ORD

stance called orceine, which contains nitrogen as an essential element besides that of the ammonia. On the addition of acetic acid orceine is precipitated as a brownishred powder.

Ordt (ord), n. [A. Sax. See ODD.] A point; a beginning.

Ordain (or-dan), v. t. [O.E. ordeyne, ordeine, O.Fr. ordener (Mod. Fr. ordonner), from L. ordino, to order, from ordo, ordinis, order.] 1. To set in order; to arrange; to prepare. All things that we ordained festival

Turn from their office to black funeral;
Our instruments to melancholy bells,

Our wedding cheer to a sad burial feast. Shak. 2. To decree; to give order or directions for; to appoint: often used of the decrees of Providence or fate. A holy maid, ordained to raise this siege.' Shak. 'Ordained to eternal life.' Acts xiii. 48.

Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month. I Ki. xii. 32. And doth the power that man adores Ordain their doom? Byron. 3. To establish; to institute. 'When first this order (the Garter) was ordained.' Shak. "That Malmutius which ordained our laws.' Shak.-4. To set apart for an office; to appoint. Being ordained his special governor.' Shak.

Jesus ordained twelve that they should be with him. Mark iii. 14. Specifically-5. To invest with ministerial or sacerdotal functions; to introduce and establish or settle in the pastoral office with the customary forms and solemnities; as, to ordain a minister of the gospel.

Bp. Stilling fleet. Capable of

Meletius was ordained by Arian bishops, and yet his ordination was never questioned. Ordainable (or-dan'a-bl), a. being ordained or appointed. Ordainer (or-dan'èr), n. One who ordains, decrees, institutes, or establishes; one who appoints or invests with sacerdotal powers.

The performance of wholesome laws must needs bring great commendation to the author and or dainer of them. Barrow.

Ordaining (or-dan'ing), a. Performing the ceremony of ordination; having the right or power to ordain; as, an ordaining council. Ordainment (or-dan'ment), n. The act of ordaining; appointment; ordination. Milton.

Ordal,† n. Ordeal. Chaucer.

Ordaliant (or-da'li-an), a. Relating to trial by ordeal.

To make the sword arbiter of such differences, were no better than to revive the old ordalian trial used by our heathen ancestors. Bp. Hall.

Orde, tn. Same as Ord. Chaucer. Ordeal (or'de-al), n. [A. Sax. ordeel, ordal, judgment, decision, ordeal; like D. oordeel, G. urtheil, a judgment, decision, formed from a prepositional prefix meaning out (A. Sax. or, Icel. ör, ór, Goth. us), and a verb meaning to deal, divide, distribute. See DEAL.] 1. An ancient form of trial to determine guilt or innocence, practised by the rude nations of Europe, and still practised in the East and by various savage tribes. In England there were two principal kinds of ordeal, fire-ordeal and water-ordeal; the former being confined to persons of higher rank, the latter to the common people. Both might be performed by deputy, but the principal was to answer for the success of the trial. Fire-ordeal was performed either by taking in the hand a piece of red-hot iron, or by walking barefoot and blindfold over nine red-hot ploughshares laid lengthwise at unequal distances; and if the person escaped unhurt, he was adjudged innocent, otherwise he was condemned as guilty. Water-ordeal was performed either by plunging the bare arm to the elbow in boiling water, escape from injury being considered proof of innocence; or by casting the person suspected into a river or pond, and if he floated without an effort to swim it was an evidence of guilt, but if he sunk he was acquitted. It was at last condemned as unlawful by the canon law, and in England it was abolished by an order in council of Henry III. It is probable our proverbial phrase, to go through fire and water, denoting severe trial or danger, is derived from the ordeal; as also the trial of witches by water. Besides the fire-ordeal and water-ordeal, various other kinds of ordeal were practised in ancient times.-2. A severe trial; trying circumstances; a strict test; as, to meet those whom he had betrayed was an ordeal that he could not face.

320

Ordeal (or de-al), a. Pertaining to trial by ordeal. 'Ordeal laws.' Hakewill. Ordeal-bean, Ordeal-nut (or'de-al-ben, or'dē-al-nut), n. The seed of the Calabar beantree (Physostigma venenosum), nat. order Leguminosae. See CALABAR BEAN. Ordeal-root (or'de-al-röt), n. The root of a species of Strychnos, used as an ordeal by the natives of Western Africa. Ordeal-tree (or'de-al-tre), n. The name applied to two poisonous trees: (a) the Erythrophlæum guineense of Guinea; and (b) the Tanghinia venenifera of Madagascar. Order (order), n. [Fr. ordre, from L. ordo, ordinis, a straight row, a regular series; from root or, seen in orior, to rise (see ORIENT). As to insertion of second r, comp. Fr. coffre, a coffer, from L. cophinus.] 1. Regular disposition or methodical arrangement; method; established succession; harmonious relation established between the parts of anything; as, (a) of material things, like the books in a library; (b) of intellectual notions, like the topics of a lecture; (c) of periods of time, recurring phenomena, &c. Pope.

Order is Heaven's first law.

Good order is the foundation of all good things.
Burke.

2. A proper state or condition; a normal, healthy, or becoming state; as, all the firearms are in perfect order; the bodily organs are in order.

Any of the faculties wanting, or out of order, produce suitable defects in men's understandings. Locke.

