Apology; excuse; an escape in the way of subterfuge or pretext. [Scotch.]

Off-corn (of'korn), n. Waste or inferior corn thrown out during dressing.

300

Offend (of-fend'), v.i. 1. To transgress the moral or divine law; to sin; to commit a crime or fault: sometimes used with against. Whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet of fend in one point, is guilty of all. Jam. ii. 10. Nor yet against Cæsar have I offended anything at all. Acts xxv. 8. We have offended against the Lord already. 2 Chr. xxviii. 13. 2. To cause dislike or anger. Shak.-3. To take offence; to be scandalized.

If meat make my brother to offend, I will eat no flesh while the world standeth, lest I make my brother to offend. 1 Cor. viii. 13.

One who of

Off-day (of'da), n. A day on which any usual occupation is discontinued.

Such horses as Queen's Crawley possessed went to plough, or ran in the Trafalgar Coach; and it was with a team of these very horses, on an off-day, that Miss Sharp was brought to the Hall. Thackeray. Offence (of-fens'), n. [Fr. offense, from L. offensus. See OFFEND.] 1. The act of offending; a striking against; assault; attack: now obsolete in this sense, unless in the phrase, a weapon or arm of offence.

Courtesy would not be persuaded to offer any offence, but only to stand on the best defensive guard. Sir P. Sidney.

2. Harm; hurt; injury.

So shall he waste his means, weary his soldiers,
Doing himself offence.

Shak.

3. An affront; insult; injustice; wrong; anything that wounds the feelings and causes displeasure.

Many a bard, without offence, Has link'd our names together in his lay. Tennyson. 4. The state of being offended; wrath; anger; displeasure; mortification. 'And you, good uncle, banish all offence.' Shak. Content to give them just cause of offence when they had power to make just revenge. Sir P. Sidney. 5. Any transgression of law, divine or human; a crime, sin, act of wickedness, or omission of duty. 'Delivered for our offences.' Rom. iv. 25.

He

Milton.

offer'd himself to die For man's offence. 6. In law, the word offence signifles, generally, any crime or misdemeanour, but in a more particular sense it signifies a crime not indictable, but punishable summarily, or by the forfeiture of a penalty. SYN. Displeasure, umbrage, resentment, misdeed, misdemeanour, trespass, transgression, delinquency, fault, crime, sin, affront, indignity, outrage, insult.

Offenceful (of-fens'ful), a. Giving displeasure; injurious; criminal. "Your most offenceful act.' Shak. Offencelesst (of-fens'les), a. Unoffending; innocent; inoffensive; harmless. Shak. Offend (of-fend'), v. t. [L. offendo, to strike against-of for ob, against, and obs. fendo, to hit, thrust (hence also defendo). The root fen is the same with Skr. root han for dhan, to strike.] 1. To attack; to assail.

He was fain to defend himself, and withal so to offend him that by an unlucky blow the poor Philoxenus fell dead at his feet. Sir P. Sidney.

Tennyson.

A random string Your finer, female sense offends. 4. To injure; to harm; to hurt. Till thou canst rail the seal from off my bond, Thou but offendst thy lungs to speak so loud. Shak. 5. To sin against; to transgress; to violate; to disobey. Marry, sir, he hath offended law.' Shak.-6. † To draw to evil or hinder in obedience; to cause to sin or neglect duty. 'If thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out.' Mat. v. 29.

Whoso shall offend one of these little ones which believe in me, it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and that he were drowned in the depth of the sea. Mat. xviii, 6.

She hugged the offender, and forgave the offence. Dryden. -Offender properly differs from delinquent inasmuch as the latter is a negative transgressor, one who neglects to comply with the requirements of the law; whereas the former is a positive transgressor, one who violates law or social rule. Offending (of-fend'ing), n. The act of committing an offence; offence; fault; transgression; crime.

The very head and front of my offending
Hath this extent, no more.

Shak.

Offendress (of-fend'res), n. A female offender. 'A desperate offendress against nature.' Shak. Offense (of-fens'), n. Offence. [ United States.]

Offensioun, n. Offence; damage. Chaucer. Offensive (of-fens'iv), a. [Fr. offensif. See OFFEND.] 1. Causing offence: (a) causing some degree of anger; giving provocation; irritating; as, you are offensive in your remarks. An offensive wife.' Shak. A very offensive scoundrel.' Dickens. (b) Disgusting; giving pain or unpleasant sensations; disagreeable; as, something offensive to taste or smell. (c)t Injurious.

It is an excellent opener for the liver, but offensive to the stomach. Bacon.

2. Pertaining to offence: (a) used in attack: opposed to defensive; as, an offensive weapon or engine. (b) Consisting in attack; proceeding by attack; assailant; invading: opposed to defensive; as, an offensive war. We are not all arrayed in two opposite ranks: the offensive and the defensive. Dickens.

A league or alliance offensive and defensive, is one that requires both or all parties to make war together against a nation, and each party to defend the other in case of being attacked.-SYN. Displeasing, disagreeable, distasteful, obnoxious, abhorrent, disgusting, impertinent, rude, saucy, opprobrious, insulting, insolent, abusive, scurrilous.

Offensive (of-fens'iv), n.

With the definite article: the act of attacking; state or posture of attack; aggressive attitude; as, to act on the offensive.

Offensively (of-fens'iv-li), adv. In an offensive manner: (a) in a manner to give displeasure; unpleasantly. Several offensively vivid colours.' Boyle. (b) Injuriously; mischievously. (c) By way of invasion or first attack.

All I shall observe on this head is, to entreat the polemick divine, in his controversy with the deists, to act rather offensively than to defend.

Goldsmith.

Offensiveness (of-fensiv-nes), n. The quality or condition of being offensive; injuriousness; unpleasantness.

The muscles of the body, being preserved sound and limber upon the bones, all the motions of the parts might be explicated with the greatest ease and without any offensiveness. N. Grew.

Offer (of'fer), v.t. [Fr. offrir (j'offre, I offer), from L. offero-of for ob, towards, and fero, to bring.] 1. To present for acceptance or rejection; to tender.

Servants placing happiness in strong drink, make court to my young master by offering him that which they love. Locke.

2. To present to notice; to put forward; to proffer: often with reflexives; as, several things offer themselves for our consideration. Locke.

Our author offers no reason.

3. To present, as an act of worship; to present devotionally; to immolate; to sacrifice: often with up; as, to offer up a prayer. To offer up spiritual sacrifices.' 1 Pet. ii. 5.

Thou shalt offer every day a bullock as a sin-offering for atonement. Ex. xxix. 36.

5. To bid, as a price, reward, or wages. Nor, shouldst thou offer all thy little store, Will rich Iolas yield, but offer more? Dryden. SYN. To propose, propound, move, proffer, tender, sacrifice, immolate. Offer (offer), v. i. 1. To present itself; to be at hand.

Th' occasion offers, and the youth complies.

Dryden. 2. To declare a willingness; as, he offered to accompany his brother.-3. To make an attempt; to make as if.

We came close to the shore and offered to land.
Bacon.
Sometimes almost equivalent to dare.
What are you that offer to beat my servants?
Sometimes with at; as, the horse offered at
the leap.

Shak.

