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PHYLLOCYANIN

They are for the most part natives of the East Indies, Australia, and South America. The males have long antennæ and wings, and can fly; the females have short antennæ, and are incapable of flight. The cut shows the female of P. siccifolium (two-thirds the natural size).

Phyllocyanin (fil-ō-si'a-nin), n. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and kyanos, blue.] The blue colouring principle of chlorophyll. Phyllocyst (fil'lo-sist), n. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and kystis, a cyst.] A name given to the cavities in the interior of the hydrophyllia of certain of the oceanic Hydrozoa. Phyllode (fil-ōd), n. Same as Phyllodium. Phyllodineous (fil-lo-din'e-us), a. In bot. having flattened leaf-like twigsor leaf-stalks instead of true leaves. Phyllodium (fil-lō'dium), n. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and eidos, likeness.] In bot. a leaf-stalk when it becomes developed into a flattened expansion like a leaf, as in some Australian acacias, and in some species of Oxalis, Bupleurum, &c. Phyllogen (fil'lo-gen), n. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and genein, to produce.] The same as Phyllophore. Phyllograpsus (fil-ōgrap'sus), n. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and graphō, I write.] Same as Graptopera (which see). Phylloid (fil'oid), a. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and eidos, form.] Leaf-like; shaped like a leaf.

a, Phyllodium (Acacia heterophylla).

Phyllomania (fil-lo-ma'ni-a), n. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and mania, madness.] In bot. the production of leaves in unusual numbers or in unusual places.

Phyllophagan (fil-of'a-gan), n. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and phago, to eat.] One of a section (Phyllophaga) of lamellicorn coleopterous insects containing the chafers, and so called from these insects feeding on the leaves of trees. Phyllophagous (fil-of'a-gus), a. [See above.] Leaf-eating.

Phyllophore (fillo-for), n. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and phoros, bearing, from phero, to bear.] In bot. the terminal bud or growing point in palms.

Phyllophorous (fil-of'o-rus), a. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and phero, to bear.] Leaf-bearing; producing leaves.

Phyllopod (fil'lo-pod), n. One of the Phyllopoda.

Phyllopoda (fil-op'o-da), n. pl. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and pous, podos, a foot.] An order of branchiopodous crustaceans, in which the body is elongated, and the extremities of a flattened form, like that of a leaf, for the purpose of swimming, as in the Branchipus. They are chiefly interesting from their affinity to the extinct trilobites, and are by some united with the Ostracoda. Phylloptosis (fil-op'to-sis), n. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and ptosis, a falling.] In bot. the fall of the leaf.

Phyllosomata (fil-o-so'ma-ta), n. pl. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and soma, a body.] A name given to what was formerly regarded as a distinct family of double-cuirassed crustaceans, belonging to the order Stomapoda, composed of forms which are very remarkable for their rounded shape and the transparency of their teguments. They, or at least some of them, are now known to be larval forms of macrurous decapods. See GLASS-CRAB.

Phyllostoma (fil-os'to-ma), n. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and stoma, a mouth.] A genus of bats belonging to the family Phyllostomidæ. Phyllostome (fil'o-stöm), n. (Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and stoma, a mouth.] A leaf-nosed bat, a member of the family Phyllostomidae (which see). Phyllostomidæ (fil-o-stom'i-de), n. pl. The spectrebats, a family of in

sectivorous Cheir- Head of Vampire-bat (Phyl optera, which lostoma spectrum). have a simple and

fleshy leaflike appendage to the nose (whence the name), and a fore-finger of two joints.

435

They attain to a considerable size, Phyllostoma spectrum having an expanse of wing of 2 feet. The family comprises the vampires or blood-sucking bats. See VAM

PIRE-BAT.

Phyllotactic (fil-o-tak'tik), a. Pertaining to phyllotaxis.

Phyllotaxis, Phyllotaxy (fil'o-tak-sis, filo-tak-si), n. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and taxis, order.] In bot. the arrangement of the leaves on the axis or stem.

Phylloxanthin (fil-lok-san'thin), n. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and xanthos, yellow.] The yellow colouring principle of chlorophyll. Phylloxera (fil-ok-se'ra), n. [Gr. phyllon, a leaf, and xeros, parched.] A genus of insects which infests the leaves and roots of the oak, vine, &c., forming leaf-galls. There are a good many species, but the one best known is the P. vastatrix, introduced into Europe from N. America, and causing much damage in some wine-producing countries. Phyllula (fil'lü-la), n. In bot. the scar left on a branch by the fall of a leaf. Phylogenesis (fi-lo-jen'e-sis), n. [Gr. phyle, a class or tribe, and E. genesis.] The history of the genealogical development of an organized being; the race history of an animal or vegetable type, as distinguished from ontogenesis, the history of individual development, and from biogenesis, or life-development generally. See extract under ONTOGENESIS.

Phylogenetic (fi'lo-je-net"ik), a.

Pertain

ing to phylogenesis or phylogeny, or the race history of an animal. The probable phylogenetic origin of the nervous system.' Nineteenth Century.

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Phylogenetically (filo-je-net"ik-al-i), adv. See extract under ONTOGENETICALLY.

Phylogeny (fi-loj'e-ni), n. [Gr. phyle, a tribe, and gennao, to produce.] In biol. the origin and genealogy of races or types of animal forms.

We believe that more solid progress will be made by carefully working out the application of natural selection to restricted and well-known animal groups than by attempting the construction of more comNature. prehensive and imposing phylogenies.

Phyma (fi'ma), n. [Gr. phyma, from phyō, to produce.] An imperfectly suppurating tumour, forming an abscess; a tubercle on any external part of the body. Physa (fi'sa), n. [Gr. physa, a bladder.] A genus of fresh-water molluscs belonging to the family Lymnæidæ, frequently found on the under surface of the leaves of aquatic plants.

Physalia (fi-sali-a), n. [Gr. physalis, a bubble or bladder.] A genus of Hydrozoa, of the sub-class Siphonophora and order Physophoridæ, remarkable for its size, the brilliancy of its hues, and the severe burning pain produced by its contact. The P. atlantica or pelagica is known by the name of the Portuguese man-of-war. These hydrozoa are characterized by the presence of one or more large air-sacs, by which great buoyancy is given to them, so that they float on the surface of the tropical

ocean. Numerous Physalia atlantica (Portutentacula depend guese man-of-war). from the under side,

one class short and the other long. The shorter are the nutritive individuals of the colony, the longer, which in a Physalia 5 or 6 inches long are capable of being extended to 12 or 18 feet, possess a remarkable stinging power, and are probably used to stun their prey.

Physalis (fi'sal-is), n. [Gr. physalis, a bladder-from the inflated calyx.] A genus of plants belonging to the nat. order Solanaceæ. They are annual or perennial herbs, with entire (or rarely pinnatifid) leaves, small axillary flowers, and globose berries, which are included in an inflated calyx. The fruit of P. Alkekengi, or winter cherry, is diuretic, and is used by veterinary surgeons. It is often grown in gardens for its ornamental fruit. The fruit of P. pubescens (the 'Cape gooseberry') forms a delicious preserve.