3. Regular or customary mode of procedure; established usage; settled method; regularity; specifically, established mode of proceeding in debates or discussions at public meetings; as, the member is not in order; the motion is not in order.

The moderator, when either of the disputants breaks the rules, may interpose to keep them to Watts.

order.

4. The desirable condition consequent upon conformity with law; regular government; public tranquillity; absence of confusion or disturbance; as, to keep order in a school or a community; contempt of law and order. 5. Mandate; precept; command; authoritative direction, oral or written; as, an order of the Court of Chancery; I have received an order from the commander-in-chief; the general gave orders to march; there is an order of council to issue letters of marque.

Orders are promulgated by the courts of law and equity, not only for the proper regulation of their proceedings, but also to enforce obedience to justice, and compel that which is right to be performed.

Wharton.

6. In a narrower and specific sense, (a) a direction, demand, or commission to supply goods, make purchases, and the like; as, to give a commercial traveller an order for cloth; (b) a written direction to pay money; as, an order on the bank or post-office for twenty pounds; (e) a mandate of admission, a free pass for admission to a theatre or other place of entertainment.

In these days were pit orders-beshrew the uncomfortable manager who abolished them. Lamb. 7. A rule; a regulation; as, the rules and orders of a legislative house.

The church hath authority to establish that for an order at one time, which at another time it may abolish, and in both doth do well. Hooker.

8. A rank; a class; as, the highest order of society; men of the lowest order. "The high priest, and the priests of the second order.' 2 Ki. xxiii. 4.-9. A body of men of the same rank or profession constituting a separate class in the community; often a religious fraternity; as, the order of nobles; a military order; the Franciscan order; the order of Benedictines.

Shak.

Find a barefoot brother out, One of our order, to associate me. 10. A body of men associated together by having had a common honorary distinction conferred on them by a sovereign prince or other source of honour; hence, the distinction, rank, or dignity itself; as, the order of the Garter; to have the order of the Bath conferred upon one, &c. The various orders of knighthood have their appropriate insignia, consisting usually of a peculiar collar, a star, a badge or jewel, and a ribbon. See BATH, GARTER, KNIGHTHOOD, STAR, THISTLE.-11. A division of natural objects, as plants or animals, intermediate between class or sub-class and genus, consisting usually of a group of families related to one another by structural characters common to all.-12. Measures; care.

Provide me soldiers

Whilst I take order for my own affairs. Shak.

Insignia of the Order of St. Michael and
St. George.

or to the clear illustration of the subject.14. Eccles. a book containing a collection of certain forms or a certain service to be followed on certain occasions.-15. In class. arch, a column entire (including base, shaft, and capital), with a superincumbent entablature, viewed as forming an architectural whole. There are five kinds of orders, viz. Doric, Ionic, Tuscan, Corinthian, and Composite. (See these terms.) Each order consists of two essential parts, a column and an entablature; the column being divided into three parts, the base, the shaft, and the capital; and the entablature into three parts also, the architrave, the frieze, and the cornice. The character of an order is displayed, not only in its column, but in its general forms and detail, of which the column is, as it were, the regulator. (See COLUMN.) The Tuscan and Composite are Roman orders, the other three are Grecian. 16. In geom. rank or situation in a series: applied to lines, curves, &c.-Close order (milit.) is said of the ranks when drawn up at the distance of a pace between each other. When there are two paces it is termed open order. -General orders (milit.), the commands or notices which a military commander-inchief issues to the troops under his command.-Holy orders (eccles.), a term, properly speaking, applied to the different ranks of ecclesiastical persons, but, in ordinary language, used to indicate the clerical or ecclesiastical character of such persons, and often used without the word 'holy,' in such phrases as to be in orders, that is, to be ordained to the ministry; to take orders. To be in full orders in the Church of England requires two ordinations, that of a deacon and that of a priest. (See ORDINATION.) The Roman Catholic Church admits of seven orders-four minor, secular, or petty, of doorkeeper, exorcist, reader, and acolyth; three major, of deacon, priest, and bishop. In no reformed church are there more than three orders; namely, bishops, priests, deacons. In order, for the purpose; with a view; to the end; as means to an end; as, he went there in order that he might meet him. 'A little increase to their mutual savings in order to their marriage.' George Eliot.

The best knowledge is that which is of greatest use in order to our eternal happiness. Tillotson. -Religious orders are religious societies or communities, and may be divided into three kinds, monastic, military, and mendicant.Sailing orders (naut.), the final instructions given to government vessels.-Standing orders, in parliament, certain general rules and instructions laid down for its own guidance, and which are to be invariably followed unless suspended by a vote to meet some urgent case. Order in council, an order issued by the sovereign, by and with the advice of the privy council.-Order of battle, the arrangement and disposition of the different parts of an army, according to the nature of the ground, for the purpose of engaging an enemy, by giving or receiving an attack, or in order to be reviewed, &c.Order of curves is denominated from the rank or order of the equation by which the curve is expressed; thus, the first order of

ORDINATELY

by a diameter is said to be ordinately applied to that diameter; also, such chord is usually called a double ordinate to the diameter, and its half an ordinate, but some writers term the whole chord an ordinate, and its half a semi-ordinate. See ANALYTIC and CO-ORDINATE.

