbow, or a poke in the ribs. Nudge (nuj), v.t. pret. & pp. nudged; ppr. nudging. To touch gently, as with the elbow; to give a hint or signal by a private touch with the hand, elbow, or foot. 'The younger one nudged his father.' Dickens. Nudibrachiate (nu-di-brak'i-āt), a. [L. nudus, naked, and brachium, an arm.] Having naked arms; specifically, in zool. applied to those polypi whose tentacles are not lodged in a special cavity. Nudibranch (nu'di-brangk), a. A member of the Nudibranchiata.

Nudibranchiata (nū-di-brangʻki-ā′′ta), n.

Nudibranchiata-Eolis olivacea.

[L. nudus, naked, and Gr. branchia, gills.] An order of molluscs of the class Gaster

279

opoda, having no shell in their adult state, their branchiæ or gills, when present, being exposed on some part of their back, from which circumstance they have obtained their name. The Eolis, Doris, &c., are examples. Nudibranchiate (nu-di-brang'ki-āt), a. Of or pertaining to the order Nudibranchiata.

Nudibranchiate (nü-di-brang'ki-āt), n. Α mollusc belonging to the order Nudibranchiata.

Nudicaul (nū'di-kal), a. [L. nudus, naked, and caulis, a stem.] In bot. having the stems leafless.

Nudification (nú'di-fi-kā"shon), n. A making naked. West. Rev.

Nudity (nu'di-ti), n. [L. nuditas, from nudus, naked.] 1. The state of being nude or naked; nakedness.-2. In a concrete sense, that which is naked. 'Obscene nudities.' Dryden.

Nudum pactum (nū'dum pak'tum). [L., nude compact.] In law, an agreement to do something without any consideration on the other side. See NUDE, α. Nugacity (nu-gas'i-ti), n. [L. nugax, nugacis, trifling, from nuga, trifles.] Futility; trifling talk or behaviour. Dr. H. More.

Nugæ (nú'jē), n. pl. [L.] Trifles; silly verses; things of little value.

Nugation (nu-ga'shon), n. [L. nugor, to trifle, from nuga, trifles.] The act or practice of trifling. Bacon. [Rare.] Nugatory (nu'ga-to-ri), a. [L. nugatorius, from nugor, nugatus, to trifle, from nuga, trifles.] 1. Trifling; futile; worthless; without significance.

Definitions of words already as clear as they can be made are nugatory and impracticable. Hallam. 2. Of no force; inoperative; ineffectual. Assertion unsupported by fact is nugatory. Junius. If all are pardoned ... as a mere act of clemency, the very substance of government is made nugatory. Is. Taylor. Nugget (nuget), n. [O.E. nigot, niggot, an ingot, for nigget, a dim. of Prov. E. nigg, a small piece. Trench, however, supposes nugget, niggot, to be only ingot disguised.] A lump; a mass; especially, one of the larger lumps of native gold found in the diggings.

Nugify (nu'ji-fi), v.t. [L. nuga, trifles, and facio, to make. To render trifling, silly, or futile. The stultifying, nugifying effect of a blind and uncritical study of the Fathers.' Coleridge. [Rare.] Nuisance (nu'sans), n. [O.Fr. nuisance, noisance, from nuisir, noisir (Mod. Fr. nuire), L. noceo, to annoy.] 1. That which annoys or gives trouble and vexation; that which is offensive or irritating; a plague; a bore: applied to persons and things.

This is the liar's lot, he is accounted a pest and a nuisance. South.

He would think it a nuisance to vote for the conservative party. Sat. Rev.

2. In law, that which incommodes or annoys; something that produces inconvenience or damage. Nuisances are public or private; public, when they annoy citizens in general, as obstructions of the highway; private, when they affect individuals only, as when one man erects a house so near his neighbour's as to throw the water off the roof upon his neighbour's land or house, or to intercept the light that his neighbour before enjoyed. In the law of Scotland there is no recognized distinction between public and private nuisances.

Nuisancer (nu'sans-èr), n. One who causes an injury or nuisance. Blackstone. Nul (nul). In law, no; not any; as, nul disseisin.

Null (nul), v.t. [From null, a., or abbrev. from annul.] To annul; to deprive of validity; to destroy. Their force is nulled.' Milton. [Rare.]