PHYSICIAN

Physalite (fi'sa-lit), n. [Gr. physao, to swell or inflate, and lithos, a stone.] A miueral of a greenish-white colour, a sub-species of prismatic topaz: called also Pyrophysalite, as it intumesces in heat. Physconia (fis-ko'ni-a), n. [Gr. physkōn, a big-bellied person.] In med. an enlargement of the abdomen, unconnected with dropsy, such as a morbid state of the liver or of the spleen.

Physeter (fi-se'tér), n. [Gr. physētēr, a pair of bellows.] 1. The spermaceti whale. See CACHALOT.-2. A filtering machine or apparatus worked by atmospheric pressure. Physianthropy (fiz-i-an'thro-pi), n. physis, nature, and anthropos, man.] The philosophy of human life, or the doctrine of the constitution and diseases of man, and the remedies. [Rare.]

[Gr.

Physic (fiz'ik), n. [Gr. physikos, pertaining to nature, natural, from physis, nature, from phyō, to bring forth, to spring up or forth, to come into being; cog. with Skr. bhú (L. fu), to be, to exist; E. to be.] 1. The science or knowledge of medicine; the art of healing diseases; the medical art or profession; medicine.

Were it my business to understand physic, would not the safer way be to consult nature herself in the history of diseases and their cures. Locke.

2. A medicine or medicines; remedy for disease.

He 'scapes the best, who nature to repair Draws physic from the fields in draughts of air. Dryden. 3. In popular language, a medicine that purges; a purge; a cathartic.

The people used physic to purge themselves of humours. Abp. Abbot. -Physic garden, an old name for a botanic garden.

Physic (fiz'ik), v.t. 1. To treat with physic; to evacuate the bowels with a cathartic; to purge.-2. To treat with remedies; to cure.

The labour we delight in physics pain. Shak. Physical (fiz'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to nature; relating to what is material and perceived by the senses; pertaining to the material part or structure of an organized being, as opposed to what is mental, moral, or imaginary; in accordance with the laws of nature; material.

If the government were subverted by physical force, all the movable wealth would be exposed to imminent risk of spoliation and destruction.

Macaulay.

Labour, then, in the physical world is always and solely employed in putting objects in motion; the properties of matter, the laws of nature do the rest. F. S. Mill. 2. Pertaining to physics or natural philosophy; as, physical science; physical law, &c. 3. External; obvious to the senses; cognizable through a bodily or material organization; as, the physical characters of a mineral: opposed to chemical.-4. † Relating to the art of healing.-5. † Having the property of evacuating the bowels; purgative. 6. † Medicinal; promoting the cure of dis

[graphic]

eases.

Is Brutus sick? and is it physical

To walk unbraced, and suck up the humours
Of the dark morning?
Shak.

-Physical astronomy, physical education, physical geography, physical optics, physical point, physical science. See the nouns. Physicalist (fiz'ik-al-ist), n. One who maintains that man's intellectual and moral nature depends on and results from his physical constitution; one who holds that human thought and action are determined by physical organization.

Physically (fiz'ik-al-li), adv. 1. In a physical manner; according to nature; according to physics or natural philosophy; not intellectually or morally.

I am not now treating physically of light or colours. Locke. 2. According to the art or rules of medicine.

He that lives physically, must live miserably. Cheyne. Physicalness (fiz'ik-al-nes), n. The state of being physical. Worcester. Physician (fi-zi'shan), n. [See PHYSIC.] 1. A person skilled in the art of healing; one whose profession is to prescribe remedies for diseases; one holding a license to practise physic from any competent authority, such as the Royal College of Physicians of London. The duty of the physician, in the narrow sense, is to prescribe remedies, while the surgeon performs operations, but surgery may also be included in the profession of physician.

PHYSICIANED

The patient dies while the physician sleeps; The orphan pines while the oppressor feeds. Shak 2. One that heals moral diseases; as, a physician of the soul. See PHYSIC. Physicianedt (fl-zi'shand), a. Educated or licensed as a physician. "One Dr. Lucas, a physicianed apothecary.' H. Walpole. Physicism (fiz'i-sizm), n. The practice of ascribing everything to merely physical or material causes, to the exclusion of spirit. Physicist (fiz'i-sist), n. One skilled in physics; a natural philosopher.

The physicist studies the effect of the various forms of natural force, such as heat, light, and electricity, upon matter in its different states of solid, liquid, and gas; he investigates the laws which determine the motion and equilibrium of bodies, besides much more which cannot here be enlarged upon. Madan.

436

modified, as well as of the climates, life, &c., of the globe; physical geography. See

extract.

It is very desirable that those who live on the earth should know something of its nature, origin, and history, and also of its relation to the other bodies of the universe. This kind of research it has been proposed to call physiography, and it must be understood to include physical geography, some depart. ments of general physics, geology, chemistry, biology, and some investigations with regard to the nature and composition of the sun, the stars, the nebulæ, and other celestial phenomena. Ansted. Physiologer (fiz-i-ol’oj-ér), n. A physiologist.

Physiologic, Physiological (fiz'i-o-loj"ik, fiz'i-o-loj ik-al), a. Pertaining to physiology; relating to the science that deals with the structure and functions of animals and plants.

Physic-nut (fiz'ik-nut), n. See CURCAS.
Physico-logic (fiz'ik-ó-loj"ik), n. Logic il- Physiologically (fiz'i-o-loj"ik-al-li), adv.
lustrated by physics.
Physico-logical (fiz'ik-ō-loj"ik-al), a.

Per

taining to physico-logic. Swift. [Rare.] Physico-mathematics (fiz'ik-o-math'emat"iks), n. Mixed mathematics. See under MATHEMATICS.

Physico-philosophy (fiz'i-kō-fi-los”o-fi), n. The philosophy of nature. Physico-theology (fiz'ik-ō-the-ol"o-ji), n. Theology or divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy. Physics (fiz'iks), n. [Gr. physika, physical or natural things. See PHYSIC.] In the widest sense, that branch of science which treats of the laws and properties of matter; the science of nature; but the term is now universally used in a narrower sense, and as equivalent to natural philosophy it means that branch of science which treats of the general properties of bodies as bodies, and of the phenomena produced by the action of the various forces on matter in the mass. It is sometimes defined as the science of

energy, dealing with matter and its properties especially in so far as they are intimately associated with the transformations of energy. Physics, therefore, includes dynamics, and the branches of science that deal with light, heat, electricity, and magnetism.

Physiognomer (fiz-i-og'no-měr), n. Same as Physiognomist. Peacham. Physiognomic, Physiognomical (fiz'i-ognom"ik, fiz'i-og-nom"ik-al), a. [See PHYSIOGNOMY.] Pertaining to physiognomy.

In long observation of men he may acquire a phy siognomical intuitive knowledge; judge the interiours by the outside.

Sir T. Browne.