Ordinately (or'din-at-li), adv. 1. In a reg

ular or methodical manner. Skelton.-2. In geom. in the manner of an ordinate. Ordination (or-din-a'shon), n. [L. ordinatio, from ordino, to ordain.] 1. The act of ordaining, especially the act of setting apart for an office in the Christian ministry: (a) the act of conferring holy orders or sacerdotal power; called also consecration. In the Church of England, a candidate for holy orders must be in possession of a title; that is, a sort of assurance from a rector to the bishop that, provided that the latter finds the party fit to be ordained, the former will take him for his curate with a stated salary. The candidate is then examined by the bishop or his chaplain as to his faith and his erudition, and he must bring letters testimonial of his life and doctrine for three years previous, from three beneficed clergymen, and subscribe to the Thirty-nine Articles and the Liturgy. He must be twentythree years of age before he can be ordained deacon, and twenty-four before he can be ordained priest, or admitted into full orders. The ceremony of ordination is performed by the bishop by the imposition of hands on the candidate. (b) In the Presbyterian and Congregational churches, the act of settling or establishing a licensed clergyman over a church and congregation with pastoral charge and authority; also, the act of conferring on a clergyman the powers of a settled minister of the gospel, without the charge or oversight of a particular church, but with the general powers of an evangelist, who is authorized to form churches and administer the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's supper wherever he may be called to officiate. In the Presbyterian churches of Scotland, in which there are no bishops, the power of ordination is lodged in the presbytery.-2. The state of being ordained or appointed; tendency arising from the settled order of things.

Virtue and vice have a natural ordination to the happiness and misery of life respectively. Norris. 3. The act of disposing, or the condition of being disposed or arranged in regular order; order; arrangement.

Cyrus disposed his trees like his armies, in regular ordination. Sir T. Browne.

Ordinative (or'din-at-iv), a. Tending to ordain; directing; giving order. Cotgrave. Ordinator (or'din-at-ér), n. One who or

dains or establishes.

Ordnance (ord'nans), n. [Formerly ordin ance, ordenance, ordonance, artillery, the same word as ordinance, Fr. ordonnance, arrangement, disposition, equipment. Ordnance has probably come to have its present meaning by the suppression of a portion of a designation of which it formed part; and from having such a meaning as 'equipment' it has come to be applied to a particular kind of military equipment or appliance. Wedgwood quotes a passage from an old chronicle in which the transition of meaning seems to appear: 'The ordenance of the kinges guns avayled not, for that day was so grete rayne that the gonnes lay depe in the water, and so were queynt and might not be schott.'] Cannon or great guns, mortars, and howitzers; artillery.-Board of ordnance, the name given to a board, consisting of a master-general, surveyorgeneral, clerk, and store-keeper, which formerly provided the army and navy with guns, ammunition, and arms of every description, and superintended the providing of forage for the troops at home, the erection of fortifications, &c. The Crimean disasters in 1854 showed the defects of this board, which was shortly afterwards dissolved, the duties being divided among different branches of the war office. -Ordnance survey, the survey of Britain, undertaken by the government, and executed by select corps of the Royal Engineers and civilians. The charts exhibit, in addition to the ordinary features of a map, the extent and limits of properties, and rivers, roads, houses, &c., are laid down on them in their just proportions, and not, as in ordinary maps, exaggerated. The scale adopted by the British government is, for towns having 4000 or more inhabitants, th of

322

the linear measurement, which is equivalent to 126 72 inches to a mile, or an inch to 413 feet; for parishes (in cultivated districts), th of the linear measurement, equal to 25 344 inches to a mile, or 1 square inch to an acre; for counties, 6 inches to a mile; for the kingdom, a general map, 1 inch to a mile. The purposes to which these large plans may be applied are, as estate plans, for managing, draining, and otherwise improving land, for facilitating its transfer by registering sales and incumbrances, and as public maps, according to which local or general taxes may be raised, and roads, railways, canals, and other public works laid out and executed. Ordonnance (or'don-äns), n. [Fr. See ORDINANCE, ORDNANCE.] 1. The proper disposition of figures in a picture, or of the parts of a building, or of any work of art.

He attempted to imitate their artificial construction of the whole work-their dramatic ordonnance of the parts. Coleridge.

2. In French hist. (a) the name given before the revolution of 1789 to a decree of the king or regent.

In others those assemblies were at once finally disused without any regal ordonnance. Brougham. (b) The decision of a criminal court upon the motion of the procurator - general. Compagnies d'ordonnance, the name formerly given to certain bodies of French troops forming the flower of the French army. 'Some members of the companies of ordonnance commanded by the prince, and by the Counts Egmont, Hoorne, and other great lords.' Prescott.

Ordonnant (or'don-ant), a. Relating to or implying ordonnance. Coleridge. Ordure (or'dür), n. [Fr. ordure, It. ordura, filth; from 0. Fr. ord, It. ordo, filthy, from L. horridus, horrid; or from It. lordura, filth, lordo, filthy, from L. luridus, dark-coloured, dirty, the initial having disappeared through being mistaken for the article. ] Dung; excrement; fæces.

As gardeners do with ordure hide those roots That shall first spring and be most delicate. Shak. Ordurous (or'dūr-us), a. Pertaining to or consisting of ordure or dung; filthy. Ordurous matter.' Drayton.