I will not offer at that I cannot master. Bacon. Offer (of'fer), n. [Fr. offre.] 1. The act of offering, or that which is offered: (a) a proposal to be accepted or rejected; presentation to choice; first advance. 'When offers are disdain'd, and love deny'd.' Pope. The offers he doth make, Were not for him to give, nor them to take. (b) The act of bidding a price, or the sum bid. 'Making by second hand their offers." Swift.-On offer, for sale. - Promise and offer, in Scots law, see PROMISE. tempt; endeavour; essay.

Daniel.

(c) At

It is in the power of every one to make some essay, some offer and attempt. South.

2. An offering; something presented by way of sacrifice or of acknowledgment.

Let the tribute offer of my tears procure your stay awhile with me. Sir P. Sidney. Offerable (of'fèr-a-bl), a. Capable of being offered.

Offerer (of'fèr-ér), n. One who offers; one who sacrifices or dedicates in worship. Offering (offer-ing), n. 1. The act of an offerer.-2. That which is offered; specifically, that which is presented in divine service; a gift offered with some symbolic intent to a deity; a sacrifice; an oblation. When thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed. Is. liii. 10.

The silly people take me for a saint, And bring me offerings of fruit and flowers. Tennyson. In the Church of England, offerings are personal tithes, payable by custom to the parson or vicar of the parish, either occasionally, as at sacraments, marriages, christenings, churching of women, burials, &c., or at constant times, as at Easter or Christmas. Offertory (of'fèr-to-ri), n. [Eccles. L. offertorium, from offertor, an offerer, from L. offero, to offer.] 1. The act of offering, or the thing offered.

He went into St. Paul's church, where he made offertory of his standards, and had orisons and Te Deums sung. Bacon.

2. Eccles. (a) in the R. Cath. Ch. the part of the mass in which the priest prepares the elements for consecration. (b) The sentences in the communion service of the Church of England read while the alms are being collected. (c) The alms collected. (d) The portion of music appropriated to the parts of service above designated. Offerturet (of'fer-tür), n. Offer; an overture; a proposal. Milton. Off-hand (of hand), adv. Readily; with ease; without hesitation or previous practice. Off-hand (of'hand), a. Done without study or hesitation; unpremeditated; free and easy; as, an off-hand remark. 'Speaking in his rapid, off-hand way.' Dickens. Office (of'fis), n. [Fr., from L. officium, from of for prefix ob, and facio, to make or do, or from opem, aid, assistance, and facio.] 1. Employment or business, whether of a public or private character, which one customarily performs or undertakes to perform; duty or duties to the performance of which a person is appointed; charge or trust, whether of a sacred or secular character.

Inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office. Rom. xi. 13.

2. That which is performed, intended, or assigned to be done by a particular thing, or that which anything is fitted to perform

OFFICE

or customarily performs; function: answering to duty in intelligent beings.

In this experiment, the several intervals of the teeth of the comb do the office of so many prisms. Newton.

3. Act of good or ill voluntarily tendered:
usually in a good sense; service.
Wolves and bears

Casting their savageness aside, have done
Like offices of pity.

Shak. I, whom thou hast injured, will be the first to render thee the decent offices due to the dead.

Sir W. Scott. 4. Eccles, formulary of devotion; a service appointed for a particular occasion; a prescribed form or act of worship.

The Lord's prayer, the ten commandments, and the creed, is a very good office for children if they are not fitted for more regular offices.

Fer. Taylor. 5. A house or apartment in which persons transact business, or discharge their respective duties and employments; a countinghouse; a place where official acts are done. 6. The persons intrusted with duties of a public nature; the persons who transact business in an office: often applied to an insurance company.-7. pl. The apartments wherein domestics discharge the several duties attached to a house, as kitchens, pantries, brewhouses, and the like; also, out-houses, such as the stables, &c., of a mansion or palace; barns, cow-houses, &c., of a farm.

Let offices stand at a distance, with some low galleries to pass from them to the palace itself. Bacon. Alack, and what shall good old York there see, But empty lodgings and unfurnish'd walls, Unpeopled offices, untrodden stones.

Shak.

8. In canon law, a benefice which has no jurisdiction annexed to it. - Divine office, in the R. Cath. Ch. the entire complement of services which constitute the established order of celebration of public worship.— Holy Office, the Inquisition; but the title, however, properly belongs to the 'Congregation' at Rome to which the direction of the tribunal of the Inquisition is subject.Office copy, in law, a transcript of a proceeding filed in the proper office of a court, under the seal of such office.-Office found, in law, the finding of a jury in an inquest of office by which the crown becomes entitled to take possession of real or personal property.Office hours, the hours during which offices are open for the transaction of business.Inquest of office. See INQUEST. Officet (of fis), v. t. To perform officially; to do; to discharge. Shak. Office-bearer (of'fis-bár-ér), n. One who holds office.

Officer (of'fis-ér), n. A person who holds an office; a person commissioned or authorized to fill a public situation or to perform any public duty; often, when used absolutely, one who holds a commission in the army or navy. In the army, general officers are those whose command extends to a body of forces composed of several regiments, as the general, lieutenant-general, major-generals, and brigadiers. Staff-officers, those who belong to the general staff, as the quarter-master-general, adjutant-general, aidesde-camp, &c. Commissioned officers, those appointed by a commission from the crown or from a lord-lieutenant, the lowest grade in the British army being now that of lieutenant. Brevet officers, those who hold a rank above that for which they receive pay. Non-commissioned officers, those who are appointed by the commanding officers of the regiments, and who form a step intermediate between commissioned officers and private soldiers, as sergeant-majors, quartermaster sergeants, sergeants, corporals, and drum and fife majors. In the navy, officers are distinguished into commissioned officers, who hold their commissions from the lords of the admiralty; warrant officers, officers holding a warrant from the admiralty as boatswains, carpenters, gunners, and one class of engineers; petty officers, who are appointed by the captains. Another division of officers is into combatant and noncombatant, the latter comprising paymasters, medical, commissariat, and other civil

officers.

Officer (of'fis-ér), v.t. To furnish with officers; to appoint officers over.

What could we expect from an army officered by Irish papists and outlaws? Addison.

Official (of-f'shal), a. [L. officialis, Fr. of feel.] 1. Pertaining to an office or public trust; as, one's official duties.-2. Derived from the proper office or officer, or from the proper authority; made or communicated

301

by virtue of authority; as, an official statement or report.-3.† Performing duties or offices; performing useful service. 'The stomach and other parts official to nutrition.' Sir T. Browne. Official (of-f'shal), n.

1. One invested with an office of a public nature; one who holds a civil appointment; as, a government ofOne of those ficial; a railway official. legislators especially odious to officials.' Lord Lytton.-2. Eccles. a judge, &c., appointed by a bishop, chapter, archdeacon, &c., with charge of the spiritual jurisdic

tion.

Officiality, Officialty (of-fl'shi-al"i-ti, of-fl'shal-ti), n. Eccles. (a) the charge or office of an official. Ayliffe. (b) The court or jurisdiction of which an official is head. Hume.

Officially (of-fi'shal-li), adv. In an official manner; by the proper officer; by virtue of the proper authority; in pursuance of the special powers vested; as, accounts or reports officially verified or rendered; letters officially communicated; persons officially notified.