One

Το

Physiognomics (fiz'i-og-nom"iks), n. Same as Physiognomy, 1. Physiognomist (fiz-i-og'no-mist), n. skilled in physiognomy: (a) one able to judge of the particular temper or other qualities of the mind by signs in the countenance. (b) One who tells fortunes by scrutiny of the face. 'A certain physiognomist or teller of fortune by looking only upon the face of men and women.' Holland. Physiognomize (fiz-i-og'no-miz), v.t. observe the physiognomy of; to practise physiognomy upon. Southey. [Rare.] Physiognomonic (fiz-i-og'no-mon'ik), a. Same as Physiognomic. Physiognomy (fiz-i-og'no-mi), n. [Properly physiognomony, from Gr. physiognomonia physis, nature, and gnomon, one who knows, from stem of gignōskō, ginōsko, to know.] 1. The art of discerning the character of the mind from the features of the face, or the art of discovering the predominant temper or other characteristic qualities of the mind by the form of the body.-2. The face or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind; particular configuration, cast, or expression of countenance.

The end of portraits consists of expressing the true temper of those persons which it represents, and to make known their physiognomy. Dryden.

An in

3. The art of telling fortunes by inspection of the features.-4. In bot. the general appearance of a plant without reference to botanical characters. Balfour. Physiognotype (fiz-i-og'no-tip), n. strument for taking an exact imprint or cast of the countenance. Physiogony (fiz-i-og'o-ni), n. [Gr. physis. nature, and gone, generation.] The production or generation of nature. Coleridge. Physiographical (fiz'i-ō-graf”ik-al), a. Pertaining to physiography. Physiography (fiz-i-og'ra-fi), n. [Gr. physis, nature, and graphō, to describe.] The science which treats of the earth's physical features, and the causes by which they have been

According to the principles of physiology. Physiologist (fiz-i-ol'o-jist),n. One who is versed in or who treats of physiology. Physiology (fiz-i-ol'o-ji), n. [Fr. physiolo gie, Gr. physiologia-physis, nature, and logos, discourse.] That science which has for its aim the study and elucidation of the actions and processes incidental to and characteristic of the living state, whether in animals or plants. The subject thus comprises two grand divisions, namely, animal and vegetable physiology; when more specially applied to the investigation of the functions in man the appellation human physiology is applied to the science.

Physiology is the science which treats of the functions of the living organism, ascertains their co-ordi. nations and their correlations in the general chain of causes and effects, and traces out their dependence upon the physical states of the organs by which these functions are exercised. Huxley.

Physique (fë-zēk ́), n. [Fr.] The physical structure or organization of an individual. Physnomyt (fiz'no-mi), n. Physiognomy.

Faith, sir, he has an English name, but his phis nomy is more hotter in France than here. Shak. Physocalymma (fi'zō-ka-lim”a), n. [Gr. physa, a bladder, and kalymma, a covering, from kalypto, to cover.] A genus of Brazilian trees consisting of one species, of the nat. order Lythracea. It yields the beautiful striped, rose-coloured wood called tulipwood by our carpenters, used for inlaying costly pieces of furniture.

Physolobium (fï-zō-lō'bi-um), n. [Gr.physa, a bladder, and lobos, a pod.] A genus of leguminous plants, natives of South-west Australia, having a trailing or twining habit, scarlet flowers, usually two or three only on one peduncle, and a rigid pod. Called also Bladder-pod.

Physomycetes (fi'zō-mi-sē”tēz), n. pl. [Gr. physa, a bladder, and mykės, mykētos, a mushroom.] A small section of Fungi, characterized by the total absence of a hymenium, and by the vesicular fruit inclosing an indefinite number or mass of sporidia. Called also Vesiculiferi.

Physophorida (fi-zō-for'i-dē), n. pl. [Gr. physa, a bladder, and phoreo, to carry.] That division of the oceanic Hydrozoa which comprises those Siphonophora in which the hydrosoma consists of several polypites united by a flexible, contractile, unbranched, or very slightly branched, cœnosarc, the proximal end of which is dilated into a contractile float or air-sac. Its most remarkable species is Physalia atlantica (the Portuguese man-of-war). See PHYSALIA. Physospermum (fi-zō-spèr'mum), n. [From Gr. physa, a bladder, and sperma, a seed; the teguments do not adhere to the seed in a young state.] A genus of plants, nat. order Umbelliferæ, containing two or three species natives of Europe and West Asia. They are erect herbs, with compound leaves, small white flowers, and bladdery fruit, whence the name. P. cornubiense (Cornish lovage) is a British plant, growing in bushy fields in Cornwall.

Physostigma (fi-zō-stig'ma), n. [Gr. physa, a bladder, and stigma, a spot, a mark.] A genus of leguminous plants, natives of Old Calabar, belonging to the sub-order Papilionacea, and tribe Phaseoleæ, or kidney-bean tribe. P. venenosum, a half-shrubby twining plant, yields the well-known Calabar bean or ordeal-nut. See CALABAR BEAN. Physostigmine (fi-zō-stigʻmin), n. An alkaloid constituting the active principle of the Calabar bean. It is highly poisonous, and when separated by the usual process presents the appearance of a brownish-yellow amorphous mass.

PHYTOLOGICAL

Physostomata, Physostomi (fi-zō-stom'ata, fi-zos'to-mi), n. pl. [Gr. physa, a bladder, and stoma, a mouth.] Müller's synonym for the malacopterous fishes with the ventral fins abdominal or wanting, and the swimbladder when present provided with a duct. Physył (fiz'i), n. A fusee. Locke. Phytelephas (fi-tel'e-fas), n. [From Gr. phyton, a plant, and elephas, ivory.] A genus of plants inhabiting tropical America, the type of the small nat. order Phytelephasieæ. P. macrocarpa (the ivory plant of South America) resembles the palms in its fronds, which equal those of the cocoa-nut in dimensions, and also in the remarkable structure and weight of its fruit. See IVORY-NUT. Phyteuma (fi-tü'ma), n. [Gr., a plant, also a particular kind of plant.] A genus of herbaceous plants, nat. order Campanulaceæ, abounding in a milky juice. They are perennials, with stalked tufted leaves and yellowish-white or blue flowers in dense spikes or heads. The two British species, P. orbiculare and spicatum, are known by the name of rampion. The roots and young shoots of the latter are an occasional article of food. Phytivoroust (fi-tiv'ō-rus), a. [Gr. phyton, a plant, and L. voro, to eat.] Feeding on plants or herbage; herbivorous; as, phytivorous animals.

Hairy animals with only two large foreteeth, are all phytivorous, and called the hare kind. Ray. Phyto-chemical (fi-to-kem'ik-al), a. Pertaining or relating to phyto-chemistry. Phyto-chemistry (fi-to-kem'ist-ri),n. Vegetable chemistry. Phytochimy (fi-tok'i-mi), n. Phyto-chemistry.

Phytocrene (fi'tō-krēn), n. [Gr. phyton, a plant, and krene, a well.] A genus of plants. See WATER-VINE.

Phytogenesis, Phytogeny (fi-tō-jen'e-sis. fi-toj'e-ni), n. The doctrine of the generation of plants.

Phytogeography (fi'to-je-og'ra-fi), n. [Gr. phyton, a plant, and E. geography.] The geography or geographical distribution of plants.

Phytoglyphic (fi-tō-glif'ik), a. Relating to phytoglyphy.

Phytoglyphy (fi-togʻli-fi), n. [Gr. phyton, a plant, and glyphō, to engrave.] The art of printing from nature, by taking impressions from plants on soft metal, from which copies can be taken. Called also Natureprinting.