Ore (ōr), n. [A. Sax. ár, brass, copper; Icel. eir, brass; O. and M. H. G. er, Goth. aiz, ore; cog. L. ces, æris, crude metal dug out of the earth, brass; Skr. ayas, iron. Iron is probably connected with this word.] 1. The compound of a metal and some other substance, as oxygen, sulphur, or carbon, by which its properties are disguised or lost. Metals found free from such combination and exhibiting naturally their appropriate character, are not called ores, but native metals. Ores are usually described as occurring in the following conditions:-(a) In a metallic state, and either separate or combined with each other-in the latter case forming alloys. (b) Combined with sulphur, forming sulphides or sulphurets. (c) Combined with oxygen, forming oxides. (d) Combined with acids, forming carbonates, phosphates, &c., which generally go by the name of metallic salts. Metals are commonly obtained from their ores by the process of smelting, the ores having been previously oxidized by roasting. Ores are found in larger or smaller masses of various characters often in what are known as veins and lodes.-2. Metal; sometimes specifically gold. 'Like some ore among a mineral of metals base.' Shak.

The liquid ore he drain'd Into fit moulds prepared; from which he form'd First his own tools, then what might else be wrought, Fusile, or grav'n in metal. Milton. -Graphic ore. Same as Graphic Gold. See GOLD.

Ore, n. [A. Sax. dr.] Grace; favour; pro-
tection; honour; glory. Chaucer.
Oread (o'rē-ad), n. [Gr. oreias, oreiados, from
oros, mountain.] A mountain nymph.

Sunbeams upon distant hills
Gliding apace, with shadows in their train,
Might, with small help from fancy, be transformed
Into fleet oreads sporting visibly. Wordsworth.

Oreala (o-re-ä'la), n. A decomposed rock of British Guiana, valuable in the manufacture of pottery.

Oreas (o-re'as), n. The eland, or Cape elk of South Africa (O. canna). See ELAND. Oreide (orid), n. Same as Oroide. Oreillet (o'ra-yet), n. [From Fr. oreille, the ear.] An ear-piece; one of two pieces fixed on the side of an open coursing or tilting

ORGAN

helmet, and fastened upon it with a hinge to admit of their being lifted up. They were sometimes perforated to enable the wearer

to hear more distinctly, and they sometimes had spikes projecting from their centre as an additional protection. Orellin (ō-rel'lin), n. A yellow colouring matter con

Coursing Helmet with Oreillets. tained together with bixin in ar

notto. It is soluble in water and in alcohol, slightly soluble in ether, and dyes alumed goods yellow.

Oreodaphne (ō're-o-daf′′nē), n. [Gr. oros, oreos, a mountain, and daphne, laurel.j Mountain-laurel, a genus of plants, nat. order Lauraceæ. O. opifera is a native of the woods of Para and Rio-Negro. The fruit yields, by distillation, a volatile oil, which is used as a liniment, and when kept for a short time it deposits a great quantity of camphor. O. cupularis is the cinnamon of Bourbon, where it grows. O. bullata, found at the Cape of Good Hope, called stinkwood by the colonists on account of the disagreeable odour of its wood, which, however, is hard, durable, takes an excellent polish, and is used in ship-building. Oreodon (o-re'o-don), n. [Gr. oros, oreos, a mountain, and odous, odontos, a tooth.] A genus of fossil mammals, found in the miocene tertiary of North America, connecting the living Cervidae with that primitive form of ruminant the Anoplotherium, and at the same time having a more or less close resemblance to the camels and swine. The molars are like those of the ruminants, but there are three-sided canines, which are worn like those of the pig, and there is no interval between the canines and præmolars. As in the Cervidæ, there are 'tear-pits' beneath the orbits. H. A. Nicholson. Oreography (o-rē-ogʻra-fi), n. [Gr. oros, oreos, a mountain, and graphō, to describe.] The science of mountains; a description of mountains.

Ore-weed, Ore-woodt (ōr'wēd, ōrwyd), n. Sea-weed.

Carew.

Orexis (o-rek'sis), n. [Gr.] In med. a desire or appetite.

Orfrayt (or'fra), n. The osprey. Holland. Orfrays, Orfraiest (or'fraz), n. [0. Fr. orfrais, Mod. Fr. orfroi, from Fr. or, L. aurum, gold, and a word equivalent to E. frieze. See FRIEZE.] Fringe of gold; a species of embroidered cloth of gold. See ORPHREYS. Orgal (or gal), n. Same as Argal. Organ (organ), n. [L. organum, from Gr. organon, an instrument, implement, engine, from ergō, for uergō or vergo, to work, from the same root as that of E. work.] 1. In the widest sense, an instrument or means; that which performs some office, duty, or function; that by which some important action is performed or object accomplished: in a narrow and more common sense, a part of an animal or vegetable body by which some action, operation, or function is carried on. Thus the heart, arteries, and veins of animals are organs of circulation; the lungs are organs of respiration; the nose is the organ of smell, the eye of sight; both plants and animals have reproductive organs.

For you must know, we have.

Lent him our terror, dress'd him with our love,
And given his deputation all the organs
Of our own power.

Shak.

He laughed all over himself, from his shoes to his organ of benevolence. Dickens.

