PLOUGH-HEAD Plough-head (plou'hed), n. The draughtiron at the end of a plough-beam. Plough-iron (plou'i-èrn), n. The coulter of a plough. Shak. Plough-land (plou'land), n. 1. Land that is ploughed or suitable for tillage; tillage ground.-2. As much land as a team of horses can plough in a year; a hide of land; a carucate. Bailey. Ploughman (plou'man),n. One that ploughs or holds a plough; a farm labourer who is or may be engaged in ploughing. The merchant gains by peace, and the soldiers by war, the shepherd by wet seasons, and the ploughmen by dry. Sir W. Temple. -Ploughman's spikenard, a British plant of the genus Conyza, the C. squarrosa. It is a soft and downy plant, with dull yellow flowers, and grows in mountains, meadows, and pastures. See CONYZA. The Plough-Monday (plou-mun'dā), n. Monday after Twelfth-day, or the termination of the Christmas holidays, when the labours of the plough usually began in former times. On this Monday ploughmen were wont to draw a plough from door to door, and beg money to drink. Plough-Monday next, after the twelfth tide is past, Bids out with the plough, the worst husband is last. Tusser. Ploughshare (plou'shar), n. The share or part of a plough which cuts the ground at the bottom of the furrow, and raises the slice to the mould-board, which turns it over. Plough-shoe (plou'shö), n. A block of wood fitted under a ploughshare to prevent it penetrating the soil. Plough-silver (plou'sil-věr), n. Money formerly paid by some tenants in lieu of service to plough the lord's lands. Plough-sock (plou'sok), n. Same as Ploughshare. Sir W. Scott. [Scotch.] Plough-staff (plou'staf), n. A kind of paddle to clear the coulter and share of a plough when choked up with earth or weeds: called in Scotland a pettle. Plough-tail (plou'tal), n. That part of a plough which the ploughman holds. Plough-wright (plou'rīt), n. A tradesman who makes and repairs ploughs. Plout-net, Pout-net (plout'net, pout'net), n. A small stocking-shaped river net attached to two poles. Plover (pluv'er), n. [O.Fr. plovier, Fr. pluvier, lit. the rain bird, from L. pluvia, rain; pluo, to rain.] 1. The common name of several species of grallatorial birds belonging to the genus Charadrius, family Charadriada, section Pressirostres. They inhabit all parts of the world, traversing temperate climates in the spring and autumn. They are gregarious, Golden Plover (Charadrius pluvialis). and are generally seen in meadows, on the banks of rivers, or on the sea-shore. The golden plover (Charadrius pluvialis) is abundant in the Highlands and Western Isles of Scotland; the dotterel plover (C. morinellus) is common in various parts of Great Britain; the ring-plover (C. or Aegialites hiaticula) is very abundant on the sea-coasts of Great Britain; the Kentish plover (C. cantianus) is a frequenter of shingle beaches.-2.† A loose woman: otherwise called a Quail. Here will be Zekiel Edgworth, and three or four other gallants at night, and I ha' neither plover nor quail for them: persuade this... to be a bird o' the game. Ben Jonson. Plow (plou), n. A plough (which see). Ploy (ploi), n. [Abbrev. of employ.] Employment; a harmless frolic; a merry-meeting. [Scotch.] Ployé (plwä-ya), a. [O. Fr. ployer, to bend. See PLY.] In her. bowed and bent. Pluck (pluk), v.t. [A. Sax. pluccian, D. and L.G. plukken, Dan. plukke, Icel. plokka, plukka, G. pflücken; perhaps borrowed by the Teutonic tongues from the Low Latin or 470 Romance; comp. It. piluccare, to pick grapes; Pr. pelucar, to pick out; Fr. dial. pluquer, to gather.] 1. To gather; to pick; to cull, as berries or flowers. I'll pluck thee berries.' Shak. 'Pluck a white rose.' Shak. 'To pluck the flower in season.' Tennyson. And plucked the ripened ears.' Tennyson. 2. To pull with sudden force or effort; to tug; to twitch; to tear. Plucks dead lions by the beard.' Shak. 'To pluck him headlong from the throne.' Shak 'Devils pluck'd my sleeve.' Tennyson. They pluck the fatherless from the breast. Job xxiv. 9. 