Officiary (of-fi' shi-a-ri), a. Relating to an office; official. [Rare.]

Officiate (of-fi'shi-at), v.i. pret. & pp. offciated; ppr. officiating. To perform official duties; to perform such formal acts, duties, or ceremonies as pertain to an office or post. Who of the bishops or priests that officiates at the altar, in the places of their sepulchres, ever said we offer to thee Peter or Paul. Stillingfleet.

Officiate (of-fl'shi-at), v. t. To give in discharge of office, or exercise of proper functions. To officiate light (said of the stars).' Milton.

Officiator (of-fl'shi-ät-ér), n. One who officiates. Jay.

Officinal (of-fis'in-al or of-fi-si'nal), a. [Fr., from L. officina, a shop.] 1. Used in a shop, or belonging to it. Johnson.-2. In phar. a name applied to the recipes admitted into the pharmacopoeia, and in particular to the species of plants used in the preparation of recognized medical recipes. Officinal (of-fis'in-al), n. A drug or medicine sold in an apothecary's shop. Officina Sculptoris (of-fi-si'na skulp-to"ris), n. [L.] The Sculptor's Shop, a small southern constellation consisting of twelve stars. It is on the south of Cetus. Officious (of-fi'shus), a. [L. officiosus, dutiful, obliging, from officium, an office, duty, or service.] 1. Attentive; obliging; doing kind offices.

To use men with much difference and election is good; for it maketh the persons preferred more thankful, and the rest more officious, because all is of favour. Bacon.

They (the French nobility) were tolerably well bred, very officious, humane, and hospitable. Burke.

2. Excessively forward in kindness; importunately interposing services; meddling. Your are too officious

Shak.

In her behalf that scorns your services. -Officious will, a will by which a testator leaves his property to his family. Wharton. -Impertinent, Officious, Rude. See IMPER

TINENT.

Officiously (of-fl'shus-li), adv.
1. In an
officious manner; with importunate or ex-
cessive forwardness; meddlingly.

Flattering crowds officiously appear,
To give themselves, not you, a happy year.
Dryden.

2. Kindly; with solicitous care.

Let thy goats officiously be nurs'd. Dryden. 3. Dutifully; with proper service. Trusting only upon our Saviour, we act wisely and justly, gratefully and officiously. Barrow. Officiousness (of-fi 'shus-nes), n. 1. The quality of being officious; improper forwardness, interposing in affairs without being desired, or with a disposition to meddle with the concerns of others; meddlesomeness.-2. Eagerness to be of service; readiness to do kind affices.-3. † Serviceableness.

In whom is required understanding as in a man, courage and vivacity as in a lion, service and ministerial officiousness as in the ox. Sir T. Browne.

Offing (of'ing), n. [From off.] The position of a vessel, or of a portion of the sea within sight of land, relatively to the coast; that part of the sea beyond the mid-line between the coast and the horizon. A light in the offing.' Tennyson.

Offish (of'ish), a. Shy; distant in manner. [United States.]

Offlet (of let), n. A pipe laid at the level of the bottom of a canal to let off the water. Off-reckoning (of' rek-n-ing), n. Milit. a

OFTEN-BEARING

proportion of the full pay of troops retained from them, in special cases, until the period of final settlement, to cover various expected charges.

Offscouring (of'skour-ing), n. That which is scoured off; hence, refuse; rejected matter; that which is vile or despised.

Thou hast made us as the offscouring and refuse in the midst of the people. Lam. iii. 45. Offscum (of'skum), n.

Refuse; that which

is vile and despicable. "The off scum rascals of men.' Trans. of Boccalini, 1626. Off-season (of'sē-zn), n. That part or season of the year in which it is not considered fashionable to live in town; the time when no grand balls, parties, &c., are given. Thackeray.

Offset (of'set), n. 1. In surv. a perpendicular distance, measured from one of the main lines, to the hedge, fence, or extremity of an inclosure, in order to take in an irregular portion, and thus determine accurately the total area.-2. In com. a sum, account, or value set off against another sum or account, as an equivalent; hence, anything given in exchange or retaliation; a set-off.-3. In hort. a young radical bulb or shoot, which, being carefully separated from the parent roots, and planted in a proper soil, serves to propagate the species.-4. A scion; a child. 'His man-minded offset (Queen Elizabeth).' Tennyson. [Rare.]5. In arch, a horizontal break in a wall at a diminution of its thickness. See SET-OFF. 6. A spur or minor branch from a principal range of hills or mountains.

Offset (of'set), v.t. To set off; to cancel by a contrary account or sum; to balance; as, to offset one account or claim against another. Offset-staff (of'set-staf), n. In surv. a light rod, generally of wood, and measuring ten links, used for taking offsets.

Offshoot (of'shöt), n. A branch from a main stem, street, stream, and the like. 'Ofshoots from Friar Street. Mayhew. The offshoots of the Gulf-stream.' Prof. J. D. Forbes.

Off-side (of'sid), n. The farthest off side; the right hand side in driving.

Offskip (of'skip), n. In the fine arts, that part of a landscape which recedes from the spectator into distance. Fairholt. Offspring (of'spring), n. [Off and spring.] 1. A child or children; a descendant or descendants, however remote from the stock. 2. A production of any kind.

3.

Hail, holy light! offspring of heaven first-born.
Milton.

Propagation; generation. Hooker.

4.† Origin; descent; family. Fairfax. Off-street (of'strēt), n. A small street leading off from a larger one; a branch street. 'A number of off-streets and open places.' Mayhew.

Off-time (of'tīm), n. Time during which one's regular occupation is discontinued.

Same as Obfus

But the answer to his inquiry, Where's Lamps?' was either that he was 't'other side the line,' or, that Dickens. it was his off-time. Offuscate (of'fus-kāt), a. cate. Wodroephe. Offuscation + (of-fus-ka'shon), n. Same as Obfuscation. Sudden offuscations and darkenings of his senses.' Donne.

Offward (of'werd), adv. [Off and ward.] Leaning from the shore, as a ship when she is aground.

Offward (of' werd), n.

Naut. the direction towards the open sea; as, the ship lies with her stern to the offward.

Oft (oft), adv. [A. Sax. Icel. and G. oft, Icel. also opt, Dan. ofte, Sw. ofta, Goth. ufta, oft, often. Often is a later form, the -en being an adjective termination, which was added because the word was often joined with nouns.] Often; frequently; not rarely. [Poetical.]

Oft she rejects, but never once offends. Pope. Oft (oft), a. Frequent; repeated. Oft converse with heavenly habitants.' Milton. [Poetical.]

Often (of'n), adv. compar. oftener, superl. oftenest. [See OFT.] Frequently; many times; not seldom.

The queen that bore thee,
Oftener upon her knees than on her feet,
Died every day she lived.

Shak.

OFTEN-COMER

Often-comer (of'n-kum-ér), n. One who comes frequently.

Oftenness (of'n-nes), n. Frequency. The seldomness and oftenness of doing well.' Hooker.

Oftensith, adv. [Often, and sith, A. Sax. sith, time.] Oftentimes. Chaucer. Oftentide (of'n-tid), adv. Frequently; often. R. Brunne.