Phytographical (fi-tō-graf'ik-al), a. Pertaining to the description of plants. Phytography (fi-tog'ra-fi), n. [Gr. phyton, a plant, and graphe, description.] A description of plants, or that branch of botany which concerns itself with the rules to be observed in describing and naming plants. Henslow.

Phytoid (fi'toid), a. [Gr. phyton, a plant, and eidos, likeness.] Plant-like; specifically, in zool. applied to animals or organs having a plant-like appearance. Phytolacca (fi-to-lak'ka), n. [From Gr. phyton, a plant, and lacca, a Latinized form of lac-in allusion to the crimson colour of the fruit.] A genus of tropical or subtropical herbaceous plants, type of the nat. order Phytolaccaceae, with erect or occasionally twining stems, a thickish turnip-shaped root, alternate undivided broad leaves, and leafless erect racemes of flowers, succeeded by deep purple fruit. P. decandra, a North American species, is a branching herbaceous plant which is naturalized in some parts of Europe and Asia. Its root acts as a powerful emetic and cathartic, but its use is attended with narcotic effects. Its berries are said to possess the same quality: they are employed as a remedy for chronic and syphilitic rheumatism, and for allaying syphiloid pains. The leaves are extremely acrid, but the young shoots, which lose this quality by boiling in water, are eaten in the United States as asparagus. It is known as pokeweed and pigeon-berry. Phytolite (fi'to-lit), n. [Gr. phyton, a plant, and lithos, a stone.] An old name for a fossil plant.

Phytolithologist (fi'to-li-thol"o-jist),n. One who is skilled in or who writes upon fossil plants.

Phytolithology (fi'to-li-thol"o-ji), n. [Gr. phyton, a plant, lithos, a stone, and logos, discourse. That part of science which treats of fossil plants. Phytological (fi-to-loj'ik-al), a. [See PHYTOLOGY.] Relating to phytology or to plants; botanical.

PHYTOLOGIST

Phytologist (fi-tol'o-jist), n. [See PHYTOLOGY.] One versed in plants or skilled in phytology; a botanist. Evelyn. Phytology (fi-tol'o-ji), n. [Gr. phyton, a plant, and logos, discourse.] The science of plants, a name sometimes used as equivalent to botany.

Phyton (fi'ton), n. [Gr., a plant.] In bot. a rudimentary or embryo plant; a simple individual plant as represented by a leaf, the tree being regarded as a compound made up of many phytons.

Phytonomy (fi-ton'o-mi), n. [Gr. phyton, a plant, and nomos, a law.] The science of the origin and growth of plants. Phytopathologist (fi'to-pa-thol"o-jist), n. One skilled in phytopathology or diseases of plants.

Phytopathology (fi'tō-pa-thol′′o-ji), n. [Gr. phyton, a plant, pathos, disease, and logos, treatise.] Scientific knowledge relating to the diseases of plants; an account of the diseases to which plants are liable. Phytophagous (fi-tof'a-gus), a. [Gr. phyton, a plant, and phagō, to eat.] Eating or subsisting on plants.

Phytosaurus (fi-tô-sa'rus), n. a plant, and sauros, a lizard.] leosaurus.

Phytotomist (fi-tot'o-mist), n.

[Gr. phyton,

Same as Hy

One versed

in phytotomy or vegetable anatomy. Phytotomy (fi-tot'o-mi), n. [Gr. phyton, a plant, and tome, a cutting, from temno, to cut.] Vegetable anatomy.

Phytozoa (fi-tō-zō'a), n. pl. [Gr. phyton, a plant, and zoon, an animal.] 1. A name synonymous with Zoophytes, and sometimes like it loosely applied to many plant-like animals, such as sponges, corals, sea-anemones, sea-mats, &o.-2. A term sometimes given to certain marine animalcules living in the tissues of plants.

Phytozoaria (fi'tō-zō-ā”ri-a), n. [Gr. phyton, a plant, and zoon, an animal.] A term sometimes applied to those minute aquatic animals more commonly termed Infusoria and Microzoa.

Phytozoon (fi-tō-zō'on), n. [See PHYTOZOA.] One of the phytozoa; a zoophyte. Piaba (pi-aba), n. A small fresh-water fish of Brazil, about the size of the minnow, much esteemed for food.

Piaçaba (pi-as'a-bä), n. [Pg.] Same as Pi

assava.

Piacle + (pi'a-kl), n. [L. piaculum. See PIACULAR.] A sin or crime.

then did.

But may I without piacie forget, in the very last scene of one of his latest actions amongst us, what he Bp. King. Piacular (pi-ak'ü-lèr), a. [L. piacularis, from piaculum, a sin-offering or expiation, a sin or crime, from pio, to expiate, from pius, pious.] 1. Expiatory; having power to atone.-2. Requiring expiation; criminal; atrociously bad. "To cleanse his little Warwickshire fold from its piacular pollutions.' De Quincey. [Rare.]

Placularity (pi-ak'ü-lar'i-ti), n. The state or quality of being piacular; criminality; badness. De Quincey.

Piaculous + (pi-ak'ū-lus), a. Same as Piacular. Sir T. Browne.

Pia Mater (pï'a mā’tér), n. [L., lit. pious mother.] In anat. a vascular membrane, investing the whole surface of the brain, dipping into its convolutions, and forming a fold in its interior called velum interpositum. Pianett (pi'a-net), n. [L. picus, a woodpecker, pica, a magpie.] 1. A bird, the lesser woodpecker.-2. The magpie.

Planette (pi-a-net'), n. [Fr. dim. of piano.] Same as Pianino.

Pianino (pi-ä-në'no), n. [It. dim. of piano.] A small pianoforte.

Pianissimo (pi-ä-nis'i-mō). [It. superl. of piano, soft. See PIANOFORTE.] In music, very soft; a direction to execute a passage in the softest manner. Usually abbreviated pp or ppp.

Pianist (pi-an'ist), n. A performer on the pianoforte.

Piano (pi-ä'nō), a. [It., soft, smooth. See PIANOFORTE.] In music, soft; a direction to a performer to execute a passage softly or with diminished volume of tone. Usually abbreviated p.

Piano (pi-an'o), n. A pianoforte.

Pianoforte (pi-an'ō-for-tā), n. [It. piano (L. planus), soft, lit. plane, smooth, and forte (L. fortis), strong.] A musical metalstringed instrument of the keyed species. The name was given to it to distinguish it from its immediate predecessors, the harpsichord and the spinet, in which no force of

437

touch could lessen or strengthen the intensity of the sound produced, from the quills always striking the strings with nearly a like force; whereas in the pianoforte gradations of tone can be produced, the strings being put in vibration by means of small hammers connected by levers with the key or finger board, which hammers quit the strings directly they are struck, a damper falling down on the string the moment the finger is lifted from the key. Formerly the strings were all of thin wire; now the bass strings are thick and covered with a thin coil of copper wire; and the thickness, length, and tension of the strings all diminish from the lower to the upper notes. The grand pianoforte, which is somewhat triangular in shape, and has the wires running horizontally and parallel to the keys, has three strings to each of the upper and middle notes, generally two to the lower notes, and one to the lowest octave. In the square piano the strings are still placed in a horizontal position, but obliquely to the keys; while in the upright piano the strings run vertically from top to bottom of the instrument. From its great strength of tone the grand piano is the instrument best adapted for the concert room; the square is rapidly disappearing from the drawing-rooms of this country, its place being now taken by the upright. The invention of the pianoforte is now usually ascribed to Bartolomeo Cristofali of Padua, and dates from about 1714, though claims have been made in favour of Schröter, a German organist, and Marius, a French harpsichord maker. The compass of the instrument, originally from four to five octaves, has now been extended to seven or even more.

