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OXYGEN-ACID

spiration, and no animal can live in an atmosphere which does not contain a certain portion of uncombined oxygen. Oxygen is evolved from trees and plants by the action of the sun's rays on the carbon compounds contained in the moistened leaves; and these leaves, while they give out oxygen, absorb carbonic acid from the atmosphere for their nourishment.-2. A manufacturing name for bleaching-powder. Simmonds. Oxygen-acid (oks'i-jen-as-id), n. In chem. an oxyacid (which see).

Oxygenate (oks'i-jen-at), v.t. pret. & pp. oxygenated; ppr. oxygenating. To unite or cause to combine with oxygen.

Oxygenation (oks'i-jen-a"shon), n. Same as Oxidation.

Oxygenator (oks'i-jen-at-ér), n. Same as

Oxidator.

Oxygenizable, Oxygenisable (oks'i-jen-iza-bl), a. Capable of being oxygenized. Oxygenize, Oxygenise (oks'i-jen-iz), v. t. To oxygenate (which see).

Oxygenizement, Oxygenisement (oks'ijen-iz-ment), n. Oxidation.

Oxygenizer, Oxygeniser (oks'i-jen-iz-ér), n That which oxydates or converts into an oxide.

Oxygenous (oks-ij'en-us), a. Pertaining to or obtained from oxygen.

Oxygon, Oxygone (oks'i-gon, oks'i-gōn), n. [Gr. oxys, sharp, and gonia, an angle.] In geom. a triangle having three acute angles. Oxygonal, Oxygonial (oks-ig'on-al, oks-igo'ni-al), a. Acute-angled.

Oxyhydrogen (oks-i-hi"dro-jen), a. Of or pertaining to a mixture or combination of oxygen and hydrogen; as, oxyhydrogen gas. -Oxyhydrogen blowpipe, one used by mineralogists and chemists for reducing metallic ores in analysis. The flame is produced by the combustion of oxyhydrogen gas (usually two volumes of hydrogen to one of oxygen) instead of common air.-Oxyhydrogen lamp, one in whichstreams of oxygen and hydrogen in regulated quantities are commingled, the resulting flame being directed on a ball of quicklime and forming an extremely bright light. Oxyhydrogen light, the lime-light; the Drummond light.-Oxyhydrogen microscope, one in which the object is illuminated by the flame of oxyhydrogen gas on a piece of lime under the action of the compound blowpipe. The lime is placed in front of a concave mirror, and the object between this and a convex lens, by which its image, highly magnified, is thrown upon a screen so that it may be visible to a large number of spectators.

Oxymel (oks'i-mel), n. [Gr. oxys, acid, and meli, honey.] A mixture of vinegar and honey. Arbuthnot.

Oxymoron (oks-i-mo'ron), n. [Gr. oxymoron, a smart saying which at first view appears foolish, from oxys, sharp, and moros, dull, foolish.] In rhet. a figure in which an epithet of a quite contrary signification is added to a word; as, cruel kindness. Oxymuriate (oks-i-mü'ri-ät), n. An obsolete name for chloride, on the erroneous assumption that chlorine is a mixture of oxygen and muriatic acid.

Oxymuriatic (oks-i-mü'ri-at'ik),a. Formerly applied to chlorine. See OXYMURIATE. Oxyopia, Oxyopy (oks-i-o'pi-a, oks'i-ó-pi), n. [Gr. oxys, acute, and opsis, vision.] Acuteness of sight, arising from increased sensibility of the retina.

Oxyphonia, Oxyphony (oks-i-fō'ni-a, oksif'o-ni), n. [Gr. oxys, acute, and phone, voice.] Acuteness or shrillness of voice. Oxyrhynchus (oks-i-ringk'us), n. The name of a celebrated Egyptian fish, said to have been reverenced throughout Egypt, and sacred to the goddess Athor. It is represented both in sculptures and on coins, and was anciently embalmed.

Oxyria (oks-i'ri-a), n. [Gr. oxys, acid.] A genus of plants, nat. order Polygonaceæ. O. reniformis (mountain-sorrel) is the only known native species. It is found on the highest mountains of Great Britain. Oxyrrhodin (oks-i'rō-din), n. [Compounded of Gr. oxys, acid, and rhodon, rose.] A mixture of vinegar and oil of roses, used as a liniment in herpes and erysipelas. Dunglison.

Oxysalt (oks'i-salt), n. A salt of an oxyacid. See OXYACID.

'Fate, fär, fat, fall; mē, met, hér;

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Oxysulphide (oks-i-sul'fid), n. A compound containing sulphur, oxygen, and a metal. Oxytone (oks'i-ton), a. [Gr. oxys, sharp, and tonos, tone.] Having an acute sound. Oxytone (oks'i-tōn), n. 1. An acute sound. 2. In Greek gram. a word having the acute accent on the last syllable.

Oxyuris (oks-i-ú'ris). [Gr. oxys, sharp, and ouron, tail.] A genus of internal parasitic worms allied to the common Ascaris. These thread-worms multiply with rapidity, and pass from the intestine to other organs. O. vermicularis is often found in the human rectum, and is usually about inch long. See ASCARIDE.

Oyer (ō'yer), n. [Norm. oyer, hearing; Fr.
ouir, L. audire, to hear.] 1. In law, a hear-
ing or trial of causes.-2. The hearing, as of
a writ, bond, note, or other specialty; as
when a defendant in court prays oyer of a
writing.-Oyer and terminer [Fr., to hear
and determine] is a commission directed to
two of the judges of the circuit and other
gentlemen of the county to which it is
issued, by virtue of which they have power,
as the terms imply, to hear and determine
certain specified offences. The commissions
of oyer and terminer are the most compre-
hensive of the several commissions which
constitute the authority of the judges of
assize on the circuits. A court of oyer and
terminer is constituted by a commission to
inquire, hear, and determine all treasons,
felonies, and misdemeanours.
Oyes, Oyez (ö'yes). [Fr. oyez, hear ye.] The
introduction to any proclamation made by
the officer of a law court, or other public
crier, in order to secure silence and atten-
tion. It is thrice repeated. Shakspere uses
oyes in the two following passages as a sub-
stantive in the sense of exclamation or pro-
clamation. 'Crier hobgoblin, make the fairy
oyes.' Merry Wives, v. 5.

On whose bright crest, Fame, with her loud'st oyes,
Cries, this is he.
Troilus and Cressida, iv. 5.