Oftentimes (of'n-timz), adv. [Often and times.] Frequently; often; many times. 'Whether the best men be oftentimes only, or always the most miserable.' Atterbury. Ofttimes (oft'timz), adv. [Oft and times.] Frequently; often. "Ofttimes before I hither did resort. Dryden.

O G. See OGEE.

Ogam (ogʻam), n. See OGHAM.

Ogdoad (og'do-ad), n. [Gr. ogdoas, ogdoados, the number eight.] A thing made up of eight parts, as a poem of eight lines, a body of eight persons, and the like. Ogdoastich (og-dō-as'tik), n. [Gr. ogdoos, eighth, and stichos, a verse.] A poem of eight lines. Selden. [Rare.]

Ogee (ō-jë'), n. [Fr. ogive, augive. Etymo

3

Ogee Mouldings. 1, Early English Period. 2, Decorated Period. 3, Perpendicular Period.

logy doubtful.] 1. In arch. a moulding consisting of two members, the one concave, the other convex, or of a round and a hollow; cyma. In Gothic arch. the ogee moulding assumed different forms at different periods. --Ogee

arch, in Gothic arch. an arch with a double curve, the one concave and the other convex. Ogee is frequently expressed by the two capitals O G.-2. An ornamental moul

Ogee Arch.

ding in the shape of an S, used on guns, mortars, and howitzers.

Ogganition (og-ga-ni'shon), n. [L. obgannio, ogganio, to growl.] The murmuring of a dog; a grumbling or snarling.

Nor will I abstain, notwithstanding your oggani tion, to follow the steps and practice of antiquity. Bp. Mountagu. Ogham (og'ham), n. 1. A particular kind of writing practised by the ancient Irish and some other Celtic nations. Its characters (also called oghams) consist principally of lines or groups of lines deriving their significance from their position on a single stem or chief line, under, over, or through which they are drawn either perpendicular or oblique; curves rarely occur.-2. A particular mode of speech.

The ancient Irish also used an obscure mode of speaking, which was likewise called ogham. Dr. O'Donovan.

Spelled also Ogam.

Ogham Inscription, from a stone found near Ennis.

Ogival (ō'jiv-al), a. In arch. of or pertaining to an ogive or ogee.

The later Gothic or flamboyant architecture is termed by the French antiquaries ogival, from the constant appearance of ogee arches and mouldings. Fairholt.

Ogive (ō'jiv), n. [Fr.] In arch. a term used by French architects to denote the Gothic or pointed arch, the rib of a vault, &c. Ogle (o'gl), v.t. pret. & pp. ogled; ppr. ogling. [Origin not clear; comp. L.G. oegeln, to eye, G. äugeln, to ogle, from auge, the eye.] To view with side glances, as in fondness or with a design to attract notice.

And ogling all their audience, then they speak.
Dryden.

302

Ogle (ō'gl), v.i. To cast side glances as in fondness or with a design to attract notice.

Dick heard, and tweedling, ogling, bridling,
Turning short round, strutting, and sideling,
Attested glad his approbation.
Cowper.

Ogle (ō'gl), n. A side glance or look.

Ogler (ō'glėr), n.

I teach the church ogle in the morning, and the play-house ogle by candle-light. I have also brought over with me a new-flying ogle fit for the ring, Addison. One that ogles. Jack was a prodigious ogler; he would ogle you the outside of his eye inward, and the white upward. Arbuthnot. Ogliot (ō'li-ō), n. Same as Olio. Like great oglios, they rather serve to make a show than provoke appetite. Suckling. Ogre (ō'gér), n. [Fr. ogre, an ogre, said to be from ocrus, by transposition for L. Orcus, the god of the infernal regions, hell.] An imaginary monster or hideous malignant giant of popular legends, who lived on human flesh; hence, one supposed to resemble an ogre.

Dickens.

'He's the most hideous, goggle-eyed creature, Mrs. Todgers, in existence,' resumed Merry; 'quite ar ogre. The ugliest, awkwardest, frightfullest being you can imagine.' Ogreish (ō'ger-ish), a. Resembling or suggestive of an ogre.

There is an ogreish kind of jocularity in Grandfather Smallweed to-day. Dickens. Ogreism, Ogrism (ō'gér-izm), n. The character or practices of ogres.

Ogress (o'gres), n. [Fr. ogresse.] A female

ogre.

Ogress (ō'gres), n. [O.Fr. ogoesse.] In her. a cannon-ball or pellet of a black colour. Ogygia (ō-jij'i-a), n. [See OGYGIAN.] A name given to a genus of Silurian trilobites, from the obscurity of their character. Ogygian (ō-jij'i-an), a. 1. Pertaining to Ogyges, a legendary monarch in Greece about whom little is certainly known; and to a great deluge in Attica, said to have taken place in his reign.—2. Óf great and dark antiquity.

Oh (0), exclam. Denoting surprise, pain, sorrow, or anxiety. See O.

Ohm, Ohmad (ōm, ōm'ad), n. [From Ohm, the propounder of the law known by his name.] In elect, a technical name for a certain amount of electric resistance, equal to the British Association unit of resistance. Thus practical electricians talk of a piece of cable having 10 ohmads, or more frequently 10 ohms, of resistance, meaning thereby that its resistance is equal to that of 10 British Association units. Ohm's Law (ōmz lą), n.

In elect. an important law propounded by Ohm, referring to the causes that tend to impede the action of a voltaic battery. It is that 'the intensity of an electric current, when a battery is in action, is directly as the whole electromotive force in operation, and inversely as the sum of all the impediments to conduction.' -Oid (oid). [Gr. suffix -o-eides, from eidos, form, shape.] A suffix signifying resemblance; as, adenoid, gland-like. Oidemia (oi-de'mi-a), n. [Gr. oidēma, a swelling: so called from the beak being swollen at the base.] A genus of web-footed birds, containing the scoter-duck and others. See SCOTER.

Oidium (ō-id'i-um), n. [Gr. oideo, to swell up.] The name given by Link to a genus of microscopic fungi of the section Hyphomycetes. 0. Tuckeri is the vine-mildew, parasitical, in the form of a white and very delicate layer, upon the leaves and green parts of vines, and destroying the functions of the skin of the part it attacks. This species has its name from Mr. Tucker, who first carefully observed its growth in his own vineries in Kent. The name is sometimes given to the disease itself. (See VINE-DISEASE.) 0. albicans is found on the epithelium of the mouth and throat in the disease called aphtha or thrush, as also on that of the throat in diphtheria.