2. A medium, instrument, or means of communication between one person or body and another; a medium of conveying certain opinions; as, a secretary of state is the organ of communication between the government and a foreign power; an official gazette is the organ of a government; hence, specifically, a newspaper; as, the Tory organ in such a town.-3. The vocal organs collectively; the voice. "Thy small pipe is as the maiden's organ shrill." Shak. The term is still technically used, as when we say that such a singer has a magnificent organ.-4. A wind musical instrument in general: Shakspere applies the term to a pipe, and perhaps that is the meaning in quotation under 3.-5. The largest and most harmonious of wind instruments of music, consisting of a great number of pipes of different sizes, formed of wood and of different

ORGAN

kinds of metal, some of which are flute-pipes, or mouth-pipes, and others reed-pipes, all of them being made to sound by means of compressed air applied to them through certain channels by bellows worked either by human force or by steam or otherwise. An organ may have several wind-chests filled by the same bellows, and several key-boards, each key-board and wind-chest representing a distinct organ. In the largest instruments the number of these organs generally amounts to five-viz. the great organ, the choir organ, the swell organ, the solo organ, and the pedal organ. The keyboards for the hand are termed manuals, that for the feet the pedal. The most

usual compass of the manuals is from CC (8 feet) to F in alt, four octaves and a half; that of the pedal from CCC to E or F, two and a quarter to two and a half octaves; but this range is increased by stops which give a note an octave, or in the pedal organ even two octaves lower, and sometimes one of the harmonics higher in pitch. -Barrel-organ. See BARREL-ORGAN. Cabinet-organ. Same as Chamber-organ (which see).

Organ (or'gan), v.t. To furnish with organs; to form organically; to organize.

Would'st thou be treated with in the ineffable dialect of heaven? Alas! fond creature, thou art elemented and organed for other apprehensions, for a lower commerce of perception, Mannyngham Organ-blower (or'gan-blō-ér), n. One who blows the bellows of an organ. Organ-builder (or'gan-bild-er), n. One whose occupation is to construct musical organs.

Organ-coupler (or'gan-kup-lėr), n. A device for connecting two sets of keys in an organ, so that by operating a lever or pedal each key when struck sounds the octave as well as its own note.

Organdie, Organdy (orʼgan-di), n. Α remarkably light and transparent kind of muslin.

Organ-fish (or'gan-fish), n. Same as Drumfish (which see).

Organ-harmonium (organ-här-mō-ni-um),

N.

A harmonium of great compass and power, designed to be used as a substitute for an organ.

Organic (or-gan'ik), a. [L. organicus, from organum, an implement. See ORGAN. ] 1. Pertaining to an organ or to organs of animals and plants; as, an organic function; an organic disease.-2. Pertaining to objects that have organs, hence to the animal and vegetable worlds; pertaining to or exhibiting characteristics peculiar to animal or vegetable life and structure; as, organic bodies; organic life; organic remains.

The term 'organic,' as applied to any substance, in no way relates to the presence or absence of life. The materials which compose the living body are of course 'organic' in the main, but they are equally so after death has occurred-at any rate for a certain time-and some of them continue to be so for an indefinite period after life has departed. Sugar, for example, is an organic product; but in itself it is of course dead, and it retains its stability after the organism which produced it has lost all vitality.

H. A. Nicholson. See INORGANIC.-3. Forming a whole with a systematic arrangement of parts; organized; systematized.

An empirical acquaintance with facts rises to a scientific knowledge of facts as soon as the mind discovers beneath the multiplicity of single productions the unity of an organic system. Max Muller.

323

tions without being readily decomposed by the chemical changes. -Organic remains, the name given to those organized bodies, whether animals or vegetables, found in a fossil state. Certain families of animals are found pervading strata of every age, and possessing the same generic forms which are to be found among existing animals. There are, however, other families, both animal and vegetable, which are confined to particular formations, their disappearance and replacement by distinct forms being apparently sudden, while the changes of genera and species are still more frequent. It is in the palæozoic series that the remains of organized beings begin to be found; and already we find there the remains of all divisions of the animal kingdom, Vertebrata, Mollusca, Articulata, Zoophytes, even Protozoa. In the secondary strata we find a series of saurian reptiles, and animals strangely uniting the characters of bird and reptile. The reptiles are principally of a gigantic size, many of them marine, others amphibious, and others terrestrial. In the tertiary series we find that the fossil remains of both animals and vegetables are much more numerous, and belong to higher types, and that they bring us down, by a natural transition, to those of our own times. A similar succession of vegetable

remains have been obtained from rocks of various ages. See GEOLOGY.

Organical (or-gan'ik-al), a. Organic. The organical structure of human bodies.' Bentley.

Organically (or-gan'ik-al-li), adv. In an

organic manner; by or with organs; with reference to organic structure or disposition of parts.

Organicalness (or-ganʼik-al-nes), n. The state of being organical.

Organicism (or-gan'i-sizm), n. [Gr. organon, an organ.] In pathol. the doctrine of the localization of disease, or which refers it always to a material lesion of an organ. Organific (or-ga-nif'ik), a. Forming organs or an organized structure; forming an organism; acting through or resulting from organs. Coleridge. [Rare.] Organism (or'gan-izm), n. 1. Organic structure; organization. Grew.-2. A body exhibiting organization and organic life; a member of the animal or vegetable kingdom; an individual composed of a number of essential and mutually dependent parts, all of which partake of a common life. Organist (or'gan-ist), n. 1. One who plays on the organ.-2. A name given formerly in the Roman Catholic Church to one of those priests who organized, or sung in parts.Organist tanager, a species of finch of the genus Tanagra, peculiar to the New World, so called from its musical powers. See TANAGER.