Oylet (oi'let), n. 1. An oillet.-2. A scar
resembling an eyelet-hole. Stormonth.
Oylet-hole (oilet-hōl), n. An eyelet-hole.
Oysanite (oi'san-it), n. Same as Oisanite.
Oyster (ois'ter), n. [O.Fr. oistre, hoyster,
Mod. Fr. huitre, from L. ostrea, ostreum, Gr.
ostreon, an oyster, akin to osteon, a bone,
and ostrakon, the hard shell of shell-fish.]
A well-known edible mollusc belonging to
the lamellibranchiate genus Ostrea, family
Ostreidæ, characterized by an inequivalve
shell composed of two irregular lamellated
valves, of which the convex, or under one,
adheres to rocks, piles, or to the shell of
another individual, in salt water which is
shallow, or in the mouths of rivers. The
species are numerous, and found in the
seas of all temperate and warm climates.
The only British species is O. edulis, of
which vast beds are artificially formed,
and attended to with great care, at the
estuary of the Thames and many other
localities, where there is a mixture of salt
and fresh water, in which they best thrive.
Oysters raised in artificial beds are called
natives, and are considered superior to those
which are dredged from the natural beds.
They breed in April or May, and are edible
in one and a half years, and in their prime
at three years. In order to prevent the total
extirpation or great diminution of the sup-
ply of oysters, a close season has been fixed,
which lasts from the 1st of May to the 31st
August. The fry or fertilized eggs of the
oyster are collectively termed spat. Other
species are 0. parasitica, an oyster of ex-
cellent flavour, abundant in the swamps of
warm climates, and found adhering to the
roots and branches of trees within reach of
the tide; and O. canadensis, or long-hinged
oyster, of North America, which is very
elongated. The name oyster has also been
popularly given to molluscs not of the fam-
ily Ostreidæ, as the pearl-oyster, which is a
member of the family Aviculidæ.
Oyster-bed (ois'ter-bed), n. A bed or breed-
ing place of oysters.
Oyster-catcher (ois'tèr-kach-ér), n.
popular name of the birds of the genus
Hæmatopus, belonging to the order of Gral-
latores, which reside on the sea-shore and
feed on marine animals. H. ostralegus, the
common oyster-catcher or sea-pie, is a

The

pine, pin; note, not, möve; tube, tub, bull;

[merged small][merged small][graphic][merged small]

straight, pointed, compressed into a wedge, and sufficiently strong to enable it to force open the shells of small mollusca on which the bird feeds.

Oyster-dredge (ois'tér-drej), n. A small dredge or drag-net for bringing up oysters from the bottom of the sea. Oyster-green (ois'ter-gren), n. A plant, the Ulva latissima, Linn.; also called Greenlaver and Green-sloke.

Oyster-knife (ois'ter-nif), n. A strong blunt knife for opening oysters.

Oysterling (ois'ter-ling), n. A young oyster; an oyster not full grown. Times. Oyster-patty (ois'ter-pat-ti), n. A patty or pasty made with oysters. Oyster-plant (ois'ter-plant), n. A name applied in Britain to Mertensia maritima, the leaves of which taste like oysters. Oyster-shell (ois'ter-shel), n. covering or shell of the oyster. Oyster-wench (ois'ter-wensh), n. A woman whose occupation is to sell oysters; a low woman. Shak.

The hard

Oyster-wife, Oyster-woman (ois'ter-wif, ois'tér-wy-man), n. A female seller of oysters. Ozena, Ozæna (ō-zē'na), n. [Gr. ozaina, from ozo, to smell.] A fetid ulcer in the nostril.

Ozocerite, Ozokerite (ō-zō-se'rīt, ō-zō-ke'rit), n. [Gr. ozo, to smell, and keros, wax.] A fossil resin existing in the bituminous sandstones of the coal-measures. It is like resinous wax in consistence and translucency, of a brown or brownish yellow colour, and of a pleasantly aromatic odour. In Moldavia it occurs in sufficient quantities to be used for economic purposes, and it is made into candles. It consists of about 86 per cent of carbon and 14 of hydrogen. Ozonation (ö-zön-ä'shon), n. The act or process of treating with ozone. Faraday. Ozone (o'zōn), n. [From Gr. ozo, to smell.] An allotropic modification of oxygen. The density of ozone is one-and-a-half times greater than that of oxygen. It is produced when an electric machine is worked, when a stick of phosphorus is allowed to oxidise slowly, and in various other ways. At a high temperature ozone is changed into ordinary oxygen, two volumes of the former yielding three volumes of the latter. Chemical tests show that ozone exists in the atmosphere to a minute extent, and in greater quantity in country districts than in towns, while in crowded thoroughfares it ceases to be recognizable. Ozone has a great power of destroying offensive odours, is a powerful bleacher, and an intense oxidizer. Ozoniferous (ō-zon-if'èr-us), a. Containing or furnishing ozone. Graham. Ozonification (ō-zōn'i-fi-kā"shon), n. The act of producing ozone. Ozonify (o-zōn'i-fi), v. t. To convert into ozone. Ozonize (o'zōn-iz), v.t. To charge or impregnate with ozone; to convert into ozone, as oxygen. Graham.

Ozonometer (ō-zōn-om'et-ér), n. [Ozone, and Gr. metron, a measure.] An apparatus for ascertaining the presence and measuring the amount of ozone in the atmosphere. Ozonometric (o'zōn-o-met"rik), a. Of or belonging to ozonometry; as, ozonometric observations.

Ozonometry (ō-zōn-om'et-ri), n. A term applied to the means for determining the presence and proportion of ozone in the atmosphere. Brande.

oil, pound; ü, Sc. abune; y, Sc. fey.

351

P is the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet,representing a labial articulation formed by a close compression of the anterior part of the lips, as in ap or pa. It is the surd mute to which the sonant b corresponds, and as regards the method of its utterance is also allied to f, v, and m (the labial nasal). This letter always has the same sound, unless when it forms with h the digraph ph, which occurs in words of Greek origin and has the same sound asf. It is hardly ever silent in the middle of a word (though it is so in receipt), but in a number of words borrowed from the Greek, when it is initial and followed by n, s, or t, it is not sounded. Such words are pneumatics, psalm, psalter, pterodactyl, pteropod; in ptarmigan, which is from the Gaelic, it has been unwarrantably inserted. At the end of a syllable, before s or t, it is pronounced along with these letters, as in wraps, lapse, attempt, and no other consonants can form part of a syllable with it in this position. It is often initial with l or r after it, or with 8 before it, as in play, pray, spring, and often final after l, m, r, and s, as in help, hemp, jump, harp, grasp, wasp. In several words it has been inserted to form a transition between an m and an 8 or at, as in empty, tempt, sempstress, Thompson; comp. the old nempne, to name. In lobster, cobweb it has become b; in purse, gossip b has become p. In the oldest stage of English and the other Teutonic languages p rarely occurs as the initial sound of words. In the ancient Anglo-Saxon poems some seven examples have been counted (path and play are two of them), and about the same number in the Gothic of Ulfilas, while in the ancient Icelandic or Norse poems of the heathen age they are even fewer in number. (Vigfusson.) This phenomenon corresponds to the similar rarity of initial b in the Greek and Latin languages, b by Grimm's law answering to Teutonic p. It consequently follows that the vast majority of words beginning with p that are now English have been borrowed from various sources in historical times, some of them being of doubtful origin, while many of them are directly from the French, Latin, and Greek.-In abbreviations P.M. stands for post meridiem (afternoon); P.S. for postscript; p, in music, signifies piano, softly; pp, più piano, more softly. To mind one's P's and Q's, or to be on one's P's and Q's, is a colloquial phrase signifying to be very careful in behaviour, the origin of it being unknown. Pa (pá), n. A childish or shorter form of Papa.

Paaget (pā'āj), n. [O.Fr. paage, Mod. Fr. péage, Pr. pezatge, It. pedaggio, from L.L. pedaticum, from pes, pedis, a foot.] A toll for passage over another person's grounds. Burke.

Paas (pas), n. [D. paasch. See PASCH.] The
Easter festival. [United States.]
Paat (pä'at), n. An Indian name of the jute
plant, belonging to the genus Corchorus.
See CORCHORUS and JUTE.