Pianograph (pi-an'ō-graf), n. A form of music recorder. See MUSIC-RECORDER. Piarist (pi'ar-ist), n. [L. pius, pious.] One of a religious order who, in addition to the three usual monastic vows, took also a fourth, namely, to devote themselves to the gratuitous instruction of youth. The order was instituted at Rome by Joseph Casalanza in the beginning of the seventeenth century. Like the Jesuits, the Piarists are a secular order subject to rules. They soon spread through several Catholic countries, particularly the Austrian dominions. Many gymnasia and schools in Hungary and Poland are still under their direction, and in Bohemia, Silesia, and Austria they have some respectable colleges.

Plassava (pi-as'a-vä), n. [Pg. piaçaba.] The name under which a fibrous produce of the palm-tree Attalea funifera is imported

Piassava Palm (Attalea funifera).

I, Base of leaf-stalks enlarged. 2, Coquilla-nut.

from Brazil into this country. The fibres are derived from the dilated base of the leaf-stalks, and are extensively employed in the manufacture of brooms and brushes for street-sweeping. The fruit of this tree, which belongs to the cocoa-nut group, is imported under the name of coquilla-nuts. Piaster, Piastre (pi-as'ter), n. [Fr. piastre, It. and Sp. piastra, a thin plate of metal, a dollar, from L.L. plastra, L. emplastrum, Gr. emplastron, a plaster, from emplassō, to plaster up or over.] A denomination of money of various values. The old Italian piastre was equivalent to about 38. 7d. ster

PICCADIL

ling; the Spanish piastre was worth about 48.; while the Turkish piastre means a coin of scarcelyth the value of the foregoing, namely, the equivalent of a little over 2d. sterling. One hundred piastres of Turkey are worth, on an average of the exchanges, about 188. sterling.

Piationt (pi-a'shon), n. [L. piatio, the act of making expiation.] The act of making atonement; expiation.

Piazza (pi-azʼza), n. [It. piazza, open place, square,market-place. See PLACE.] A square open space surrounded by buildings or colonnades. The term is frequently, but improperly, used to signify an arcaded or colonnaded walk.

We walk by the obelisk, and meditate in piazzas, that they that meet us may talk of us. Fer. Taylor.

Pib-corn (pib'korn), n. [W., lit. pipe-horn.] Among the Welsh, a wind-instrument or Pibroch (pe'broch), n. [Gael. piobaireachd, pipe with a horn at each end. pipe-music, from piobair, a piper, piob, a pipe, bagpipe.] A wild irregular species of music peculiar to the Highlands of Scotland. It is performed on a bagpipe, and adapted to excite or assuage passion, and particularly to rouse a martial spirit among troops going to battle. The pibroch produces by imitative sounds the different phases of a battle -the march, the conflict, the flight, the pursuit, and the lament for the fallen. Byron and others have erroneously applied this term to the bagpipe itself.

Pic (pik), n. A Turkish cloth measure, varying from 18 to 28 inches.

Pica (pi'ka), n. [L. pica, a pie, a magpie. The second meaning arises from the omnivorous habits of the magpie.] 1. A genus of birds of the family Corvida (crow family), including the common magpie (P. caudata). The species of this genus differ from the true crows in being of a smaller size and brighter colours, but chiefly in their long and graduated tail. See MAGPIE.-2. In med. a vitiated appetite which makes the patient crave what is unfit for food, as chalk, ashes, coal, &c.-Pica marina, an old name for the oyster-catcher or sea-pie. Pica (pi'ka), n. [L. pix, picis, pitch.] 1. A large printing type of two different sizes, small pica and large pica: probably named from litera picata (pitch-black letter), a great black letter at the beginning of some new order in the liturgy.-2. Eccles. formerly an ordinary, a table or directory for devotional services.-3. An alphabetical catalogue of names and things in rolls and records. Picador (pik-a-dor'), n. [Sp., from pica, a pike or lance.] In bull-fighting, one of the horsemen armed with a lance who commence the combat in the arena by maddening the bull by pricking with their weapons, but without the intention of disabling him. Picamar (pik'a-mär), n. [L. pix, picis, pitch, and amarus, bitter.] The bitter principle

of tar.

Picaninny (pik’a-nin-i), n. Same as Pickaninny.

Picard (pik'ärd), n. Eccles. one of a sect of Vaudois who in the fifteenth century attempted to renew the practices of the Adamites, going stark naked and believing in the community of women: so called from Picard, a native of Flanders, the reviver of the heresy.

Picaresque (pik-a-resk), a. [Fr. See PICAROON.] Pertaining to or dealing with rogues or picaroons: applied to literary productions that deal with the fortunes of rogues or adventurers such as Gil Blas. Picaroon (pik-a-rön'), n. [Sp. picaron, aug. of picaro, a rogue.] 1. A rogue or cheat; one that lives by his wits; an adventurer.2. A plunderer; especially, a plunderer of wrecks; a pirate; a corsair.

In all wars, Corsica and Majorca have been nests of picaroons. Sir W. Temple. Some frigates should be always in the Downs to chase picaroons from infesting the coast.

Ld. Clarendon.

Picayune (pik-a-yun'), n. [Said to be of Carib origin.] 1. The name for the Spanish half-real in Florida, Louisiana, &c. It is equal to th of a dollar.-2. In New York, a colloquial or familiar term for a sixpence. There's a picayune for you to buy candy with Dodo. Mrs. Beecher Stowe. Piccadil, Piccadilly (pik'a-dil, pik-a-dil'li), n. [O.Fr. picadille, piccadille, probably from the root of pike, peak.] A high collar or a kind of ruff anciently worn, the precise character of which is somewhat uncertain, though it is supposed to be shown in the

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various vegetables, with pungent spices. Piccolo (pik'kō-lõ), n. [It. piccolo, small. ] 1. A small flute, the tones of which range an octave higher than those of the ordinary orchestral flute. Called also an Octave Flute. 2. An organ stop of 2 feet length; the pipes are of wood and have a brilliant piercing tone. 3. A small upright piano, standing about 34 feet high.

Pice (pis), n. sing. and pl. Small East Indian coin, value about d. each.

Piceous (pi'shus), a. [L. piceus, from pix, picis, pitch.] Of or belonging to pitch; black as pitch.

Pichurim-bean (pich'u-rim-bēn), n. Same as Pitchurim-bean.

Picidæ (pi'si-dē), n. pl. [From L. picus, a woodpecker, one of the genera.] The woodpeckers and wry-necks, a family of scansorial or climbing birds, characterized by their long, straight, angular beak, the end of which is compressed into a wedge adapted to perforate the bark of trees. The tailfeathers terminate in points, and are unusually hard and stiff, assisting the birds to keep steady when searching for insects. They feed chiefly upon insects, and the tongue is extensible, barbed at the point, and covered with a viscid secretion, which enables them to catch their prey by suddenly darting it out.