Null (nul), a. [L. nullus, not any, nonene, not, and ullus, any.] 1. Void; of no legal or binding force or validity; of no efficacy; invalid.

Any such presumption which can be grounded on their having voluntarily entered into the contract is commonly next to null. F. S. Mill.

2. Having no character or expression: said of features. Faultily faultless, icily regular, splendidly null.' Tennyson.

Nullt (nul), n. 1. Something that has no force or meaning.-2. That which has no value; a cipher. Bacon.

Null (nul), n. [Comp. noll, the head.] One of a series of decorative beads much used for spindles and rolls for bedsteads, chairs,

[blocks in formation]

work resembling a series of beads strung on a rod. See NULL.

Nullibiety + (nul-i-bï'e-ti), n. [L. nullibi, nowhere. The state or condition of being nowhere. Bailey.

Nullification (nul'i-fi-kā"shon), n. [See NULLIFY.] The act of nullifying; a rendering void and of no effect or of no legal effect; specifically, in the United States, the act of a state by which it nullified or made void, by its sovereign authority or decree, an enactment of the general government which it deemed unconstitutional. Nullifidian (nul-i-fid'i-an), a. [L. nullus, none, and fides, faith.] Of no faith or religion.

Nullifidian (nul-i-fid'i-an), n. One who has no faith; an unbeliever. B. Jonson. Nullifier (nul'i-fi-ér), n. 1. One who nullifies or makes void; one who maintains the right to nullify a contract by one of the parties.-2. In the United States, one who adheres to the doctrine of nullification (which see).

Nullify (nul'i-fi), v.t. pret. & pp. nullified; ppr. nullifying. [L. nullus, none, and facio, to make.] To annul; to make void; to render invalid; to deprive of legal force or efficacy.

You will say, that this nullifies all exhortations to South. piety. Nullipore (nul'i-pōr), n.pl. [L. nullus, none, and porus, pore.] A name given to certain beautiful little plants of the genus Melobesia, common on coral islands. On the margin of atolls three species flourish, one in thin spreading sheets like a lichen, another in strong knobs radiating from a common centre, the third a reticulated mass of branches of the thickness of a crow's quill. From secreting lime on their surface, and hence resembling coral, they were formerly supposed to be a kind of zoophytes. Nullity (nul'i-ti), n. [Fr. nullité, from L. nullus, none.] The state or quality of being null or void; want of force or efficacy; insignificance; nothingness.

It can be no part of my business to overthrow this South. distinction, and to show the nullity of it.

2. That which is null, void, invalid, or of no force or efficacy.

Was it not absurd to say that the convention was supreme in the state, and yet a nullity!

Macaulay. Numb (num), a. [Lit. taken, being from A. Sax. numen, the participle of niman, O.E. nim, Goth. niman, to take, to seize, whence beniman or benyman, to take away, to take away the use of one's limbs, to benumb. See BENUMB and NIM. Numb and benumb have no right to the final b with which they are now commonly written.] 1. Torpid; destitute of the power of sensation and motion; as, the fingers or limbs are numb with cold. Leaning long upon any part maketh it numb and asleep. Bacon.

2. Producing numbness; benumbing. "The numb cold night.' Shak.-SYN. Torpid, paralyzed, benumbed, deadened, insensible. Numb (num), v.t. To make torpid; to deprive of the power of sensation or motion; to deaden; to benumb; to stupefy. For lazy winter numbs the labouring hand.' Dryden. 'Like dull narcotics numbing pain.' Tennyson.

Numbedness (num'ed-nes), n.

Numbness.

If the nerve be quite divided, the pain is little,only a kind of stupor or numbedness. Wiseman. Number (number), n. [O. Fr. numbre, Fr. nombre, from L. numerus, number, same root as Gr. nemō, to distribute. The b is inserted for ease of pronunciation; comp. humble, nimble.] 1. That which may be counted or reckoned; an aggregate or assemblage of units; a single unit considered as part of a series, or two or more of such units. They say there is divinity in odd numbers. Now on the fourth day was the silver, the gold and the vessels weighed... by number and by weight. Ezra viii. 33.

Shak.

2. Several individuals collectively; not a few; many; as, I have still a number of things to do.

Ladies are always of great use to the party they espouse, and never fail to win over numbers. Addison.

3. Multitude; numerousness.

Number itself importeth not much in armies, where the men are of weak courage.

Bacon.

4. One of a numbered series of things, as a

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