Organista (or-gan-is'ta), n. [Sp.] The

common name of a number of small South American birds allied to the wrens, and remarkable for the sweetness of their song. The Peruvian organista (Troglodytes leucophrys) has a modest cinnamon-brown pluImage, with head and neck of dark olive. Chambers's Ency.

Organizability (or'gan-iz-a-bil"i-ti), n. Quality or property of being organizable; capability for organization or for being turned into living tissue; as, the organizability of fibrin.

nature or art to a certain end.

Read with them those organic arts which enable men to discourse and write perspicuously, elegantly, and according to the fitted style of lofty, mean, or lowly. Milton.

-Organic acids, organic substances forming salts with bases.-Organic analysis, in chem. the analysis of organic substances, usually by combustion of the contained carbon and by conversion of contained nitrogen into ammonia.-Organic bases, in chem. organic compounds having alkaline properties, obtained chiefly from vegetables. - Organic chemistry. See CHEMISTRY.-Organic description of curves, in geom. the description of curves on a plane by means of instruments. -Organic disease, a disease in which the structure of an organ is morbidly altered: opposed to functional disease, in which the secretions or functions only are deranged without any apparent change of organization.-Organic laws, in politics, the name given to laws directly concerning the fundamental parts of the constitution of a state. Organic radicals, in chem. a group of elements which enters into various combina

being organized; as, fibrin is organizable. Dunglison. Organization (or'gan-iz-a"shon), n. 1. The act or process of organizing; the act of systematizing or arranging; the act of arranging and getting into proper working order; as, to proceed to the organization of a government, or of an expedition.-2. The state of being organized; also, a whole or aggregate that is organized.

Such was the intelligence, the gravity, and the self-command of the warriors whom Cromwell had trained, that in their camp a political organization and a religious organization could exist without destroying military organization. Macaulay. 3. Organic structure; an arrangement of parts or organs for the performance of vital functions; as, animals and plants are possessed of organization. Organize (organ-iz), v. t. pret. & pp. organized; ppr. organizing. 1. To form with suitable organs; to give an organic structure to generally in the past participle in this

sense.

Those nobler faculties of the soul organized matter could never produce. Ray. 'Organized beings,' says the physiologist, are

ORGAN-SCREEN

composed of a number of essential and mutually dependent parts.' An organized product of nature,' says the great metaphysician, 'is that in which all the parts are mutually ends and means.' Whewell. 2. To sing in parts; as, to organize the hallelujah.-3. To arrange the several parts of for action or work; to establish and systematize; as, to organize an expedition.

I cannot tell you what he does not do! He organized the whole of our division against the Marham line! Disraeli.

Organling (organ-ling), n. See ORGEIS. Organ-loft (organ-loft), n. The loft where an organ stands. 'No one in the dusty organ-loft but Tom.' Dickens. Organogen (or-gan'ō-jen), n. [Gr. organon, a product, and gen, root of gignomai, to beget.] In chem. a term applied to the four substances, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon.

Organogenesis (or'gan-o-jen-e-sis), n. [Gr. organon, an organ, and genesis, birth.] In bot. the gradual development of an organ, from its earliest stage.

Organogenic (or'gan-ō-jen"ik), a.

Pertain

ing to organogeny; pertaining to the development of organs in plants and animals. Organogeny (or-ga-noj'e-ni), n. The development of organs; the doctrine of the development or formation of organs. Organographic, Organographical (organ-o-graf"ik, or'gan-o-graf"ik-al), a. PerOrganographist (or-gan-og'ra-fist), n. One taining to organography. who describes the organs of animal or vegetable bodies.

Organography (or-gan-ogʻra-fi), n. [Gr. organon, an organ, and grapho, to describe.] A description of the organs of plants or animals.

[Gr.

Organoleptic (or'gan-o-lep"tik), a. organon, an organ or instrument, and lambano, to lay hold of.] 1. Making an impression on an organ; specifically, making an impression on the organs of touch, taste, and smell.-2. Susceptible of receiving an impression; plastic. Dunglison. Organological (or'gan-ō-loj"ik-al), a. Pertaining to organology.

Organology (or-gan-ol'o-ji), n. [Organ, and Gr. logos, discourse.] 1. A branch of physiology which treats in particular of the different organs of animals, especially of the human species; anatomy.-2. The doctrine that particular parts of the brain are fitted to serve as instruments for particular faculties of the mind; phrenology. Organometallic (organ-o-me-tal"ik), a. In chem. a term applied to compounds in which an organic radical, as ethyl, is directly combined with a metal, to distinguish them from other organic compounds containing metals, in which the metal is indirectly united to the radical by the intervention of oxygen.

Organon (or'ga-non),n. [Gr. See ORGAN.] In philos. nearly synonymous with method, and implying a body of rules and canons for the direction of the scientific faculty, either generally or in reference to some particular department; as, the organon of Aristotle; the organon of Bacon. The organon of Aristotle is his system of logic. The Novum Organon of Bacon contains the development of his system of philosophy, or the inductive system.

Organonomia (organ-ō-nom"i-a), n. [Gr. organon, an organ, and nomos, a law.] The doctrine of the laws of organic life. Dungli

son.

Organoplastic (or'gan-o-plastik), a. [Gr. organon, an organ, and plassō, to mould.] Possessing the property of producing or evolving the tissues of the organs of plants and animals; as, organoplastic cells. Organoscopy (or-gan-os'ko-pi), n. [Gr. organon, an organ, and skopeō, to perceive.] Phrenology.