Pick (pik), v.t. [From A. Sax. pycan, to pick, to pull, pic, a sharp point; probably in part also from Fr. piquer, to pierce, from pic, something sharp. Pike, peak, peck, and beak are closely allied forms, being all from the Celtic; W. pig, a point, a pike; Gael. pioc, piocaid, a pick, a pickaxe; same root also in spike.] 1. To strike at with anything pointed; to act upon with any pointed instrument; to peck at, as a bird with its bill; to pierce.

Pick an apple with a pin full of holes, not deep, and smear it with spirits, to see if the virtual heat of the strong waters will not mature it. Bacon.

2. To clean by removing by the teeth, fingers, claws, or a small instrument, something that adheres; to remove objectionable matter from; as, to pick a bone; to pick the teeth. 'Pick his teeth and sing.' Shak.3. To separate from other things; to select from a number or quantity; to choose; as, to pick the best men from a company. man picked out of ten thousand.' Shak. Deep through the miry lane she picked her way. Gay.

'One

4. To pluck; to gather, as fruit or things growing; as, to pick strawberries. May pick a thousand sallads.' Shak.-5. To gather up here and there; to collect; to get hold or possession of; to acquire: often with up; as, to pick up information. Pick up some pretty estate.' Shak.-6. To snatch thiev ishly; to steal the contents of; as, to pick a pocket.

Pistol, did you pick Master Slender's purse? Shak. -To pick in, in painting, to correct any unevenness in a picture by using a small pencil. To pick off, (a) to separate by the fingers or a small instrument; to separate by a sharp sudden movement; as, to pick off a leaf. (b) To aim at and kill or wound; as, the riflemen were picking off the enemy. -To pick out, (a) to draw from an interior by anything pointed; as, to pick out one's eyes. Prov. xxx. 17. (b) To select from a number or quantity; as, I could pick him out from among a hundred. (c) To mark out or variegate, as a dark back-ground, with figures or lines of a bright colour. 'Dark houses, with window- panes of stone, or picked out of a lighter red.' Thackeray. To pick up, (a) to take up with the fingers, or otherwise to snatch; as, the early bird 'picks up the worm. "The acorns he picked

438

up under an oak in the wood.' Locke. (b) To obtain by repeated effort; as, to pick up a livelihood. (c) To take particular things here and there; as, to pick up acquaintances by the way.-To pick a bone with one, to scold or quarrel with him.-To pick a hole in one's coat, to find fault with one.- To pick a lock, to open it with some instrument other than the key. Shakspere has also, to pick a bolt.

Were beauty under twenty locks kept fast,
Yet love breaks through and picks them all at last.
Shak.

-To pick oakum, to make oakum by un-
twisting old ropes.- To pick a quarrel, to
quarrel intentionally with a person. -To
pick a thank, to pick thanks, to perform
some servile or mean act for the purpose
of gaining favour. By slavish fawning or by
Wither.
picking thanks.'

Pick (pik), v. i. 1. To eat slowly or by morsels; to nibble.

Why stand'st thou picking! Is thy palate sore, That beet and radishes will make thee roar? Dryden.

2. To do anything nicely or by attending to small things.-3. To steal; to pilfer. Pick (pik), n. [Fr. pic, a pickaxe, a pointed instrument. See the verb. ] 1. A heavy sharp-pointed iron tool, with a wooden handle, used for penetrating and loosening hard earth, stones, &c., in the operations of mining, digging, excavating, ditching, &c. 2. Among masons, a sharp hammer used in dressing stones.-3. A tooth-pick. He eats with picks.' Beau. & Fl. [Nares and others suggest that forks are meant here.] 4. A pike or spike; the sharp point fixed in the centre of a buckler.

Take down my buckler,

And sweep the cobwebs off, and grind the pick on't. Beau. & Fl. 5. In painting, that which is picked in, either by a point or by a pointed pencil.-6. Choice; right of selection.

France and Russia have the pick of our stables. Lord Lytton.

7. In printing, foul matter which collects on printing types from the rollers, bad ink, or from the paper impressed; also, little drops of metal on stereo plates. Pick (pik), n. [Scotch.]

Pitch (the tarry substance).

Pick (pik), v.t. A form of Pitch, to throw. As high as I could pick my lance.' Shak. Pickaback (pik'a-bak), a. [From the older form pickpack, pickapack, which is a reduplication of pack.] On the back or shoulders like a pack. [Colloq.]

Pickaninny (pik'a-nin-i), n. [Sp. pequeno niño, little infant. ] A negro or mulatto infant. [Southern United States.] Pickapack (pik'a-pak), adv. In manner of a pack. [Colloq.]

In a hurry she whips up her darling under her arms, and carries the other a pickapack upon her shoulders. Sir R. L'Estrange. Pickaxe (pik'aks), n. [Apparently from pick and axe, but the term is really a corruption of the old pikois, O. Fr. picquois, a pickaxe.] A pick with a sharp point at one end and a broad blade at the other; also, simply a pick, which seems to have been the original meaning of the word. The pointed end is used for loosening hard earth and the other for cutting roots of trees.

Shak.

I'll hide my master from the flies, as deep As these poor pickaxes can dig. Pickback (pik'bak), adv. Pickaback; on the back. Butler.

Picked, Piked (pikt, pikt), a. 1. Pointed; sharp.

Let the stake be made picked at the top. Mortimer. 2. Smart; spruce.

He is too picked, too spruce, too affected, too odd, as it were; too peregrinate, as I may call it. Shak. Pickedness (pik'ed-nes), n. 1. State of being pointed at the end.-2. †Foppery; spruceness. Too much pickedness is not manly. B. Jonson. Pickeert (pik-er), v. t. [Fr. picorer, to maraud, originally to steal cattle, from L. pecus, pecoris, cattle.] 1. To pillage; to pirate.-2. To skirmish, as soldiers in advance of an army or in pillaging parties.

So within shot she doth pickeer,

Now galls the flank, and now the rear. Lovelace. Pickeerert (pik-ēr'ėr), n. One who pickeers; a pillager; a pirate.

Picker (pik'er), n. 1. One who picks, culls, collects, or gathers; as, a rag-picker; a hoppicker.-2. In printing, one who dresses or trims stereotype plates.-3. The name applied to tools or apparatus of many various shapes used in different manufacturing processes, &c.; as, (a) in cotton manufacture, a

PICKLE

machine for opening the tussocks of balecotton, reducing it to a more fleecy condition and separating it from dirt and refuse. (b) In ordnance, a priming wire for cleaning the vent. (c) In the manege, an instrument for dislodging a stone from the crease between the frog and the sole of a horse's foot, or between the heel of the shoe and the frog. (d) In founding, a light steel rod with a very sharp point, used for picking out small light patterns from the sand. (e) In weaving, the upper or striking portion of a picker-staff which comes against the end of a shuttle and impels it through the shed of the warp. (ƒ) A machine for picking fibrous materials to pieces; as, a wool-picker. -4. One who steals. These pickers and stealers.' Shak. Picker-bend (pik'er-bend), n. A piece of buffalo hide, lined, but not otherwise dressed, used by power-loom weavers, attached to the shuttle.