Pabs (pabz), n. pl. The refuse of flax. [Scotch.]

Pabular (pab'u-lèr), a. [L. pabulum, food, from root of pascor, pasci, to feed.] Pertaining to food; affording food or aliment. Johnson.

Pabulation (pab-u-la'shon), n. [L. pabulatio, from pabulor, to feed.] 1. The act of feeding or procuring provender.-2. Food; fodder. Pabulous (pab'u-lus), a. [L. pabulum, food.] Affording aliment or food; alimentary. Sir T. Browne.

Pabulum (pab'ú-lum), n. [L. See PABULAR.] 1. That which feeds or nourishes; food; aliment: often used figuratively of intellectual food, food for the intellectual faculties.2. That which feeds a fire; fuel. Bp. Berkeley. Paca (pā'ka), n. [Braz. and Pg. paca, from pak, paq, the native name.] A genus of rodent animals (Coelogenys) inhabiting South America and the West Indies, and allied to the agoutis, cavies, and capybara. common paca (C. Paca) is one of the largest of the rodents, being about 2 feet long and about 1 foot in height; its form is thick and

The

P.

clumsy, and the hinder limbs are much longer (but considerably bent) than the anterior ones. It lives in moist grounds, burrowing like the rabbit, but not so deeply,

Common Paca (Calogenys Paca).

its burrow being always provided with three openings. It feeds on vegetable substances, and is very destructive to plantations. Its flesh is very fat, and is much esteemed. Pacablet (pa'ka-bl), a. Capable of being pacified; pacifiable; placable. Coleridge. Pacate + (pa'kat), a. [L. pacatus, pp. of paco, pacatum, to pacify, from pax, pacis, peace.] Peaceful; tranquil.

Pacated (pa'kat-ed), a. Appeased. [Rare.] Pacation (pa-ka'shon), n. [L. paco, to calm or appease.] The act of pacifying or appeasing. The pacation of Ireland." Coleridge. Pacay (pa-ka'), n. A Peruvian tree (Prosopis dulcis) of the nat. order Leguminosæ, suborder Mimoseæ. It produces pods 20 inches to 2 feet long, which inclose black seeds imbedded in a pure white flaky substance. This substance is much esteemed in Peru as an article of diet.

Paccan (pak'an), n. A species of hickory. The plant is exclusively North American. See PECAN.

Pacchionian (pak-ki-ō'ni-an), a. [After Pacchioni, an Italian anatomist.] Of or belonging to Pacchioni.-Pacchionian glands or bodies, in anat. small whitish or yellowish bodies, sometimes separate, at others united like a bunch of grapes, which are observed in several parts of the dura and pia mater. They receive vessels, but apparently no nerves. Their texture and uses are unknown.

Pace (pās), n. [Fr. pas, from L. passus, a step, lit. a stretching out of the feet in walking, from pando, passum, to stretch out. Pass has the same origin. ] 1. A single change of the foot in walking; a step.-2. A linear measure of uncertain extent, representing the space naturally measured by the change of the foot in walking. In some cases the term is applied to the distance from the place where either foot is taken up to that where the same foot is set down, being assumed by some to be 5 feet, and by others 4 feet; this pace of a double step being called the geometrical pace. pace of a single step (the military pace) is estimated at 24 feet. The ancient Roman pace, considered as the thousandth part of a mile, was 5 Roman feet, and each foot contained between 11 60 and 1164 English inches; hence, the pace was about 58.1 English inches.-3. Manner of walking; walk; gait; as, a languishing pace; a heavy pace; a quick or slow pace.

The

But on rode these strange horsemen, With slow and lordly pace. Macaulay. 4. A step, measure, or piece of procedure. [Rare.]

The first pace necessary for his majesty is to fall into confidence with Spain. Sir W. Temple.

5. A mode of stepping, among horses, in which the legs on the same side are lifted together; an amble. Whether pace or trot.' Hudibras. In a wider sense the pace is of four kinds, including the walk, the trot, and the gallop, as well as the amble.-6. Degree of celerity; rate of progress.

To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, Creeps in this petty pace from day to day. Shak. 7. A portion of a floor slightly raised above the general level; a dais; a broad step or slightly raised space above some level.-To keep or hold pace with, to keep up with; to go or move as fast as: literally or figuratively.

In intellect and attainments he kept pace with his age. Southey. Pace (pās), v.i. pret. & pp. paced; ppr. pacing.

1. To step; to walk; to move; especially, to step slowly or with measured tread; to stride. Pacing through the forest.' Shak. 2. To make haste; to hasten. With speed so pace to speak of Perdita.' Shak.-3. To move by lifting the legs on the same side together, as a horse; to amble.

Pace (pās), v.t. 1. To measure by steps; as, to pace a piece of ground.-2. † To teach to go as a rider wishes; to break in; hence, to regulate in motion.

If you can, pace your wisdom

In that good path that I would wish it go. Shak. 3. To walk over with measured paces; as, the sentinel paces his round.

Pace,t v.i. or t. To pass away; to surpass; to exceed. Chaucer.

Paced (past), p. and a. 1. Having a particular gait: used chiefly in composition; as, slowpaced. -2. Trained in paces, as a horse; broken in; taught how to behave. Shak. Hence-Thorough-paced, lit. thoroughly trained; out-and-out; as, a thorough-paced intriguer, scoundrel, &c.

Pacer (pa'sér), n. One that paces; a horse well-trained in pacing.

Pacha (pa-shä'), n. [French spelling.] Same as Pasha.

Pachacamac (pach'a-kam-ak), n. The name given by the ancient Peruvians to the being whom they worshipped as the creator of the universe, and who was held by them in the highest veneration.

Pachalic, n. and a. See PASHALIC. Pachana (pä'cha-na), n. [Hind.] A bitter tonic infusion prepared in India from Tinospora cordifolia.

Pachira (pa-ki'ra), n. A genus of tropical American trees belonging to the Sterculiaceæ, and differing from Adansonia, the baobab tree, in the calyx being cup-shaped and entire, not five-toothed. The species are small or large trees, with digitate leaves, and the fruit is an oval woody one-celled capsule, opening by a number of divisions, and containing numerous seeds. P. alba is one of the most useful trees in New Granada, the inner bark furnishing a strong durable cordage. The wool of the seeds of P. Barrigon is used to stuff pillows, cushions, &c. Several of the species yield useful timber. The largest flowered species, P. macrantha, is found in Brazil. It attains a height of 100 feet and has flowers 15 inches long. The younger Linnæus, in ignorance that Aublet had previously given the name Pachira to the genus, gave it the name of Carolinea, in honour of the Princess Sophia Caroline of Baden, and under this name the plants are familiar in our hothouses. Pachometer (pa-kom'et-ér), n. [Gr. pachys, thick, and metron, a measure.] An instrument for measuring the thickness of the glass of mirrors.

Pachy blepharosis (pak'i-blef-a-rō"sis), n. [Gr. pachys, thick, and blepharon, the eyelid.] The thickening of the tissue of the eyelid from chronic inflammation. Pachycarpous (pak-i-kär'pus), a. [Gr. pachys, thick, and karpos, fruit.] In bot. having the pericarp very thick. Pachycormus (pak-i-kor'mus), n. [Gr. pachys, thick, and kormos, body.] A genus of fossil sauroid fishes found in the lias, so named from their robust bodies. Pachydactyl (pak-i-dak'til), n. [Gr. pachys, thick, and daktylos, a toe.] A bird or other animal having thick toes. Pachydactylous (pak-i-dak'til-us), a. [See above.] Thick-toed.