Oil (oil), n. [From O. Fr. oile, oille, L. oleum, oil. The word appears in many languages, and it is not always easy to determine when it has been borrowed: A. Sax. ele, al, D. and Dan. olie, Icel. olia, G. oel, Goth. alev, Pol. olev, Gael. uill, W. olew, Gr. elaion, olive-oil, elaia, the olive-tree.] A neutral body formed within living animal or vegetable organisms, and which is liquid at ordinary temperatures, having a more or less viscid consistence, is insoluble in water, but dissolves in alcohol, more readily in ether, and takes fire when heated in air,

OIL-COAL

-burning with a more or less luminous flame. The oils are usually divided into the fat or fixed oils, and the volatile or essential oils. The name oil is also popularly given to certain inflammable substances, such as naphtha or petroleum (mineral oils). Fat oils are subdivided into the drying and the non-drying oils. The former class includes all oils which thicken when exposed to the air through the absorption of oxygen, and are converted thereby into varnish, as for example linseed, nut, poppy, and hempseed oil. The non-drying oils when exposed to the air also undergo a change resulting in the formation of acrid, disagreeably smelling, acid substances. This decomposition, which is only partial, seems to be brought about by the presence of cellular matter derived from the plant or animal which has yielded the oil, this substance acting as a ferment on the fatty matter, and such acids as butyric, caproic, valerianic, &c., being thereby produced. The fixed vegetable oils are generally prepared by subjecting the seeds of the plant to pressure; the animal oils are, for the most part, the fluid parts of the fat of the animal. Vegetable fixed oils are lighter than water, unctuous and insipid, or nearly so; they all consist of two proximate principles, stearine and elaine. They are sources of artificial light, and when acted on by an alkali form soaps. Volatile oils are generally obtained by distilling the vegetables which afford them with water; they are acrid, caustic, aromatic, and limpid; they are mostly soluble in alcohol, forming essences. They boil at a temperature considerably above that of boiling water, some of them undergoing partial decomposition. A few of them, such as oil of turpentine, of lemon peel, of capivi balsam, &c., are hydrocarbons; the greater number, however, contain oxygen as one of their ultimate elements. They are chiefly used in medicine and perfumery; and a few of them are extensively employed in the arts as vehicles for colours, and in the manufacture of varnishes, especially oil of turpentine.-Oil of talc, a nostrum formerly famous as a cosmetic, probably because that mineral, when calcined, became very white, and was considered a fit substitute for ceruse.

He should have brought me some fresh oil of talc, These ceruses are common. Massinger.

Oil (oil), v.t. To smear or rub over with oil; to lubricate or saturate with oil; to anoint with oil. Oiled silk, silk prepared with oil, &c., so as to be impervious to moisture and air, used as a covering for wet applications to wounds to prevent evaporation, for making balloons, lining hats, &c.-Oiled paper, paper besmeared with oil so as to render it transparent, used for tracing pur

poses.

Oil-bag (oil'bag), . A bag, cyst, or gland in animals containing oil.

Oil-beetle (oil'bē-tl), n. The name given to coleopterous insects of the genus Meloë, and the family Cantharidæ, from the oilylike matter which they exude. The perfect insects have swollen bodies, with shortish elytra, which lap more or less over each other, and have not a straight suture, as in most coleopterous insects.

Oil-bird (oil'bėrd), n. The Steatornis Caripensis, Trinidad "goat-sucker or guacharo (which see).

Oil-box (oil boks), n. In mach. a box containing a supply of oil for a journal, and feeding it by means of a wick or other device. E. H. Knight.

Oil-cake (oil'kāk), n. A cake or mass of compressed linseed or rape, poppy, mustard, cotton, and other seeds from which oil has been extracted. Linseed-cake is much used in this country as a food for cattle, its value as a fattening substance being greater than that of any kind of grain or pulse. Rapecake is used as a fattening food for sheep. These and other oil-cakes are also valuable as manures.-Oil-cake mill, a mill for crumbling down oil-cake.

Oil-can (oil'kan), n. A can for holding oil; specifically, a small can of various shapes, provided with a long narrow tapering spout, used for lubricating machinery, &c.; an oiler.

Oil-cloth (oil'kloth), n. Painted canvas for floor covering, &c. See FLOOR-CLOTH. Oil-coal, Oil-shale (oil'kōl, oil'shäl), n. A coal or shale which yields a high proportion of oil in distillation. The coals are chiefly Oil-coals of the varieties called cannel. yield from 25 up to 100 gallons of oil per ton.

OIL-COLOUR

Oil-colour (oil'kul-ér), n. A colour or pigment made by grinding a colouring substance in oil. See OIL-PAINTING.

Oil-cup (oil'kup), n. In mach. a cup-formed termination of the stuffing-box, through which any rod, as a piston-rod, works, to contain oil to lubricate it.

Oiler (oil'èr), n. 1. One who deals in oils. 2. An oil-can.

Oilery (oil'ér-i), n. The commodities of an

oilman.

Oil-fuel (oil'fù-el), n. Oil in the shape of refined or crude petroleum, shale-oil, naphthaline, creosote, grease, residuum tar, and the like, employed for fuel. Such fuels have been proposed for the furnaces of steamships. Oil possesses many obvious advantages over coal in respect of smallness of bulk, and consequent economy of space and weight, rapidity in raising steam, absence of ash, &c., but the questions of its safety and cheapness are not yet determined. Oil-gas (oil'gas), n. The inflammable gas and vapour (chiefly hydrocarbon) obtained by passing fixed oils through red-hot tubes, and which may be used as coal-gas for the purposes of illumination.

Oiliness (oil'i-nes), n. The quality of being oily; unctuousness; greasiness; oleaginous

ness.

Oillet, Oillette (oil'et), n. [Fr. œillet, from ceil, an eye. ] Small openings in the walls of fortified buildings of the middle ages, through which missiles were discharged against assailants. Written also Oylets. Oilman (oil'man), n. One who deals in oils. Oil-mill (oil'mil), n. A mill for expressing vegetable oils.

Oil-nut (oil'nut), n. A name given to various nuts and seeds yielding oil, and to plants producing them; as, (a) The butter-nut of North America. See BUTTER-NUT. (b) The buffalo-nut of North America, a plant belonging to the nat. order Santalaceae. (c) The castor-oil plant. (d) The oil-palm. Oilous, a. Oily; oleaginous. "Oilous juice.' Gerarde.

Oil-painting (oil'pant-ing), n. 1. The art of painting with oil-colours, which are the kind most commonly used for large pictures. This art has the pre-eminence above all other kinds of painting on account of the power and truth to nature of which it is capable. The various colours chiefly used in oil-painting are white-lead, Cremnitz white, chrome, king's-yellow, Naples yellow, patent yellow, the ochres, Dutch pink, terra da Sienna, yellow lake, vermilion, red-lead, Indian and Venetian red, the several sorts of lake, brown, pink, Vandyke brown, burnt and unburnt amber, ultramarine, Prussian and Antwerp blue, ivory-black, blue-black, asphaltum. The principal oils are those extracted from the poppy, walnut, and linseed, the latter being used for the groundwork.-2. A picture painted in oil-colours. Oil-paintings have often been made upon wood, copper, and other metals, as also upon walls and thick silk, but they are now most commonly executed upon canvas, stretched upon a frame, and done over (or primed) with a kind of size mixed with paint of a drab or white colour. Oil-palm (oil'päm), n. A palm of the genus Elis (E. guineensis), whose fruit yields palm-oil. See ELEIS, PALM-OIL. Oil-press (oil'pres), n. A mill or machine for squeezing out oil from seeds or pulp. Oil-pump (oil'pump), n. In mach. a pump to raise oil from a reservoir and discharge it on to a journal. E. H. Knight. Oil-seed (oil'sēd), n. The seed of the Ricinus communis, or castor-oil plant; castorbean. Also the seed of Guizotia oleifera, a composite plant cultivated in India and Abyssinia on account of its oily seeds. Oil-shale. See OIL-COAL.

Oil-skin (oil'skin), n. Waterproof cloth; prepared leather or linen for making garments to keep out the rain. Oil-spring (oil'spring), n. A spring which yields mineral oils, such as petroleum, naphtha, &c.