Pickerel (pik'er-el), n. [From pike.] A small pike, a fish of the genus Esox: applied to several species of fresh-water fishes belonging to the pike family.

Pickerel-weed (pik'èr-el-wēd), n. An American plant of the genus Pontederia, nat. order Pontederaceæ.

Pickeridge (pik'ėr-ij), n. A tumour on the back of cattle; wornil.

Pickeroont (pik-er-on), n. Same as Picaroon. Picker-staff (pik'èr-staf), n. In weaving, the bar which oscillates on an axis at its lower end and by a sudden jerk imparts motion to the shuttle.

Pickery† (pik'èr-i), n. The stealing of trifles. Both theft and pickerie were quite suolinshed. Picket, Piquet (pik'et), n. [Fr. piquet, a dim. of pique, a pike. See PICK.] 1. A stake sharpened or pointed, used in fortification and encampments, to mark the bounds and angles. 2. A narrow board pointed, used in making fences; a pale.-3. Milit. (a) a guard posted in front of an army to give notice of the approach of the enemy, called an outlying picket. (b) A detachment of troops in a camp kept fully equipped and ready for immediate service in case of an alarm or the approach of an enemy, called an inlying picket. (c) A small detachment of men sent out from a camp or garrison to bring in such of the soldiers as have exceeded their leave.-4. A body of men belonging to a trade's union sent to watch and annoy the men working in a shop not belonging to the union.-5. Ă game at cards. See PIQUET.-6. A punishment which consists in making the offender stand with one foot on a pointed stake. Picket (pik'et), v. t. 1. To fortify with pickets or pointed stakes.-2. To inclose or fence with narrow pointed boards or pales.-3. To fasten to a picket or stake.-4. To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.-5. To place or post as a guard of observation. See PICKET, n. 4.

Picketee (pik-e-te'), n. Same as Picotee. Picket-fence (pik'et-fens), n. A fence made of pickets or pales.

Picket-guard (pik'et-gärd), n. Milit. aguard of horse and foot always in readiness in case of alarm.

Picking (pik'ing), n. 1. The act expressed by the verb to pick.-2. Perquisites not over honestly obtained, in the way of picking and stealing.

Heir or no heir, Lawyer Jermyn had his picking
George Eliot.

out of the estate.

3. That which is left to be picked or gleaned. 4. pl. The pulverized shells of oysters used in making walks.-5. A hard-burned brick. Pickle (pikl), n. [D. and L. G. pekel, G. pökel, bökel, brine.] 1. A solution of salt and water in which flesh, fish, or other substance is preserved; brine; as, pickle for beef; pickle for herring.

Thou shalt be whipt with wire, and stew'd in brine, Smarting in lingering pickle.

Shak

2. Vinegar, sometimes impregnated with spices, in which vegetables, fish, oysters, &c., are preserved.-3. A thing preserved in pickle.

A third sort of antiscorbuticks are called astringent, as capers, and most of the common pickles prepared with vinegar. Arbuthnot.

4. In founding, a bath of dilute sulphuric acid, or, for brass, of dilute nitric acid, to remove the sand and impurities from the surface. E. H. Knight.-5. A state or condition of difficulty or disorder; a disagreeable position; a plight. [Colloq.]

Shak

How cam'st thou in this pickle! 6. A troublesome child. [Colloq.-To have a rod in pickle for any one, is to have a

PICKLE

beating, flogging, or scolding in reserve for him. [Colloq.]

Pickle (pik'l), v. t. pret. & pp. pickled; ppr. pickling. 1. To preserve in brine or pickle; to treat with pickle; as, to pickle herring.2. To imbue highly with anything bad; as, a pickled rogue. Johnson.-3. To prepare as an imitation and sell as genuine; to give an antique appearance to: said of copies or imitations of paintings by the old masters. Art Journal.-4. To subject, as various hardware articles, to the action of certain chemical agents in the process of manufacture. See the noun.

Picklet (pik'l), v.t. To pick.

The wren..

Sodainly coms, and hopping him before,
Into his mouth he skips, his teeth he pickles,
Clenseth his palate, and his throat so tickles.
Sylvester.

Pickle (pik'l), n. [Dim. of pick, lit. as much as a bird might pick at a time.] A grain of corn; any minute particle; a small quanthing; a few. [Scotch.]

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There is a set of merry drolls, whom the common people of all countries admire, those circumforaneous wits whom every nation calls by the name of that dish of meat which it loves best. In Holland they are termed pickled-herrings; in France Jean Potages; in Italy macaronies; and in Great Britain jack-puddings. Addison. Picklock (piklok), n. 1. An instrument for picking or opening locks without the key.

Confession is made a minister of state, a picklock of secrets, a spy upon families. Fer. Taylor.

2. A person who picks locks.-3. A superior description of selected wool.

Pick-maw (pik'ma), n. The black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus). [Scotch.] Pick-mirk (pik'měrk), a. [Pick, a form of pitch, and mirk murky.] Dark as pitch. [Scotch.]

Picknick (pik'nik), n. See PICNIC. Pick-penny (pik’pen-ni), n. A miser; a skinflint; a sharper. Dr. H. More. Pickpocket (pik'pok-et), n. One who steals, or makes a practice of stealing, from the pocket of another. 'Pickpockets, each hand Iusting for all that is not its own.' Tennyson. Pickpurse (pik'pėrs), n. One that steals the purse or from the purse of another. 'I think he is not a pickpurse nor a horsestealer.' Shak.

Picksy (pik'si), n. A fairy; a pixy.

Pickthank (pik'thangk), n. An officious fellow who does what he is not asked to do for the sake of gaining favour; a parasite; a flatterer; a toady. Also used adjectively. Which of the ear of greatness needs must bear, By smiling pickthanks and base newsmongers. Shak. Picktooth (pik'töth), n. An instrument for picking or cleaning the teeth; a toothpick. A neat case of picktooths.' B. Jonson. Pick-wick (pik'wik), n. A pointed instrument for picking up the wick of a lamp. Pickwickian (pik-wik'i-an), a. Relating to or resembling Mr. Pickwick, the hero of Dickens's Pickwick Papers. - Pickwickian sense, a merely technical, parliamentary, or constructive sense, a phrase derived from a well-known scene in Dickens's novel. Piclet (pik'l), n. [Perhaps a form of pingle.] A small piece of land inclosed with a hedge; an inclosure; a close. Written also Pickle, Pightel, and Pingle.

Picnic (pik'nik), n. [Origin unknown. ] Formerly, an entertainment, in which each person contributed his share to the general table; now, an entertainment or pleasure-party the members of which carry provisions along with them on an excursion to some place in the country. Used also adjectively; as, a picnic party; picnic biscuits, a kind of small sweet biscuits. Picnic (pik'nik), v.i. To attend a picnic party; to eat a picnic; as, we picnicked in the woods.