3. To pull or draw, literally or figuratively. To pluck his indignation on thy head.' Shak. Plucks comfort from his looks.' Shak.-4. To strip by plucking, especially to strip feathers from; as, to pluck a fowl. 'Since I plucked geese.' Shak. Why hast thou then broken down her hedges, so that all they which pass by the way do pluck her? Ps. lxxx. 12. 5. To reject, after a university or other examination, from not coming up to the required standard. James... acquired the inestimable polish, which is gained by living in a fast set at a small college, and contracting debt, and being rusticated, and being plucked. Thackeray. -To pluck away, to pull away, or to separate by pulling; to tear away. Lev. i. 16. He shall pluck away his crop with his feathers. -To pluck of,t to descend in regard to rank or title; to descend lower. Pluck off a little; I would not be a young count in your way. Shak. -To pluck up, to tear up by the roots, or from the foundation; to eradicate; to exterminate; to destroy; as, to pluck up a plant; to pluck up a nation. Jer. xii. 17.-To pluck up a heart or spirit, to assume or resume courage. Shak. Pluck (pluk), n. [Comp. Gael. and Ir. pluc, a lump, a knot, a bunch. With the use of the word in its figurative sense compare a bold heart, a lily-livered rascal, a man of another kidney, bowels of compassion, &c.] 1. The heart, liver, and lights of a sheep, ox, or other animal of the butchers' market. 2. Courage; spirit; resolution in the face of difficulties. Decay of English spirit, decay of manly pluck.' Thackeray. [Colloq.] If there's the pluck of a man among you three, you'll help me. Dickens. Pluck (pluk), 2. Same as Noble (a fish). Plucker (pluk'èr), n. One who or that which plucks. Thou setter up and plucker down of kings.' Shak. Pluckily (pluk'i-li), adv. In a plucky manner; spiritedly. [Colloq.] 'No,' said Frank, pluckily, as he put his horse into a faster trot. Trollope. Pluckless (pluk'les), a. Without pluck; faint-hearted. [Colloq.] Plucky (pluk'i), a. Spirited; mettlesome; courageous. Thackeray. [Colloq.] Pluff (pluf), v.t. To throw out smoke in quick and successive whiffs; to set fire to gunpowder; to throw out hair-powder in dressing the hair. [Scotch.] Pluff (pluf), n. A puff; a small quantity of dry gunpowder set on fire; hair-dressers' powder-puff. [Scotch.] The gout took his head, and he went out of the world like a pluff of powther. Galt. Pluffy (pluf'i), a. [Onomatopoetic.] Fluffy; flabby; blown up. 'Light pluffy hair.' Albert Smith. A good-looking fellow-a thought too pluffy, perhaps, and more than a thought too swaggering. Lever. Plug (plug), n. [D. plug, L. G. pluck, plugge, plugge, a bung, a peg; Sw. plugg, a peg; G. pflock, plug, peg; probably from the Celtic ultimately; W. ploc, a block, a plug; Gael. ploc, a club, a plug, a block.] 1. Any piece of wood or other substance used to stop a hole; a stopple.-2. A piece of wood driven horizontally into a wall, its end being then sawn away flush with the wall to afford a hold for the nailing up of dressings, &c.3. As much tobacco as is chewed at once; a chew; a quid. In the United States, a flat oblong cake of pressed tobacco moistened with molasses.-4. The little mass of substance used by a dentist to stop decayed teeth.-5. In mining, a core used in blasting. It is made of iron.-6. A gentleman's silk or dress hat. [Vulgar.]