Pachydendron (pak-i-den'dron), n. [Gr. pachys, thick, and dendron, a tree.] A section of the liliaceous genus Aloë. The species are arborescent plants of the Cape of Good Hope, with crowded leaves at the top of the caudex, and nodding flowers in a terminal spike. Pachyderm (pak'i-dèrm), n. [Gr. pachys, thick, and derma, skin.] A non-ruminant hoofed animal; a member of the Cuvierian order Pachydermata. Pachydermal (pak-i-dèr'mal), a. Of or relating to the pachyderms; as, pachydermal dentition. Pachydermata (pak-i-dêr'ma-ta), n. pl. An old mammalian order constituted by

PACHYDERMATOID

Cuvier for the reception of quadrupeds which have hoofs, but do not ruminate, including the elephant, mastodon, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, tapir, horse, hog, &c. The group is now divided among Proboscidea, Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla (which see). Pachydermatoid (pak-i-dér'ma-toid), á. Related to the pachyderms or thick-skinned mammals.

Pachydermatous (pak-i-der'ma- tus), a. Relating to a pachyderm or to the order Pachydermata; thick-skinned; hence fig. applied to persons, not sensitive to ridicule, sarcasm, or the like. Pachyglossa (pak-i-glos'së), n. pl. [Gr. pachys, thick, and glossa, the tongue.] A section of saurian reptiles characterized by a thick fleshy tongue, convex, with a slight nick at the end. It embraced the families of the chameleons, geckos, iguanas, and agamas, but is now restricted to the two latter.

Pachyopterous (pak-i-op'tèr-us), a. [Gr. pachys, thick, and pteron, a wing.] Thickwinged.

Pachyote (pak'i-ōt), n. [Gr. pachys, thick, and ous, otos, an ear.] One of a family of bats characterized by thick external ears. Pachypteris (pa-kip'tér-is), n. [Gr. pachys, thick, and pteris, a fern with feathery leaves, pteron, a feather.] A genus of fossil ferns characterized by thick rigid leaves. They occur chiefly in the lower oolite. Pachyrhizodus (pak-i-riz'o-dus), n. [Gr. pachys, thick, rhiza, a root, and odous, a tooth. A genus of fossil cycloid fishes characterized by having circular bluntly conical teeth, thick at the base. They occur in the upper chalk.

Pachyrhizus (pak-i-rī'zus), n. [Gr. pachyrhizos, from pachys, thick, and rhiza, a root.] A genus of tropical leguminous plants of both hemispheres, one of whose species, P. angulatus, produces fleshy roots, often 6 or 8 feet long and of the thickness of a man's thigh, used in times of scarcity as an article of diet. The Fijians use the fibre of its twining stems in the construction of fishing-nets.

Pachyspondylus (pak-i-spon'di-lus), n. [Gr. pachys, thick, and spondylos, a joint of the backbone.] The fossil vertebræ of certain large sauroid South African reptiles, supposed to be of the triassic age. Pachystichous (pa-kis'ti-kus), a. [Gr. pachys, thick, and stichos, a row.] Thicksided. In bot. a term applied to cells having thick sides.

Pacifiable (pas-i-fï'a-bl), a. Capable of being pacified.

Pacific (pa-sif'ik), a. [L. pacificus, from pacifico, to make peace. See PACIFY.] 1. Suited to make or restore peace; adapted to reconcile differences; peace-making; conciliatory; mild; appeasing; as, to offer pacific propositions to a belligerent power. These pacific words ensue.' Pope.

Returning, in his bill

Milton.

An olive-leaf he brings, pacifick sign. 2. Characterized by peace or calm; calm; tranquil; as, a pacific state of things.3. Peaceful; not warlike; as, a man of pacific disposition. -4. Appellative of the ocean lying between the west coast of America and the east coast of Asia. See PACIFIC, n. SYN. Peace-making, appeasing, mild, gentle, conciliatory, tranquil, calm, quiet, peaceful, peaceable.

Pacific (pa-sif'ik), n. The appellation given to the ocean situated between the west coast of America and the east coast of Asia; so called on account of the exemption from violent tempests which early navigators supposed it to enjoy.

Pacificablet (pa-sif'i-ka-bl), a. Pacifiable.

The conscience is not pacificable, while sinne is within to vex it. Bp. Hall.

Pacifical (pa-sif'ik-al), a. Pacific. Wotton. [Rare.] Pacifically (pa-sif'ik-al-li), adv. In a pacific manner; peaceably; peacefully. Pacification (pa-sif'i-kā"shon), n. [L. pacificatio. See PACIFY.] The act of pacifying or of making peace between nations or parties at variance; appeasement; reconciliation.

He sent to the French king his chaplain... as best sorting with an embassy of pacification. Bacon. A world was to be saved by a pacification of wrath, through the dignity of that sacrifice which should be offered. Hooker.

Pacificator (pa-sif'i-kat-êr), n. [L.] A peacemaker; one that restores amity between contending parties or nations. Bacon.

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Pacificatory (pa-sif'i-kā-tėr-i), a. Tending to make peace; conciliatory. Barrow. Pacifier (pas'i-fi-ér), n. One who pacifies. Pacify (pas'i-fi), v. t. pret. & pp. pacified; ppr. pacifying. [Fr. pacifier, from L. pacifico-pax, pacis, peace, and facio, to make.] 1. To appease; to calm; to quiet; to allay the agitation or excitement of; as, to pacify a man when angry; to pacify importunate demands. 'Not one diverting syllable now to pacify our mistress.' Sir R. L'Estrange.-2. To restore peace to; to tranquillize; as, to pacify countries in contention.

He went on as far as York, to pacify and settle those countries. Bacon.

Pacinian (pa-sin'i-an), a. [After Pacini, an Italian anatomist.] Of or belonging to Pacini. -Pacinian bodies or corpuscles, in anat. certain minute oval bodies appended to the extremities of certain nerves, especially those of the hands and feet. They are called touch corpuscles, their function being probably to increase sensitiveness. Pack (pak), n. [Probably borrowed from the D. pak, a bundle, a parcel, a pack, a burden; G. pack, a parcel or bundle, also the rabble; Dan. pak, pakke, a pack. The word is also Celtic: Armor. Ir. and Gael. pac, a pack, whence L.L. paccus, and Fr. paquet, a packet or parcel, and perhaps it has passed from the Celtic to all the other languages.] 1. A bundle of anything inclosed in a cover or bound fast with cords;

especially, a bundle made up to be carried on the back; a bale; as, a pack of goods or cloth. A pack of wool, a quantity of wool equal to about 240 lbs. 2. A budget; a collection; a stock or store; as, a pack of troubles (commonly corrupted into a peck of troubles). 'A pack of sorrows." Shak. 'A pack of blessings.' Shak.

Pour out the pack of matter to mine ear,
The good and bad together.

Shak.

3. A complete set of playing-cards, or the number used in games. -4. A number of hounds or dogs hunting or kept together. He turned off his friends as a huntsman his pack. Goldsmith.