Organ-pipe (or'gan-pip), n. 1. The pipe of a musical organ. 2. Fig. the throat; the wind-pipe; hence, the voice. 'From the organ-pipe of frailty sings.' Shak. And the thunder, That deep and dreadful organ-pipe, pronounced Shak. The name of Prosper. -Organ-pipe coral, a general name given to the corals of the family Tubiporida (which see), from their tubular structure. Organ-point (organ-point), n. In music, a passage in which the tonic or dominant is sustained continuously by one part, while the other parts move. Called also Pedalpoint.

Organ-screen (or'gan-skrën), n. Eccles. an ornamental screen of stone or timber on

ORGAN-STOP

which a church organ is placed, and which in English cathedrals and churches forms usually the western termination of the choir. Weale.

Organ-stop (or'gan-stop), n. The stop of an organ. See STOP.

Organum (or'ga-num), n. [L.] 1. Same as Organon (which see).-2. A name given to a machine or contrivance to aid human labour in architecture and other arts. Weale. Organy (or'ga-ni). See ORIGAN. Organzine (organ-zin), n. [Fr. organsin, It. organzino.] 1. A silk thread made of several singles, twisted together; thrown silk.2. Silk fabric made of such thread. Orgasm (orgazm), n. [Gr. orgasmos, from orgao, to swell, orgazō, to irritate.] 1. Immoderate excitement or action. 'A mental orgasm and bodily spasm.' H. Smith.2. In med. a state of excitement and turgescence of an organ.

Orgeat (or'zhat), n. [Fr., from orge, barley.] A culinary preparation extracted from barley and almonds. It is used as an agreeable syrup to mix in certain drinks, or medicinally as a mild demulcent.

Orgeis (or'je-is), n. A certain fish, a large kind of ling, called also Organling. Orgiastic (or-ji-as'tik), a. Of or pertaining to the Greek orgia, or mystic festivals, especially to those in honour of Dionysus.

The connection of Phrygia with the orgiastic and Dionysiac worship is denoted by the stories which made Midas a son of Cybele, and a sharer in the blood of the satyrs. P. Smith.

Orgillous+ (or-jil'lus), a. [Fr. orgueilleux, from orgueil, pride, from O.H.G. urguol, A. Sax. orgel, proud. The O.H.G. resolves into ur, out of, and guol, petulant, luxuriant.] Proud; haughty. The princes orgillous.' Shak.

Orgues (orgz), n. [Fr.] Milit. (a) long thick pieces of timber, pointed and shod with iron and hung over a gateway, to be let down in case of attack. (b) An arrangement of a number of parallel musket barrels, so placed as to be fired simultaneously by a train of powder; it may be held to be the precursor of the mitrailleuse. Orguloust (or'gu-lus), a. See ORGILLOUS. Orgy (orji), n. [Gr. orgia, secret rites, secret worship, from orge, any violent passion, anger, wrath.] 1. Secret rites or ceremonies connected with the worship of some of the pagan deities, as the secret worship of Ceres; but particularly applied to the revels at the feast in honour of Dionysus or Bacchus, or the feast itself, which was celebrated by wild revelry: generally and properly plural in this sense. 'An orgy to Bacchus.' Sir T. Herbert. Hence-2. A wild or frantic revel; a nocturnal carousal; drunken revelry. Hired animalisms, vile as those that made The mulberry-faced Dictator's orgies worse Than aught they fable of the quiet gods. Tennyson. Orgyla (or-ji'i-a), n. A genus of lepidopterous insects, the species of which fly by day with a vapouring kind of motion, and hence they are called vapourer-moths. The females (fig. 2) are furnished with slight rudiments of wings, and therefore incapable of flight;

1

Vapourer-moth (Orgyia antiqua), natural size.

the caterpillars (fig. 3) have curious coloured tufts of hair projecting from the body. The male of the O.antiqua (fig. 1) is a small brown moth with a white spot on the edge of the fore-wings; it appears in the autumn, and is common even in the streets of London. Oribatida (or-i-bat'i-de), n. pl. The woodmites, a family of Acarida (which see). Orichalc (or'i-kalk), n. [L. orichalcum, mountain brass-Gr. oros, a mountain, and chalkos, copper.] Mountain brass, a metallic substance resembling gold in colour; the brass of the ancients. Written also Oricalch.

Orichalceous (or-i-kal'shus), a. Pertaining to orichalc; having a lustre or colour between that of gold and brass.

Oriel Window, Baliol College, Oxford.

is of various kinds and sizes. When not on the ground-floor it is supported on brackets or corbels, and in this case is the oriel strictly so called, the projecting window rising from the ground being more properly a bay window (which see).

The beams that thro' the oriel shine Make prisms in every carven glass, And beaker brimm'd with noble wine. Tennyson. Oriency+ (o'ri-en-si), n. [See ORIENT.] Brightness or strength of colour. Evelyn. Orient (o'rient), a. [L. oriens, from orior, ortus, to arise; whence also origin, (ab)ortion; root or, seen in Gr. ornymi, to raise.] 1. Rising, as the sun. Moon, that now meet'st the orient sun.' Milton.-2. Eastern; oriental.-3. Bright; shining; glittering; hence, perfect; of superior quality. 'An orient drop' (a tear). Shak. 'Orient liquor in a crystal glass. Milton. Ten thousand banners... with orient colours waving.' Milton. 'A necklace of orient pearl.' Sir W. Scott. Orient (o'ri-ent), n. The east; the part of the horizon where the sun first appears in the morning. 'Best built city throughout the orient. Sir T. Herbert.