-Plug and feather, a mode of dividing hard stones by means of a long tapering wedge called the key, and wedge-shaped pieces of iron called feathers, which are driven into holes pre PLUMBAGINACEA viously drilled into the rock for the purpose, and thus forcibly split it. Plug (plug), v.t. pret. & pp. plugged; ppr. plugging. To stop with a plug; to make tight by stopping a hole; as, to plug a dedecayed tooth; to plug a wound with a dossil of lint to arrest bleeding. Dunglison. Plug-centre-bit (plug'sen-tér-bit), n. A modified form of the ordinary centre-bit, in which the centre-point or pin is enlarged into a stout cylindrical plug, which may exactly fill a hole previously bored, and guide the tool in the process of cutting out a cylindrical counter-sink around the same, as, for example, to receive the head of a screw-bolt. Plugger (plug'èr), n. One who or that which plugs; specifically, a dentist's instrument of various forms for driving and packing a filling material into a hole in a carious tooth. E. H. Knight. Plug-rod (plug'rod), n. The air-pump rod of a Cornish engine. Plum (plum), n. [A. Sax. plume; L.G. plume, plumme, O.G. phlume, pflûme, prume, Mod. G. pflaume, from L.L. pruna (Fr. prune), from L. prunum, a plum, from prunus-Gr. prounos, for proumnos, the plum-tree.] 1. The fruit of a tree belonging to the genus Prunus and the nat. order Rosacea; also, the tree itself, usually called plum-tree. About a dozen species are known, all inhabiting the north temperate regions of the globe. They are small trees or shrubs, with alternate leaves and white flowers, either solitary, or arranged in fascicles in the axils of the old leaves. The fruit is a drupe, containing a nut or stone with prominent sutures and inclosing a kernel. When dried it is served up at table at dessert under the name of prunes. The varieties of the plum are numerous and well known, and the species which is generally considered to have given rise to these is the Prunus domestica.-2. A grape dried in the sun; a raisin.-3. The sum of £100,000 sterling; hence, any handsome sum or fortune generally; sometimes a person possessing such a sum. [Colloq.] Dick hath done the sum; He'll swell my fifty thousand to a plum. Plumage (plum'aj), n. [Fr., from plume, a 4. A kind of play. feather.] The feathers that cover a bird. Byron. Will the falcon, stooping from above, Smit with her varying plumage, spare the dove. Plumassary (plu-mas'sa-ri), n. [Fr. plumasPope. serie.] A plume or collection of ornamental feathers. Plumassier (ply-mas'ser), n. [Fr.] One who prepares or deals in plumes or feathers for ornamental purposes. Plumbt (plum), n. An old spelling of Plum. Steele. Plumb (plum), n. [Fr. plomb, from L. plumbum, lead.] A mass of lead attached to a line, and used to ascertain when walls, &c., are perpendicular; a plummet. [Rarely used except in composition.] Plumb (plum), a. Standing according to a plumb-line; perpendicular; as, the post of the house or the wall is plumb. Plumb (plum), adv. In a perpendicular direction; in a line perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. They do not fall plumb down, but decline a little from the perpendicular. Bentley. Plumb (plum), v. t. 1. To adjust by a plumbline; to set in a perpendicular direction; as, to plumb a building or a wall.-2. To sound with a plummet, as the depth of water. [Rare.] Hence-3. To ascertain the measure, dimensions, capacity of, or the like; to test. He did not attempt to plumb his intellect. Ld. Lytton. Plumbaginaceae, Plumbagineæ (plumbaj'i-na"se-e, plum-ba-jin'e-e),n.pl. [L.plumbago, leadwort, from plumbum, a disease in the eyes it was supposed to cure. ] A nat. order of exogens, consisting of (chiefly maritime) herbs, somewhat shrubby below, with alternate leaves, and regular pentamerous, often blue or pink flowers, with a plaited calyx, stamens opposite the petals or corolla-lobes, and a free one-celled ovary, with a solitary ovule hanging from a long cord which rises from the base of the cell. As garden plants, nearly the whole of the order is much prized for beauty, particularly the Statices. The common thrift or sea-pink (Armeria maritima), with grasslike leaves and heads of bright pink flowers, PLUMBAGINOUS is a familiar example of this order. See PLUMBAGO, 2. Plumbaginous (plum-baj'i-nus), a. Resembling plumbago; consisting of or containing plumbago, or partaking of its properties. Plumbago (plum-ba'go), n. [L., from plumbum, lead.] 1. Another name for Graphite. See GRAPHITE, 1.