5. A number of persons united in a bad design or practice. 'A pack of rascals that walk the streets on nights.' Swift.-6. A large area of floating ice, consisting of pieces driven closely together. See PACKICE.-7. In hydropathy, a wet sheet or other covering for closely enveloping a patient; the process of thus wrapping, or state of being so wrapped up. - Naughty pack, an old term of reproach to male or female, but especially applied to a lewd woman. Pack (pak), v.t. [D. pakken, G. packen, Dan. pakke. See the noun.] 1. To put together in narrow compass, especially for transportation or storage; to make up into a package, bundle, or bale; to stow; as, to pack goods in a box or chest; to pack anything for carriage with cords or straps. A heap of strange materials packed up with wonderful art.' Addison.-2. To fill or stow with; to fill with contents arranged with some degree of regularity; as, to pack a trunk.-3. To put together, as cards, in such a manner as to secure the game; to put together in sorts with a fraudulent design. 'And mighty dukes pack cards for half-acrown.' Pope. Hence-4. To assemble or bring together iniquitously, with a view to some private interest or to favour some particular side; as, to pack a jury, that is, to select persons for a jury who may favour a party; to pack a meeting. A packed assembly of Italian bishops.' Atterbury.

Does it follow that we may dispense with the control of juries, or let juries be packed Brougham. 5. To load or burden with a pack or packs. 'Yet our horse not packed.' Shak.-6. To dismiss without ceremony; to cause to depart at once; to make begone; as, pack the fellow off.-7. To make impervious; to make air-tight by stuffing, as the piston of an engine; to stuff, as a joint.-8. To put up so as to preserve from decay or putrefaction; to preserve in close vessels; as, to pack meat or fish.-9. In hydropathy, to envelope in a wet sheet and other coverings; as, to pack a patient.

Pack (pak), v.i. 1. To tie up goods in bundles or packs; to put up things for transportation; as, I leave to-morrow, and must now go and pack.-2. To be capable of being pressed into small compass; to admit of being prepared for storage or transportation; as, the goods pack well.-3. To depart in haste: generally with off or away.

PACKING-BOX

Poor Stella must pack of to town. Swift. By the Lord that made me, you shall pack, And never more darken my doors again. Tennyson. This sense is derived from that of packing up one's baggage for travel. Compare to bundle off.-4. To settle or collect together into a compact mass; as, wet snow packs easily.-5. To gather together into bodies, packs, flocks or bands; as, the grouse are beginning to pack.-To send one packing or apacking, to bundle a person off or dismiss him without ceremony.

Packt (pak), n. [Corrupted from pact.] An agreement or contract; a pact.

Was not a pack agreed 'twixt thee and me? Daniel. It was found straight that this was a gross pack betwixt Saturninus and Marius. North.

Packt (pak), v.i. To form a pact; especially to unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to join in collusion. 'Go, pack with him.' Shak.

Pack (pak), a. Friendly; confidential. Burns. [Scotch.] Package (pak'aj), n. 1. A bundle or bale; a quantity pressed or bound together; as, a package of cloth.-2. A charge made for packing goods.-3. A duty formerly charged in the port of London on the goods imported and exported by aliens, or by deniPackall (pak'al), n. zens being the sons of aliens.

A kind of basket made of the outer rind of the ita palm (Mauritia Pack-cloth (pak'kloth), n. flexuosa). Simmonds. A stout, coarse cloth for packing goods in; packsheet. Pack-duck (pak'duk), n. A coarse sort of linen for pack-cloths. Packer (pak'er), n. One that packs; one whose business it is to pack up goods, and prepare them for transit by sea or land; one employed in packing provisions, as beef or herring, for preservation.

Packet (pak'et), n. [Fr. paquet, a small bundle. See PACK.] 1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; a mail of letters. "Wait till the postman brings the packet down.' Crabbe.-2. A despatchvessel; a ship or other vessel employed by government to convey letters from country to country or from port to port; a vessel employed in carrying mails, goods, and passengers on regular days of starting. Called also Packet-boat or Packet-vessel. Packet (pak'et), v. t. 1. To bind up in a parcel or parcels. 'Letters well sealed and packeted. Swift.-2. To send away or despatch in a packet-vessel. 'Her husband was packeted to France.' Ford. Packet-boat (pak'et-bōt), n. Packet, 2. Packet-day (pak'et-dā), n.

Same as

The mail-day;

the day for posting letters, or for the departure of a ship. Simmonds. Packet-ship, Packet-vessel (pak'et-ship, pak'et-ves-1), n. A ship that sails regularly between distant countries for the conveyance of despatches, letters, passengers, &c. Packfong (pak'fong), n. A Chinese alloy, known as white copper, and consisting of copper 40 4, zinc 25'4, nickel 316, and iron 26. Spelled also Pakfong. Packhorse (pak'hors), n. A horse employed in carrying packs or goods and baggage. 'A packhorse who is driven constantly forwards and backwards to market." Locke. Pack-house (pak'hous), n. A warehouse for receiving goods. Pack-ice (pak is), n. An assemblage of large floating pieces of ice of such magnitude that its extent is not discernible. A pack is said to be open when the pieces of ice, though very near each other, do not generally touch; and close, when the pieces are in complete contact.

Packing (pak'ing), n. 1. Any material used for filling up empty spaces, or for making close or tight; stuffing.-2. In masonry, small stones imbedded in mortar, employed to fill up the vacant spaces in the middle of walls.

Packing † (pakʼing), n. Trick; delusion; cheat; falsehood.

Here's packing, with a witness, to deceive us all!

Shak.

We do hope to find out all your tricks, Milton. Your plots and packing. Packing -awl (pak'ing-al), n. An awl for thrusting twine through packing cloth or the meshes of a hamper, in order to fasten the package by a tie. E. H. Knight. Packing-box (pak'ing-boks), n. 1. A box in which goods, &c., are packed.-2. In steamengines, same as Stuffing-box.

PACKING-CASE

Packing-case (pak'ing-kās), n. A deal or other box for moving and protecting goods. Packing-needle (pak'ing-nē-dl), n. A strong needle for sewing packages. Packing-officer (pak'ing-of-fis-ér), n. An excise-officer who superintends or watches the packing of exciseable articles. Simmonds.

Packing-press (pak'ing-pres), n. A powerful press, generally hydraulic, employed to compress goods, as cotton, linen, hay, straw, &c., into small bulk for the convenience of transport.

Packing-sheet (pak'ing-shet), n. 1. A large sheet for packing or covering goods.-2. In hydropathy, a wet sheet used for packing patients at water-cure establishments. Pack-load (pakʼlōd), n. The average load an animal can carry on its back. Simmonds. Packman (pak'man), n. One who carries a pack; a pedlar.

Packsaddle (pak'sad-1), n. A saddle on which packs or burdens are laid for conveyance. Shak.

Packsheet (pak'shēt), n. A strong coarse cloth for covering goods when made up in bales; a packing-sheet.

Packstaff (pak'staf), n. A staff on which a pedlar occasionally supports his pack. Bp. Hall.

Packthread (pak'thred), n. Strong thread or twine used in tying up parcels. Shak. Packware + (pak'war), n. Goods carried in a pack. Foxe.