Oil-stone (oil'ston), n. A slab of fine-grained stone used for imparting a keen edge to tools, and so called because oil is used for lubricating its rubbing surface. Oil-tree (oil'trē), n. 1. The Ricinus communis, from the seeds of which castor-oil is expressed.-2. An Indian tree, Bassia longifolia, from the seeds of which a thick oil is expressed, which the Hindus use for their lamps, for soap, and for cooking.-3. The oil-palm.

303

Oil-well (oil'wel), n. A well sunk into an oil-bearing mineral bed for the reception of the petroleum or mineral oil which flows or filters into it. The most productive oil-wells are in Venango county, Pennsylvania. Some of the best wells are 500 feet below the surface.

Oily (oil'i), a. 1. Consisting of oil; containing oil; having some of the qualities of oil; as, oily matter; an oily fluid.-2. Resembling oil; as, an oily appearance.-3. Fat; greasy. This oily rascal (Falstaff-alluding to his corpulence). Shak. 'A little, round, fat, oily man of God.' Thomson.-4. Fig. Unctuous; smooth; insinuatingly and smoothly sanctimonious; blandly and hypocritically pious; unwholesomely fawning. 'Glib and oily art.' Shak. 'His oily compliance.' Fuller.

She had forgiven his pharisaical arrogance, and even his greasy face and oily vulgar manner.

Dickens.

Oily-grain (oil'i-grăn), n. A plant, Sesamum indicum, of nat. order Pedalineæ. Its seeds contain an abundance of fixed oil, which is expressed in Egypt in great quantities.

Oinement, n. Ointment. Chaucer. Ointt (oint), v. t. [Fr. oindre, pp. oint, from L. ungo, to anoint, as joindre, joint, from jungo, to join.] To anoint; to smear with an unctuous substance.

They oint their naked limbs with mother'd oil. Dryden. Ointment (oint'ment), n. [From oint, to anoint (see above); see also UNCTION.] Any soft unctuous substance or compound used for smearing, particularly the body or a diseased part; an unguent.

Oisanite (oi'san-it), n. Pyramidical ore of titanium.

O.K. A cant or slang abbreviation of All Correct (Oll Korrect).

A matter to be 0.K. must be on the square and all things done in order. F. C. Hotten. Oke (ōk), n. 1. An Egyptian and Turkish weight, equal to about 24 lbs.-2. In Hungary and Walachia, a measure of about 2} pints.

Okenite (ō'ken-it), n. [In honour of Lorenz Oken, a German naturalist.] A massive and fibrous mineral of a white colour, with a shade of yellow or blue, consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of lime; a variety of dysclasite. Dana.

See OCHRA.

Okert (o'kér). Ochre. Okra, Okro (ok'ra, ok'rō), n. Olanín (ōl'an-in), n. [L. oleum, oil.] One of the ingredients of the fetid empyreumatic oil obtained by distilling bone and some other animal matters. Brande. Old † (öld). For Wold. Shak. Old (old), a. [A. Sax. ald, eald, Sc. auld, O.Sax. ald, O.Fris. old, auld, D. oud, G. alt, Goth. altheis, old; Icel. aldinn, old, aldr, age. Originally a part. of a verb corresponding to Goth. alan, aljan, to nourish; akin to L. alo, to nourish, and altus, lofty, for alitus, pp. of alo.] 1. Advanced far in years or life; having lived till toward the end of the ordinary term of living for an individual of the kind spoken of: applied to animals or plants; as, an old man; an old camel or horse; an old tree.-2. Not new or fresh; having been long made or produced; having existed for a long time; as, an old garment; an old house; an old friendship; old wine.

They that do change old love for new, Pray gods, they change for worse. G. Peele. 3. Formerly existent; not modern; ancient; as, the old inhabitants of Britain; the old Romans.-4. Of any duration whatever; as, a year old; seven years old.

These things follow each other by a general law, which is not as old as the hills, to be sure, but as old as the people who walk up and down them.

Thackeray.

5. Subsisting before something else; former; as, he built a new house on the site of the old one.-6. Long practised; experienced; as, old in vice; an old offender.-7. That has been long cultivated; as, old land.-8. Having the thoughts or feelings of an old person; thoughtful; sensible; as, an old head on young shoulders. Theo, who has always been so composed, and so clever, and so old for her age." Thackeray.-9. Crafty; cunning. [Colloq]-10. A familiar term of affection or cordiality; as, dear old fellow; cheer up, poor old boy. Go thy ways, old lad.' Shak.-11. More than enough; copious; frequent; abundant: an old colloquialism.

If a man were porter of hell-gate, he should have old turning of the key. Shak. Here will be an old abusing of God's patience and the king's English. Shak.

OLDISH

-Of old, long ago; from ancient time. Macaulay.

The Romans were like brothers

In the brave days of old. -Old age, the portion of a person's life during which he can be called old; advanced years. Old bachelor, an unmarried man somewhat advanced in years.-Old Catholics, the name first assumed by a party in the Church of Rome who, led by Dr. Döllinger, professor of ecclesiastical history at Munich, refused to accept the decree of the Vatican Council of 1870, teaching and defining the universal jurisdiction and personal infallibility of the pope.-Old continent, (a) the continent of Europe. (b) The mass of land forming the eastern hemisphere, in contradistinction to the new continent, consisting of North and South America. Old country, a name given in the United States and the colonies to Great Britain and Ireland, and also used of other countries in relation to their colonies.-The old gentleman, the devil.

Better far had it been the old gentleman in full equipage of horns, hoofs, and tail. Charlotte Bronté.

-Old maid, an unmarried woman no longer young. The old man of the sea, the old man who leaped on the back of Sinbad the sailor, clinging thereto and refusing to dismount. Sinbad released himself by making the old man drunk. Hence, fig. any intolerable burden or bore which one cannot get rid of.

man.

But no one can rid himself of the preaching clergyHe is the bore of the age, the old man of the sea whom we Sinbads cannot shake off. Trollope. -Old Nick, the devil. See NICK.-Old red sandstone. See SANDSTONE.-Old school, a school or party belonging to a former time, or having the character, manner, or opinions of a bygone age; as, a gentleman of the old school.-Old song, a mere trifle; a nominal price; as, he got it for an old song.-Old sow, the popular name of a plant, Melilotus carulea. See MELILOTUS. Old style. See STYLE.-Old Testament, that part of the Bible which contains the collected works of the inspired writers who lived before Christ. -Old Tom, a strong variety of London gin. -Old wife, (a) a prating old woman; as, old wives' fables. (b) A man having the habits or opinions peculiar to old women. (c) An apparatus for curing smoky chimneys; a chimney-cap or cowl. (d) A fish of the wrasse kind, of the genus Labrus, and another of the genus Balistes or trigger-fish.

Old World, the eastern hemisphere, comprising Europe, Asia, and Africa: so called from being that in which civilization first arose-Ancient, Old, Antique, Antiquated, Obsolete. See ANCIENT.-SYN. Aged, ancient, pristine, original, primitive, antique, antiquated, old-fashioned, obsolete. Old-clothesman (ölá'klöтHz-man), n. A man who purchases cast-off garments, which, after being repaired, are sold to poor perThose too bad for repair are sold to paper-makers, torn up to make shoddy, or sold for manure.

sons.