-2. A genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Plumbaginacea (which see). It consists of perennial herbs or undershrubs, with pretty blue, white, or rose coloured flowers in spikes at the ends of the branches. P. europaea is employed by beggars to raise ulcers upon their bodies to excite pity. Its root contains a peculiar fat which gives to the skin a lead-gray colour, whence the plant has been called leadwort. P. scandens is remarkably acrid, and on this account is called herbe du diable, or the devil's herb, in St. Domingo. Plumb-bob (plum'bob), n. The conoidshaped metal bob or weight attached to the end of the plumb-line or plummet. Plumbean, Plumbeous (plum-be'an, plumbe'us), a. [L. plumbum, lead.] 1. Consisting of lead; resembling lead.-2. Dull; heavy; stupid. Heylin. Plumber (plum'èr), n. [From plumb; comp. Fr. plombier, a plumber.] 1. One who plumbs.-2. One who works in lead; especially, one who fits up lead pipes and other apparatus for the conveyance of gas and water, covers the roofs of buildings with sheets of lead, &c. Plumber-block (plum'èr-blok), n. A metal box or case for supporting the end of a revolving shaft or journal: also called a Pillow-block. It is adapted for being bolted to the frame or foundation of a machine, and is usually furnished with brass bearings for diminishing the friction of Plumber-block. the shaft, and a movable cover secured by bolts for tightening the bearings as they wear. Written also Plummer-block. Plumbery, Plummery (plum'èr-i), n. 1. Works in lead; manufactures of lead; the place where plumbing is carried on.-2. The business of a plumber. Plumbic (plum'bik), a. Pertaining to lead; derived from lead; as, plumbic acid. Plumbiferous (plum-bif'er-us), a. [L. plumbum, lead, and fero, to produce.] Producing lead. Plumbing (plum'ing), n. 1. The art of casting and working in lead, and applying it to various purposes connected with buildings, as in roofs, windows, pipes, &c.-2. The act or process of ascertaining the depth of anything; specifically, in mining, the operation of sounding or searching among mines.3. Lead pipes and other apparatus used for conveying water through a building. Plumb-line (plum'lin), n. 1. A cord or line having a metal bob or weight attached to one end: used to determine a perpendicular.-2. A line perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; or a line directed to the centre of gravity in the earth. See PLUMMET, PLUMB-RULE. Plumbosite (plum'bo-sit), n. Same as Boulangerite. Plum-broth (plum'broth), n. Broth containing plums or raisins. Pope. Plumb-rule (plum'röl), n. A narrow board with parallel edges having a straight line drawn through the middle, and a string carrying a metal weight attached at the upper end of the line. It is used by masons, bricklayers, carpenters, &c., for determining a perpendicular. Plumbum (plum'bum), n. [L] Lead. Plum-cake (plum'kāk), n. Cake containing raisins, currants, or other fruit. Plume (plum), n. [Fr., from L. pluma, the downy part of a feather, a small soft feather; cog. Armor. pla, W. pluf, plumage; Skr. plu, to swim, to fly, to sail in the air.] 1. The feather of a bird, particularly a large or conspicuous feather.-2. A feather or collection of feathers worn as an ornament, particularly an ostrich's feather; anything resembling or worn as such an ornament. His high plume that nodded o'er his head.' Dryden.-3. + Token of honour; prize of contest. 'Ambitious to win from me some plume.' Milton. 4. In bot. the ascending scaly part of the corcule or heart of a seed. See PLUMULE. 471 Plume (plum), v. t. pret. & pp. plumed; ppr. pluming. 1. To pick and adjust the plumes or feathers of. Swans must be kept in some inclosed pond, where they may have room to come on shore and plume themselves. Mortimer. 