Packwax (pak'waks), n. Same as Pax-wax. Pack-way (pak'wā), n. A narrow way or track by which goods can be conveyed only by pack-horses.

Paco (pa'ko), n. [Peruv. name.] A ruminant mammal, the alpaca. See ALPACA. Paco (pa'ko), n.

The Peruvian name of an earthy-looking ore, which consists of brown oxide of iron with imperceptible particles of native silver disseminated through it. Pacoury-ava (pa-kou'ri-a-va), n. The fruit of a Brazilian tree, Platonia insignis, of the nat. order Chisiacere. It is a sweet and delicious berry, and the seeds taste like almonds.

Pact (pakt), n. [Fr. pacte, L. pactum, from paciscor, pactus, to fix, settle, to make a bargain, to covenant.] A contract; an agreement or covenant. 'Nor oath nor pact Achilles plights with thee.' Pope. Paction (pak'shon), n. [L. pactio. See PACT.] An agreement or contract. Sir J. Hayward. Pactional (pak'shon-al), a. By way of agreement. Bp. Sanderson.

Pactitious (pak-ti'shus), a. Settled by agreement or stipulation. Johnson. Pactolian (pak-tō'li-an), a, Pertaining to Pactolus, a river in Lydia, famous for its golden sands. Craig.

Pactum (pak'tum), n. [L. See PACT.] In Scots law, a pact or agreement between two or more persons to give or perform anything. -Pactum illicitum, a general term applied to all contracts opposed to law, either as being contra legem (contrary to law), contra bonos mores (contrary to morality), or inconsistent with the principles of sound policy.

Pacu (pak'u), n. A South American freshwater fish, the Myletes Pacu, allied to the salmon, that has molars resembling those of a sheep, and browses on weeds, inhabiting the rivers of Guiana and tributaries of

the Amazon.

Pacul (pa'kul), n. A wild variety of plan

tain, from which some of the so-called Manilla hemp is obtained.

Pad (pad), n. [In meaning 1 a slightly dif ferent form of path (Prov. E. pad, Sc. paad, a path, to beat a path as among snow); in meaning 2 perhaps from meaning 1, and roadster, but perhaps from pad, a soft saddle. See below.] 1. A footpath; a road. The squire of the pad and the knight of the post. Prior. [Obsolete or provincial.] 2. An easy-paced horse. 'An abbot on an ambling pad.' Tennyson.-3. A robber that infests the road on foot: usually called a Footpad. 'Four pads in ambush.' Byron. Pad (pad), v.i. pret. padded; ppr. padding. 1. To travel slowly.-2. To rob on foot.3. To beat a way smooth and level. [Provincial.]

Pad (pad), n. [Origin very uncertain.] 1. Anything of the nature of a cushion; specifically, (a) a cushion, soft saddle, bolster, part of a garment, or the like, stuffed with straw, wool, cotton, or other soft material. (b) A quantity of blotting-paper or other soft material used for blotting writing or for

ch, chain; ch, Sc. loch; g, go; j, job;

353

writing upon; as, a blotting or writing pad. 2. [Comp. L. G. pad, the sole of the foot.] A fox's foot. [Provincial.]

Pad (pad), v. t. pret. & pp. padded; ppr. padding. 1. To stuff or furnish with a pad or padding.

I thought we knew him. What, it's you,

The padded man that wears the stays. Tennyson. 2. To imbue cloth equally with a mordant. Padalon (padʼa-lon), n. In Hind. myth. the abode of departed spirits.

Padart (pad'är), n. Groats; coarse flour or meal. Wotton.

Padder (pad'ér), n. A footpad; a robber on foot; a highwayman. Hudibras. Padding (padʼing), n. 1. The act of stuffing so as to make a pad.-2. The substance used for stuffing a saddle, bolster, garment, and the like.-3. In calico printing, the impregnation of the cloth with a mordant.4. Any matter or article inserted in a book or periodical in order to bring it up to a certain size, as articles of little literary worth in a monthly magazine; vamp.

Anybody who desires to know what is within the power of the average clergyman may take up one of the inferior magazines and read one of the articles which serve for padding. Saturday Rev.

Paddle (pad'l), v.i. pret. paddled; ppr. paddling. A freq. and dim. from pad, to go; L.G. paddeln, padden, to go with short steps, to paddle.] 1. To play in the water with the hands or feet for swimming or in sport.-2. To finger; to toy; to trifle with the fingers. Paddling in your neck with his damn'd fingers.' Shak.-3. To use a paddle; to row with a paddle.

Paddle (pad), v. t. pret. & pp. paddled; ppr. paddling. 1. To finger; to play with; to toy with. To be paddling palms and pinching fingers.' Shak.-2. To propel by an oar or Paddle (pad'l), n. paddle.

1. An oar, especially a sort of short oar with a broad blade used in propelling and steering canoes and boats by a vertical motion. 2. The blade or the broad part of an oar; a short broad blade, resembling that of an oar.

Thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon.
Deut. xxiii. 13.

3. Naut. one of the float-boards placed on the circumference of a wheel called the paddle-wheel, which is made to revolve by the action of the steam-engine.-4. In zool. a term applied to the swimming apparatus of the chelonian reptiles and of the marine saurians.-5. In glass manuf. an instrument with which the sand and ashes in

the furnace are stirred.-6. A panel made to fit the openings left in lock-gates and sluices for the purpose of letting the water in and out as may be required.-7. A small spade to clean a plough with: called in Scotland a pettle. [West of England.] Paddle-beam (pad'l-bēm), n.

Naut. one of

the two large beams projecting over the sides of a vessel, between which the paddlewheels revolve.

Paddle-board (pad'l-bōrd), n. One of the floats on the circumference of the wheel of a steam-vessel; a paddle.

Paddle-box (pad'l-boks), n. One of the wooden projections on each side of a steamboat or ship, within which are the paddlewheels. A name given Paddlecock (pad'l-kok), n. in the north of Scotland to the lump-fish Paddle-hole (pad'l-hol), n. (Cyclopterus).

One of the passages which conduct the water from the upper pond of a canal into the lock, and out of the lock into the lower pond. They are also called Clough-arches. Paddler (pad'l-ér), n. One that paddles.

He may make a paddler i' the world, From hand to mouth, but never a brave swimmer. Beau. & FL. Paddle-shaft (pad 'l-shaft), n. Naut. the axis on which the paddle-wheels revolve. Paddle-staff (pad'l-staf), n. 1. A staff headed with a broad iron, used by molecatchers.-2. A spade with a long handle, used by ploughmen to clear the share of earth, stubble, &c.; a paddle. Paddle-wheel (pad'l-whel), n.

Naut. one

of the wheels (generally two in number, and one placed on each side of the vessel) provided with boards or floats on their circumferences, and driven by steam, for the purpose of propelling steam-ships. Paddle-wood (pad'l-wöd), n. The wood of the Aspidosperma excelsum, a South American exogenous tree of the nat. order Apocynacea. The trunk is fluted, being comi, Fr. ton; ng, sing; TH, then; th, thin;

PEAN

posed of solid projecting radii, which fluted projections the Indians use for planks and paddles. The wood is elastic and very strong.

Paddock (pad'ok), n. [A. Sax. pada, a frog, a toad, with suffix -ock, which is here probably augmentative; Icel. and Sw. padda, Dan. padde, D. pad, padde, Prov. G. padde, a frog or toad.] A toad or frog. Shak. The word is a common provincial word in England and Scotland, and generally applied to the frog.