Pico (pē kō), n. [Sp. See PEAK.] A peak; the pointed top of a mountain. Picotee (pik-o-te'), n. [Fr. picotie, from Picot de la Pérouse, a French botanist.] A variety of carnation or clove-pink (Dianthus Caryophyllus), characterized by having the dark colour only on the edge of the petals, broad or narrow, as the case may be, but ramifying towards the centre. The ground colour

439

is white or yellow, the colour on the margin some shade of red or purple. The petals are slightly serrated or fringed at the edge.

Picotees (three varieties).

Picquet (pik'et), n. See PIQUET. Picra (pi'kra), n. [L., from Gr. pikros, sharp, bitter.] The popular name of the powder of aloes with canella, which is composed of four parts of aloes to one part of canella. It is employed as a cathartic. Picræna (pi-krē’na), n. A genus of Simarubaceæ. See QUASSIA.

Picric (pik'rik), a. Same as Carbazotic. Picrin, Picrine (pik'rin), n. [Gr. pikros, bitter.] A bitter substance obtained from Digitalis purpurea, and said to be identical with digitalin. Its constitution is doubtful.

Picris (pik'ris), n. [Gr. pikris, a bitter herb, succory, from Gr. pikros, bitter.] A genus of plants. See OXTONGUE. Picromel (pik'rō-mel), n. [Gr. pikros, bitter, and meli, honey.] A peculiar substance, of a greenish-yellow colour and of a sweetish bitter taste, which exists in bile. Picrophyll, Picrophyllite (pik'rō-fil, pikro-fillit), n. [Gr. pikros, bitter, and phyllon, a leaf.] A massive, foliated, fibrous, greenish-gray mineral from Sala in Sweden. It is an altered augite, consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of magnesia and iron, and resembles serpentine. Picrosmine (pik'roz-min), n. [Gr. pikros, bitter, and osmē, smell.] A mineral which occurs crystallized, and also massive, having a bitter, argillaceous odour when moistened. It is found in the iron mine of Englesburg near Presnitz in Bohemia, and consists principally of silica and magnesia. Picrotoxin, Picrotoxine (pik-ro-toks'in), n. [Gr. pikros, bitter, and L. toxicum, poison.] (CH1405.) The bitter poisonous principle which exists in the seeds of Cocculus indicus, from which it is extracted by the action of water and alcohol. It crystallizes in small white needles or columns, and dissolves in water and alcohol. It acts as an intoxicating poison.

Pict (pikt), n. [From Picti, the name given them by Latin writers, but whether this was a latinized form of the native name or simply means 'painted people' is uncertain.] One of a race of people of disputed origin, who anciently inhabited the north-east of Scotland some authorities maintaining them to have been a Teutonic race, others a branch of the Cwmric Celts. Pictt (pikt), n. One who paints his body or part of it. Steele.

Pictarnie (pik-tar'ni), n. The great tern or sea-swallow (Sterna hirundo). [Scotch.] Pictish (pikt'ish), a. Pertaining to or resembling the Picts.

Pictor (pik'tor), n. [L., a painter.] In astron. a southern constellation. Pictorial (pik-to'ri-al), a. [L. pictor, a painter.] Of or pertaining to pictures; forming pictures; illustrated by pictures; of the nature of a picture, or having qualities suitable for being depicted; as, a pictorial representation; a pictorial history.

Titian's larger sacred subjects are merely themes Ruskin. for the exhibition of pictorial rhetoric. Pictorially (pik-tō'ri-al-li), adv. In a pictorial manner; with pictures or engravings. Pictoric, Pictorical (pik-tor'ik, pik-tor'ikal), a. Same as Pictorial. [Rare.] Picturable (pik'tür-a-bl), a. Capable of being pictured or painted. Coleridge. Pictural (pik'tür-al), a. Relating to or represented by pictures. For. Quart. Rev. Picturalt (pik'tür-al), n. A representation; a picture. Spenser.

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3. Any resemblance or representation, either to the eye or to the mind; a likeness; an image. My eyes make pictures when they are shut.' Coleridge.

But still she heard him, still his picture form'd And grew between her and the pictured wall. Tennyson. 4. A representation or description in words; as, the poet has drawn an exquisite picture of grief.-5. The art of drawing or painting. Picture is the invention of heaven, the most ancient, and most akin to nature. B. Jonson Picture (pik'tür), v.t. pret. & pp. pictured; ppr. picturing. 1. To draw or paint a resemblance of; to draw a likeness or representation of; to represent pictorially. I have not seen him so pictured.' Shak.

Love is like a painter who, in drawing the picture of a friend having a blemish in one eye, would pic ture only the other side of the face. South.

2. To bring before the mind's eye; to form or present an ideal likeness of; as, picture to yourself the scene. 'Do picture it in

my mind.' Spenser. - 3. To describe in a vivid or florid manner.

Picture-book (pik'tür-buk), n. A book for children, illustrated with pictures. Picture-cleaner (pik'tür-klen-ér), n. One who restores the brightness of colour in old paintings; a picture-restorer.

Picture-frame (pik'tür-frām), n. A case or border, more or less ornamented, which surrounds a picture and sets it off to advantage. A Picture-gallery (pik'tür-gal-lė-ri), n. gallery or large apartment in which pictures are hung up or exhibited. Picturelike (pik'tür-lik), a. After the manner of a picture; like a picture.

It was no better than picturelike to hang by the wall, if renown made it not stir. Shak.

Picturert (pik'tür-ér), n. A painter. 'Zeuxis, the curious picturer." Fuller. Picture-restorer (pik'tür-re-stōr-ér), n. Same as Picture-cleaner. Picture-rod (pik'tür-rod), n. A kind of brass tubing for affixing to the tops of walls in a room to suspend pictures from. Picturesque (pik-tür-esk'), a. [Fr. pittor esque, It. pittoresco, from pittura, a picture. See PICTURE.] 1. Forming or fitted to form a pleasing picture; expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable in a picture, natural or artificial.

You cannot pass along a street but you have views of some palace, or church, or square, or fountain the most picturesque and noble one can imagine. Gray.

Picturesque is a word applied to every object, and every kind of scenery, which has been or might be represented with good effect in painting-just as the word beautiful, when we speak of visible nature, is applied to every object and every kind of scenery that in any way give pleasure to the eye. Sir Uvedale Price. 2. Abounding with vivid and striking imagery; graphic; as, picturesque language. Dr. Blair.-The picturesque, what is picturesque; the aggregate of features or qualities that render a scene suitable for making into a good picture; as, to be fond of the picturesque.

Picturesquely (pik-tür-esk'li), adv. In a picturesque manner.

Picturesqueness (pik-tür-esk'nes), n. The state of being picturesque; that quality in objects which fits them for making a good Picturize (pik'tür-iz), v.t. picture.

To adorn or represent by pictures; to form into a picture. Eclec. Rev. [Rare.]

Picul (pi-kul), n. In China, a weight of 1331 lbs. It is divided into 100 catties or 1600 taels. The Chinese call it also tan. Picus (pi'kus), n. [L., a woodpecker.] The woodpecker, an extensive and well-defined genus of birds, distributed over most parts of the globe, belonging to the family Picidæ and the order Scansores or Climbers. They are characterized by their long, straight, angular beak, the end of which is compressed into a wedge, and fitted for

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