Olden (öld'n), a. Old; ancient; as, the

olden time.

Olden (öld'n), v.i. To grow old; to age; to assume an older appearance or character; to become affected by age.

In six weeks he oldened more than he had done for fifteen years before. Thackeray. His feelings are not in the least changed or oldened. Thackeray. Olden (öld'n), v.t. To age; to cause to appear old. Old-fashioned (õld-fash'ond), a. 1. Formed according to obsolete fashion or custom; as, an old-fashioned dress.-2. Partaking of the old style or old school; characterized by antiquated fashions or customs. 'Oldfashioned poetry.' Iz. Walton.

He is one of those old-fashioned men of wit.
Addison.

Old-gentlemanly (öld-jen'tl-man-li), a.
Pertaining to an old gentleman, or like one.
So for a good old-gentlemanly vice,

Byron.

I think I must take up with avarice. Oldham (öld'ham), n. A cloth so called from the town in which it was first manufactured. It was of coarse construction. Oldhamia (ōld-ham'i-a), n. [After Professor Oldham, who first detected it.] A fossil zoophyte of the lowest Silurian or Cambrian system, by some supposed to have been a hydrozoon allied to Sertularia, but by Huxley classed with the Polyzoa. Oldish (öld'ish), a. Somewhat old; as, an oldish man.

OLD-MAIDISH

Old-maidish (õld-mäd'ish), a. Like an old maid; characteristic of an old maid. Oldness (öld'nes), n. The state of being old in any of the senses of the word: (a) an advanced state of life or existence; old age; as, the oldness of a man, of an elephant, or a tree. (b) The state of a long continuance; antiquity; as, the oldness of a building or a garment.

Old-oil (öld'oil), n. The name given by watchmakers to olive-oil after it has been purified and rendered limpid. Old-saidt (öld'sed), a. Long since said; said of old. Spenser.

Oldster (öld'ster), n. [Formed on type of youngster.] An old or oldish person; a man past middle life. [Colloquial.] Old-world (ōld-wèrld'), a. Belonging to a prehistoric or far bygone age; antiquated; old-fashioned. Old-world mammoths bulked in ice.' Tennyson. 'Old-world trains, upheld at court.' Tennyson. Olea (ō'le-a), n. [L., the olive-tree.] The systematic name of the olive, a genus of plants, nat. order Oleaceæ. See OLIVE. Oleaceæ (ō-lē-á'sē-ē), n. pl. [From olea, one of the genera.] Anat. order of monopetalous exogenous plants, allied to or united with Jasminacea, and chiefly inhabiting temperate climates. They are shrubs or trees, with opposite simple or compound leaves, and small flowers. The species of the order best known in this country are the olive (Olea europaea), the lilac (Syringa vulgaris), the evergreen phillyrea, the privet (Ligustrum), and the ash (Fraxinus). The flowers are frequently slightly fragrant. The bark of the olive, but especially of the ash, is very bitter and astringent, and highly celebrated as a febrifuge. The purgative called manna is a solidified discharge from the bark of several species of ash, especially from Fraxinus ornus. The young fruits of the lilac form an infusion scarcely inferior to gentian. Oleaginous (ō-lē-aj'in-us), a. [L. oleaginus, from oleum, oil.] 1. Having the qualities of oil; oily; unctuous.-2. Fig. applied to persons, manners, and the like; smoothly and hypocritically sanctimonious; unwholesomely and affectedly fawning; oily.

The lank party who snuffles the responses with such oleaginous sanctimony. Farrar. Oleaginousness (ō-lē-aj'in-us-nes), n. The state of being oleaginous or oily; oiliness. Oleamen (ō-lē'a-men), n. [L. oleum, oil.] A liniment or soft unguent prepared from oil. Oleamide (ō-lē'a-mid), n. [L. oleum, oil, and E. amide.] (C18 H35 NO.) An amide obtained by the action of alcoholic ammonia on the oil of almonds, or the oil of hazelnuts, &c. It forms crystalline nodules, which become yellow and rancid on being exposed to the air. It is insoluble in water, but dissolves easily in warm alcohol. Oleander (ō-le-an'dér), n. [Fr. oléandre; L.L. arodandrum, in Isidore lorandrum, by corruption for rhododendron (which see). Littre.] A plant of the nat, order Apocynaceæ, genus Nerium, the N. Oleander, known also by the name of rose-bay, a beautiful evergreen shrub, with flowers in clusters, of a fine colour, but of an indifferent smell. The plant, especially the bark of the root, is medicinal and poisonous. See NERIUM.

Oleaster (ō-lē-as'tèr), n. [L., from olea, the olive-tree.] Wild olive, an old name for Elæagnus, a genus of plants belonging to the nat. order Eleagnaceae (which see). The species have a resemblance to the olive, hence the name. E. angustifolia is a low tree, with yellow flowers, which emit a strong scent, especially at night. E. orientalis yields a large fruit, used in Persia as an article of dessert under the name of zinzeyd. E. arborea and conferta also yield fruits, which are eaten in Nepal. Oleate (ō'lē-at), n. A salt of oleic acid. Olecranal (ō-lek'ra-nal), a. Pertaining to the olecranon.

Olecranon (ō-lek'ra-non), n. [Gr. olene, the ulna, and kranon, the head.] In anat. the head of the ulna, a process of one of the bones of the forearm, forming part of the elbow-joint.

Olefiant (ō-lē'fi-ant), a. [L. oleum, oil, and facio, to make.] Forming or producing oil. -Olefiant gas, the name originally given to ethylene or heavy carburetted hydrogen. It is a compound of carbon and hydrogen in the proportion expressed by the formula CH4, and is obtained by heating a mixture of two measures of sulphuric acid and one of alcohol. It was discovered in 1796. It is

304

colourless, tasteless, and combustible. It is so called from its property of forming with chlorine an oily compound, CH4Cl2, the oil of the Dutch chemists. It has an aromatic odour not unlike that of oil of caraways.

Olefine (ō'lé-fin), n. A general name of hydrocarbons of the formula CnH2n, homologous with ethylene: so called from their property of forming oily compounds with bromine and chlorine, like Dutch liquid. Oleic (ō-lē'ik), a. Pertaining to or derived from oil.-Oleic acid (C18H3402), an acid resulting from the action of linseed and some other oils upon potash, and during the formation of soap. It is an oily liquid, having a slight smell and a pungent taste. Of all the oily acids it is the most easily decomposed. It enters largely into the composition of soaps, forming with potash soft soap and with soda hard soap. Oleiferous (ō-le-if'èr-us), a. Producing oil; as, oleiferous seeds. Oleine (o'lé-in), n. [L. oleum, oil.] One of the most widely distributed of the natural fats. It is the trioleic ether of the alcohol glycerine, and has the formula C3 H (C18 HO). Oleine becomes liquid at 100° C. Called also Elaine.