Paddock (pad'ok), n. [Perhaps from pad, a horse, lit. an inclosure for pasturing a pad or nag; or it may be corrupted from parrock (which see).] A small field or inclosure, especially a small inclosure under pasture immediately adjoining a stable. Villas environed with parks, paddocks, and plantations.' Evelyn.

Paddock-pipe (pad'ok-pip), n. A plant of
the genus Equisetum, called also Horse-tail.
Paddock-stone (pad'ok-stōn), n.
See EQUISETUM.

A stone anciently believed to grow in the head of a toad, and to possess great magical and medical virtues.

Paddock-stool (pad'ok-stöl), n. A plant of the genus Agaricus; a mushroom; a toadstool. Paddy (pad'i), n. [From Padraic, Ir. form of Patrick, a frequent Christian name in Ireland, after St. Patrick, its tutelar saint.] A cant name for an Irishman.

Paddy (pad'i), n. [Malay padi.] Rice in the husk whether in the field or gathered. [East Indies.]

Paddy (pad'di), a. [Perhaps from pad, to travel, and meaning literally wandering, vagrant.] Mean; poor; contemptible; low in manners or character.

Paddy-bird (pad'di-bèrd), n. Another name for the rice-bird or Java sparrow. See RICE

BIRD.

Padelion (pa-dēʼli-on), n. [Fr. pas de lion, lion's foot.] A plant, lion's-foot (which see). Padella (pa-della), n. [It., from L. patella, dim. of patera, a cup. See PATELLA.] 1. A small frying-pan; a kind of oven.-2. A large metal or earthenware cup or deep saucer containing fatty matter in which a wick is inserted, used in illuminations. Padesoy (pad'e-soi), n.

The same as Pad

[blocks in formation]

nyson.

Padma (pad'ma), n. The Indian name for the true lotus or sacred bean-lily (Nelumbium speciosum).

Padnag (pad'nag), n.

A nag ridden with a pad by way of saddle; an ambling nag. 'An easy padnag for his wife.' Macaulay. Padou (pad'ö), n. A sort of silk ferret or

ribbon. Simmonds. Padouk (pa-dök'), n. The Burmese name for the Pterocarpus indicus, a valuable forest tree, nat. order Leguminosa. Padow-pipe (pad'o-pīp), n. dock-pipe. [Local.]

Same as Pad

Padra (pä'dra), n. A kind of black tea of superior quality.

Paduan (pad'u-an), a. Of or relating to Padua in Italy. -Paduan coins, coins forged by the celebrated Paduans Cavino and Bassiano.

Paduan (pad'ū-an), n. A native or inhabitant of Padua.

Paduasoy (pad'ū-a-soi), n. [From Padua, in Italy, and Fr. soie, silk.] A particular kind of silk stuff. Called also Padesoy. 1. An ancient Greek Pæan (pe'an), n. hymn in honour of Apollo, who was also called Pæan. Also, a war-song before or after a battle; in the first case, in honour of Mars; in the second, as a thanksgiving to Apollo. Hence, a song of triumph generally; a loud and joyous song.

The first persons to sing public peans of congratulation were the dissenters of Birmingham, De Quincey. 2. Same as Pæon.

w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure.-See KEY.

PÆDAGOGICS

Pædagogics (pe-da-goj'iks), n. Pedagogics (which see). Pædagogy (pe'da-goj-i),n. Pedagogy (which see).

Pædagogy forms one of the most extensive departments of German literature. Sir W. Hamilton. Pæderia (pē-dē'ri-a), n. [L. pædor, stench.] A genus of shrubby plants, nat. order Cinchonaceæ. P. foetida is a native of the East Indies, China, and Japan. The leaves have a very fetid and alliaceous odour when bruised, and are used, in decoction, medicinally in cases of retention of urine and some febrile complaints.

Pædobaptism (pe-do-bap'tizm), n. [Gr. pais, paidos, a child, and baptisma, baptism.] The baptism of infants or of children.

Pædobaptist (pe-do-bap'tist), n. One who holds to infant baptism; one who practises the baptism of children.

Pædo-nosology (pe'dō-no-solo-ji), n. [Gr. pais, paidos, a child, nosos, disease, and logos, discourse.] The study of the diseases of children.

Pædotrophy, Pædotrophia (pe-dot'ro-fi, pe-do-tro'fi-a), n. [Gr. pais, paidos, a child, and trepho, to nourish.] That branch of hygiene which treats of the nourishment of infants and children. Dunglison. Pæon (pe'on), n. [Gr. paion. ] In anc. pros. a foot of four syllables, and of four different kinds, as shown in the words temporibus, potentia, ănimātus, celeritās. Written also, but less correctly, Paan. Pæonia (pe-ō'ni-a), n. [After Pæon, the physician of the gods, who is said to have first used the pæony medicinally.] A genus chiefly of European and Asiatic plants, belonging to the nat. order Ranunculaceæ, and very generally cultivated in gardens for the sake of their large gaudy flowers, and known by the name of pæony, peony, or piony. The species are mostly herbaceous, having perennial tuberous roots and large deeply lobed leaves. The flowers are solitary, and of a crimson, purplish, or sometimes white colour. One species (P.Moutan), a native of China, is a shrub, of which several varieties, with beautiful whitish flowers stained with pink, are now in our gardens. The flowers, however, have no smell, or not an agreeable one. P. corallina, a plant with crimson petals, has long been reported as growing on an island in the Severn, but it is scarcely considered indigenous. The roots and seeds of all the species are emetic and cathartic in moderate doses. P. officinalis or festiva, the common pæony of our cottage gardens, was formerly in great repute as a medicine.

Pæonin (pe'on-in), n. A red colouring matter obtained from phenilic acid by the action of sulphuric and oxalic acids. It gives to wool and silk brilliant crimson and scarlet colours.

Pæony (pe'ō-ni), n. See PEONIA. Pagack (pa-gak'), n. A Russian wine measure containing 10 gallons. Pagadoret (pa-ga-dor'), n. [Sp. pagador.] A paymaster or treasurer. Spenser. Pagah (pa'ga), n. In India, a body-guard the elite of a native army.

Pagan (pa'gan), n. [L. paganus, a peasant or countryman, from pagus, a village.] One who worships false gods; one who is neither a Christian, a Jew, nor a Mohammedan; a heathen; an idolater. This word was originally applied to the inhabitants of the country, who on the first propagation of the Christian religion adhered to the worship of false gods, or refused to receive Christianity after it had been received by the inhabitants of the cities.

Religion did first take place in cities; and in that respect was a cause why the name of pagans, which properly signifieth a country people, came to be used in common speech for the same that infidels and unbelievers were.

Hooker.

Pagan (pa'gan), a. Pertaining to the worship or worshippers of false gods; heathenish; idolatrous; as, pagan superstitions. 'All the rites of pagan honour paid.' Dryden. What a pagan rascal is this! an infidel!' Shak.

Paganic, Paganical† (pa-gan'ik, pā-gan'ik-al), a. Relating to pagans; pagan. Paganick fables of gods.' Cudworth.

They are not so much to be accompted atheists, as spurious, paganical, and idolatrous atheists. Cudworth. Paganically (på-gan'ik-al-li), adv. In a paganic manner.