Morn in the white wake of the morning star Came furrowing all the orient into gold. Tennyson. Orient (o'ri-ent), v.t. [Fr. orienter.] In surv. to define the position of, in respect to the east; to ascertain the position of, relative to the points of the compass; hence, fig. to adjust or correct by referring to first principles.

Oriental (ō-ri-en'tal), a. 1. Eastern; situated in the east; as, oriental seas or countries.2. Proceeding from the east. "The sun's ascendent and oriental radiations.' Sir T. Browne. 3. Applied to gems as a mark of excellence; valuable; precious: opposed to occidental, which applies to the less valuable. The word oriental is also frequently coupled with the names of certain stones between which there is no relation except in colour, or some other trivial resemblance; the sapphire of a greenish-yellow colour becomes oriental emerald and oriental peridot; if of a yellow colour, or yellow mixed with red, oriental topaz; and so on.

Oriental (ō-ri-en'tal), n. A native or inhabitant of some eastern part of the world; an Asiatic.

Orientalism (ō-ri-en'tal-izm), n. 1. An eastern mode of thought, expression, or speech; doctrines or idioms of the Asiatic nations. 2. Knowledge of oriental languages or literature. The almost universal orientalism of Lassen.' Quart. Rev. Orientalist (ō-ri-en'tal-ist), n. 1. An inhabitant of the eastern parts of the world.

Who can tell how far the orientalists were wont to adorn their parables. Peters.

Orientalize (ō-ri-en'tal-iz), v.t. To render oriental; to conform to oriental manners or character.

Orientate (o'ri-en-tat), v.t. To cause to assume an easterly direction; to turn towards the east.

Orientate (o'ri-en-tat), v. i. To assume an easterly direction; to turn or veer towards the east.

Orientation (o'ri-en-ta"shon), n. 1. The act of turning, or state of being turned towards the east; the eastward posture of worshippers in their temples, such a position of the dead in their graves, and the like; specifically, as applied to churches, the act of placing or the position of a church so as to have its chancel point to the east, or that part of the east in which the sun rises on the day of the patron saint.

The orientation of churches, by turning their altars towards the east, is wholly a peculiarity of the Northern or Gothic races; the Italian never knew or practised it. J. Fergusson.

2. In surv. the process of determining the points of the compass, or the east point, in taking bearings.

Orientator (o'ri-en-tat-ér), n. An instrument used for determining the position of a church so as to have its chancel point to the east. Orientness (o'ri-ent-nes), n. The state of being orient or bright; lustre; brightness: specifically applied to diamonds. Fuller. Orifext (or'i-feks), n. [See ORIFICE.] Opening; aperture; orifice.

The spacious breadth of this division
Admits no orifex for a point as subtle
As Ariachne's broken woof to enter.

Shak

Orifice (or'i-fis), n. [Fr., from L. orificiumos, oris, the mouth, and facio, to make.] The mouth or aperture of a tube, pipe, or other similar object; a perforation; an opening; a Bacon. vent. The orifice of the wound." 'Mouths with hideous orifice.' Milton. 'Both the orifices of the stomach.' Arbuthnot.

Ætna was bored through the top with a monstrous orifice. Addison. Oriflamb (or'i-flam), n. Same as Oriflamme. Oriflamme (or'i-flam), n. [Fr.; L. auriflamma, from aurum, gold, and flamma, a flame.] The ancient royal standard of France, originally the banner of the abbey of St. Denis. It was a piece of red silk fixed on a gilt spear, with the anterior edge cut into points. And be your oriflamme to-day the helmet of Navarre.' Macaulay.

Origan, Origanum (ori-gan, o-rig'a-num), n. [Gr. oros, a mountain, and ganos, splendour, joy, in allusion to the habitation of the plants.] A genus of plants belonging to the nat. order Labiatæ. See MARJORAM. Origenism (or'i-jen - izm), n. The opinions of Origen of Alexandria, an early Greek father, who united the philosophy of the eclectic school of Neo-Platonists with the doctrines of Christianity, holding that human souls existed before their union with bodies; that they were originally holy, but became sinful in the pre-existent state; that all men will probably at last be saved; and that Christ is again to die for the salvation of devils, &c.

Origenist (ori-jen-ist), n. A follower of Origen of Alexandria.

Origin (or'i-jin), n. [Fr. origine; L. origo, originis, from orior, to rise. See ORIENT.1 1. The first existence or beginning of anything; the commencement.

The sacred historian only treats of the origins of terrestrial animals. Bentley.

2. Fountain; source; cause; that from which anything primarily proceeds; that which gives existence or beginning; as, to discover the origin of a word, of a custom, of a nation.

The term origin may be taken in two senses, essentially different from each other. It may mean the cause of anything being produced, or it may imply simply the occasion of its production. Between the real cause and the occasion of any phenomenon there is a wide diversity. The one implies a producing power, the other only some condition upon which this power comes into exercise. F. D. Morell. 3. In analytical geom. See under ANALYTIC. -Certificate of origin. See under CERTIFICATE. SYN. Commencement, rise, source, spring, fountain, derivation, cause, root, foundation.