Oleograph (ō'lē-ō-graf), n. [L. oleum, oil, and Gr. grapho, to write.] A picture produced in oils by a process analogous to that of lithographic printing. Oleomargarin, Oleomargarine (ō'lē-ōmar" ga-rin), n. [L. oleum, oil, and E. margarin.] A substitute for butter prepared by chopping clean animal fat fine and boiling it; when cool it is churned with pure fresh milk, washed, worked over, salted and packed for the market. It has been claimed for this compound that when well prepared from fresh sound material it is scarcely distinguishable from pure butter, that it is a perfectly wholesome article of food, and that from its superior keeping qualities it is peculiarly adapted for exportation to warm climates. Oleometer (ō-lē-om'et-ér), n. [L. oleum, oil, and Gr. metron, a measure.] An instrument to ascertain the weight and purity of oil; an elæometer.

Oleon (ō'lē-on), n. A liquid obtained by the distillation of a mixture of oleine and lime.

Oleo-phosphoric (ō'lē-ō-fos-for'ik), a. Applied to an oily acid contained in the brain. It is a compound of oleine and phosphoric

acid.

Oleoptene (ō-le-op'tēn), n. Same as Elooptene.

Oleoresin (ō'lē-ō-re-zn), n. [L. oleum, oil, and E. resin (which see).] A natural mixture of an essential oil and a resin, forming the vegetable balsams.

Oleosaccharum (ō'lē-ō-sak”ka-rum), n. A mixture of oil and sugar.

Oleose, Oleous (o'le-os, ō'lē-us), a. [L. oleosus, from oleum, oil.] Oily; having the . nature or character of oil. Oleosity (ō-le-os'i-ti), n. The quality of being oily or fat; oiliness; fatness.

How knew you him? By his viscosity,

His oleosity, and his suscitability. B. Jonson. Oleraceous (ol-ér-a'shus), a. [L. oleraceus, from olus, oleris, pot-herbs.] In bot. applied to plants having esculent properties, such as are fit for kitchen use, or having the nature of a pot-herb. Olfact (ol-fakt), v.t. [L. olfacto, olfaciooleo, to smell, and facio, to make.] To smell: used in burlesque. Hudibras. Olfaction (ol-fak'shon), n. The sense of smell; smelling. Olfactive (ol-fakʼtiv), a. Same as Olfactory. Olfactor (ol-fak'ter), n. The organ of smell; the nose. [Rare.]

If thy nose, Sir Spirit, were anything more than the ghost of an olfactor, I would offer thee a pinch (of snuff). Southey. Olfactory (ol-fak'to-ri), a. [L. olfacio, olfac tum, to smell, from ol in oleo, to smell, and facio, to make: ol is the same root as in odour, and in Gr. ozō, to smell.] Pertaining to smelling; having the sense of smelling; as, olfactory or first pair of nerves, properly olfactory lobes, the nerves coming off directly above the ethmoid bone. They arise from the part of the brain called corpora striata, and numerous filaments from them, perforating the ethmoid bone, are distributed over the mucous membrane of the nose. Olfactory (ol-fak'to-ri), n. An organ of smelling.

OLITORY

Oliban (ol'i-ban), n. Same as Olibanum. Olibanum (o-lib'a-num), n. [L.L. olibanum -probably contr. from L. oleum, oil, and libanus, frankincense, from Heb. lebónah, Ar. lubán, frankincense.] A gum resin used as incense; frankincense. See FRANKINCENSE.

Olid, Olidous (ol′id, ol′id-us), a. [L. olidus, from oleo, to smell.] Having a strong disagreeable smell. Sir T. Browne; Boyle. [Rare.]

Olifaunt,† Oliphant,† n. Elephant. Chau

cer.

Oligamia (ol-i-gë'mi-a), n. [Gr. oligos, little, and haima, blood.] In pathol. that state of the system in which there is a deficiency of blood.

Oligandrous (ol-i-gan'drus), a. [Gr. oligos, few, and aner, andros, a male.] In bot. applied to a plant that has fewer than twenty stamens.

Oligarch (ol'i-gärk), n. A member of an oligarchy; one of a few in power. Oligarchal (ol-i-gär'kal), ā. Same as Oligarchic.

Oligarchic, Oligarchical (ol-i-gär’kik, ol-igar kik-al), a. Pertaining to oligarchy, or government by a few.

Oligarchist (ol'i-gär-kist), n. An advocate or supporter of oligarchy.

Oligarchy (ol'i-gar-ki), n. [Gr. oligarchia oligos, few, and arche, rule.] A form of government in which the supreme power is placed in the hands of a small exclusive class; those who form such a class or body.

ates.

By the great body of the clergy he was regarded as the ablest and most intrepid tribune that had ever defended their rights against the oligarchy of prelMacaulay. Oligist (ol'i-jist), n. [Fr. oligiste, fer ogiliste, from Gr. oligistos, least, from being poor in metal.] A crystallized oxide of iron comprising the common specular iron-ore and the micaceous specular iron-ore; also, hematite having a crystalline structure. Oligistic (ol-i-jist'ik), a. Of or pertaining to oligist, or specular iron-ore. Oligocene (o-li'gō-sen), a. [Gr. oligos, little, and kainos, recent.] In geol. slightly recent; somewhat more recent than eocene: specifically applied to certain tertiary beds held to be intermediate between the eocene and miocene, namely, the Osborne, Headon, and Bembridge beds of the eocene and the lower miocene group. These beds are best developed in Germany.

Oligochata (o-li'gō-kē"ta), n. pl. [Gr. oligos, few, and chaite, hair.] An order of Annelida, comprising the earth-worms, in which there are few setæ or bristles.

Oligoclase (o-li'gō-klās), n. [Gr. oligos, small, and klasis, a fracture.] A soda-lime felspar, the soda predominating; it occurs in granite, porphyry, and other metamorphic and volcanic rocks. Called also Soda-felspar.

Oligocythæma (o-li'gō-si-thē"ma), n. [Gr. oligos, few, kytos, a cell, and haima, blood.] In pathol. a condition of the blood in which there is a paucity of red corpuscles. Oligodon (o-lig'o-don), n. [Gr. oligos, little, few, and odous, odontos, a tooth.] A genus of small serpents, family Colubridae; the spotted adder.

Oligonite, Oligon-spar (ol'i-gon-it, ol′igon-spär), n. A variety of siderite or sparry iron ore, carbonate of iron, containing twenty-five per cent of protoxide of manganese, found at Ehrenfriedersdorf in Saxony.

Oligospermous (o-lig'ō-spèr-mus), a. [Gr. oligos, few, and sperma, seed.] In bot. having few seeds.

Oligotrophy (o-li-got'ro-fi), n. [Gr. oligos, little, and trophe, nourishment.] Deficiency of nourishment.

Olio (ō'li-o), n. [From Sp. olla, Pg. olha (both pron. olya), a dish of meat boiled or stewed; L. olla, a pot.] 1. A dish of stewed meat.

Besides a good olio, the dishes were trifling, .. not at all fit for an English stomach. Evelyn.

2. A mixture; a medley. 'This olio of a play, this unnatural mixture of comedy and tragedy.' Dryden.-3. A miscellany; a collection of various pieces: chiefly applied to a musical collection. Oliphant (ol'i-fant), n. [Old form of elephant.] An obsolete musical instrument of the horn kind, so called because it was made of ivory.

Olitory (ol'i-to-ri), a. [L. olitorius, olitory, from olus, pot-herbs.] Produced in or belonging to a kitchen-garden; as, olitory