The one and only God (saith Clemens) is worshipped by the Greeks paganically, by the Jews judaically, but by us newly and spiritually. Cudworth.

354

Paganish (pa'gan-ish), a. Heathenish; pertaining to pagans. Paganish pastime and worship.' Bourne.

Paganism (pa'gan-izm), n. [Fr. paganisme. See PAGAN.] The worship of false gods, or the system of religious opinions and worship maintained by pagans; heathenism. Men instructed from their infancy in the principles and duties of Christianity, never sink to the degra dation of paganism. Dr. G. Spring.

Paganity+ (pa-gan'i-ti), n. The state of being a pagan; paganism. Cudworth. Paganize (pa'gan-iz), v.t. pret. & pp. paganized; ppr. paganizing. To render heathenish; to convert to heathenism.

God's own people were sometimes so miserably depraved and paganized as to sacrifice their sons and daughters unto devils. Hally well. Paganize (pā'gan-iz), v.i. To behave like pagans. Milton. Paganlyt (pa'gan-li), adv. In a pagan man

ner.

This, I must confess, I am not so paganly superstitious as to believe one syllable of. Dr. H. More. Page (paj), n. [Fr. page, It. paggio, a page. Diez derives it from Gr. paidion, a dim. of pais, paidos, a boy, saying the word might have been brought into Italy by the Greeks or by the Crusaders. Littré questions this derivation, pointing out that the original sense of page was not a little boy, but a domestic or servant of inferior condition; he therefore derives it from a L.L. pagius, a rustic, from L. pagus, a country district, which allies it with pagan (which see).] 1. A young male attendant on kings, nobles, or other persons of distinction; a lad in the service of people of rank or wealth, whose duty it is to run errands, attend to the door, &c.-2. In America, a boy or man that attends on a legislative body; as, the pages of Congress.-3.† A boy.

A child that was of half-year age

In cradle it lay, and was a proper page. Chaucer. 4. A contrivance for holding up the skirts of a lady's dress so that they may not drag on the ground.

Page (paj), n. [Fr., from L. pagina, a page, as lame from lamina, femme from fœmina. Root pag, seen in L. pango, Gr. pëgnymi, to fix. 1. One side of a leaf of a book. A folio volume contains four pages in every sheet; a quarto (4to), eight; an octavo (8vo), sixteen; a duodecimo (12mo), twenty-four; and an octodecimo (18mo), thirty-six pages. 2. A writing or record; as, the page of history; the sacred pages.-3. In printing, types set up for one side of a leaf.-Page cord, in printing, small twine, even and strong, which is used to tie round the pages of types to secure them from accidents till they are imposed, when the cords are taken off.Page paper, stout and smooth paper, on which the pages of types in the progress of a work are placed in a safe place till a sheet is ready to be imposed.

Page (paj), v.t. pret. & pp. paged; ppr. paging. To mark or number the pages of a book or manuscript.

Page (paj), v. t. pret. & pp. paged; ppr. paging. To attend, as a page. Will these moss'd trees That have outlived the eagle, page thy heels, Shak. And skip when thou point'st out. [Old forms pagyn, Pageant (paj'ent), n. pagen; originally a scaffold for scenic exhibitions, from L. paginatum, a structure joined together, from pango, to fix, whence also page (of a book).] 1. A triumphal car, chariot, arch, statue, or other object forming part of or carried in public shows and processions.

The poets contrived the following pageant or machine for the pope's entertainment: a huge floating mountain that was split in the top in imitation of Parnassus. Addison.

2. A spectacle of entertainment; a show; a theatrical exhibition. If you will see a pageant truly played.' Shak.

I'll play my part in fortune's pageant. Shak. 3. Anything showy, without stability or duration.

Pope.

Thus unlamented pass the proud away, The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day. Pageant (paj'ent), a. Showy; pompous; ostentatious. "The pageant pomp of such a servile throne.' Dryden. Pageant (paj'ent), v. t. To exhibit in show; to represent. He pageants us.' Shak. Pageantry (paj'ent-ri), n. Pageants or shows; a pompous exhibition or spectacle; splendid or ostentatious show. What pageantry, what feats, what shows.' Shak. Pagehood (paj'hud), n. The state of a page. Sir W. Scott.

rus.

PAGUMA

Pagellus (pa-jel'lus), n. [Dim. of L. pagSee PAGRUS.] A genus of acanthopterygian fishes of the family Sparida. About six European species are known, including the Spanish bream (P. Owenii) and seabream (P. centrodontus), the latter one of the commonest fishes round the British coasts. Pagery (päj'ri), n. The rank or character of a page. B. Jonson. Pagil, n. See PAIGLE.

Pagina (pa'ji-na), n. [L., a leaf or page.]

A

In bot. the surface of a leaf. Paginal (paj'in-al), a. Consisting of pages. 'An expression proper unto the paginal books of our times, but not so agreeable unto volumes or rolling books in use among the Jews.' Sir T. Browne. Pagination (paj-i-na'shon), n. Act of paging; marks or figures on pages. Paging-machine (paj'ing-ma-shen), n. machine for paging books and numbering documents; a numbering machine. Pagod (pa'god), n. Same as Pagoda. "They worship idols called pagods.' Stillingfleet. "Thronging millions to the pagod run. Pope. Pagoda (pa-go'da), n. [Fr. pagode, from Per. and Hind. but-gadah-but, an idol, and gadah, a house.] 1. A Hindu temple in which idols are worshipped. The pagoda is generally of three subdivisions. First, an apartment whose ceiling is a dome, resting on columns; this part is open to all

[graphic]

Great Pagoda at Bhuvaneswar, Orissa, India.-
Fergusson.

persons. Second, an apartment forbidden to all but Brahmins. Third and last, the cell of the deity or idol inclosed with a massy gate. Pagodas are generally of a pyramidal form, and of a number of stories. The name is also given to Buddhist temples in Siam, Burmah, and China.-2.† An idol; an image of some supposed deity. Stillingfleet.-3. A gold or silver coin current in Hindustan, of different values in different parts of India, from 88. to 98. sterling.

Pagoda-stone (pa-go'da-ston), n. A limestone found in China inclosing numerous fossil orthoceratites, whose septa when cut present a resemblance to a pagoda. The Chinese believe that the fossils are engendered in the rock by the shadows of the pagodas that stand above them. Pagodite (pa'god-it), n. A name given to the mineral which the Chinese carve into figures of pagodas, images of idols, and ornaments. It is called also Agalmatolite and Figure-stone.

Pagrus (pag'rus), n. [L. pagrus, Gr. pagros, an unknown fish.] A genus of acanthopterygian fishes, of the sparoid or bream family, containing the braise or becker (P. vulgaris), and Couch's sea-bream (P. orphus), both found on the British coasts, though the latter is rare. The becker weighs five or six pounds. It is mainly of a bright red colour.

Paguma (pa-gu'ma), n. A name of several mammals of the genus Paradoxurus, of the family Viverrida (civets and genets), inhabiting Eastern Asia. The masked paguma (P. larvatus) is called masked on account of the white streak down the forehead and nose, and the white circle round the eyes, which gives the creature an asIt pect as if it wore an artificial mask. has been found in China, whence several specimens have been brought to England.

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