2. To strip of feathers; to strip. them. Such animals as feed upon flesh devour some part of the feathers of the birds they gorge themselves with, because they will not take the pains fully to plume Ray. They stuck not to say that the king cared not to plume the nobility and people to feather himself. Bacon. 3. To set as a plume. [Rare.] His stature reach'd the sky, and on his crest 4. To adorn with feathers or plumes; to feather. 'All plaided and plumed in their tartan array.' Campbell. This bird was hatched in the council of Lateran, anno 1215, fully plumed in the council of Trent. Bp. Hall. 5. To pride; to value; to boast. Used reflexively; as, he plumes himself on his skill or his prowess. Can anything in nature induce a man to pride and plume himself in his deformities? South. Plume-alum (plum'al-um), n. A kind of asbestos; feathery or fibrous alum. Plumeless (plum'les), a. Without feathers or plumes. (The bat's) transparent, plumeless wings.' Eusden. Plumelet (plum'let), n. 1. A small plume. 'When rosy plumelets tuft the larch. Tennyson.-2. In bot. a little plumule. Plume-maker (plum'māk-ér), n. A featherdresser; a manufacturer of funeral plumes. Simmonds. Plume-plucked (plum'plukt), a. Stripped of a plume; hence, fig. humbled; brought down. Plume-plucked Richard.' Shak. Plumery (plum'èr-i), n. Plumes collectively; a mass of plumes. Helms or shields Glittering with gold and scarlet plumery. Southey. Plumigerous (plu-mij'èr-us), a. [L. pluma, a feather, and gero, to wear.] Feathered; having feathers. Bailey. Plumiliform (plú-mil'i-form), a. [L. pluma, a feather, and forma, shape.] Having the shape of a plume or feather. Plumiped (plū'mi-ped), n. [L. pluma, a feather, and pes, pedis, a foot.] A bird that has feathers on its feet. Plumiped (plū'mi-ped), a. Having feet covered with feathers. Plumist (plum'ist), n. A dealer in or makerup of feathers for plumes. Moore. Plummer (plum'èr), n. Same as Plumber. Plummer-block (plum'ér-blok), n. Same as Plumber-block. Plummer's-pill (plum'èrz-pil), n. The compound calomel pill of the Pharmacopoeia. Plummet (plum'et), n. [For plumbet, from plumb; O.Fr. plommet, Mod. Fr. plomet. See PLUMB.] 1. A piece of lead or other metal attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water. I'll seek him deeper than e'er plummet sounded. Shak. 2. An instrument used by carpenters, masons, &c., in adjusting erections to a perpendicular line. The terms plummet, plumb-line, and plumb-rule, are often used synonymously.-3. Any weight. 'Counterpoised by a plummet fastened about the pulley.' Bp. Wilkins.-4. A piece of lead formerly used by schoolboys to rule their paper for writing. Plumming (plum'ing), n. In mining, the operation of finding by means of a mine dial the place where to sink an air-shaft, or to bring an adit to the work, or to find which way the lode inclines. Plumose (plü'mos), a. [L. plumosus, from pluma, a feather.] 1. Feathery; resembling feathers.-2. In bot. a plumose bristle is one that has hairs growing on the sides of the main bristle. A plumose pappus is composed of feathery hairs. Plumosity (plu-mos'i-ti), n. The state of being plumose. Plumous (plū'mus), a. Same as Plumose. Plump (plump), a. [Allied to D. plomp, unwieldy, bulky; G. Dan. and Sw. plump, clumsy, massive, coarse; from a verbal root seen in E. plim, to swell. According to Wedgwood from the verb plump, which he regards as imitative of the noise made by a heavy body falling into water; G. plumpen, to fall like a stone in the water, to plump; Sw. plumpa, to plump, to plunge.] 1. Swelled with fat or flesh to the full size; fat or stout in person; fleshy; chubby; as, a PLUMULE plump boy; a plump habit of body. Sir R. L'Estrange. Banish plump Jack.' Shak. 2. Having a full skin; tumid; distended. 'Sows his plump seed.' Fanshaw. The Cock was of a larger egg And crammed a plumper crop. Tennyson. 3. Blunt; unreserved; unqualified; downright; as, a plump lie. Wright. Plump (plump), n. 1. A knot; a cluster; a clump; a number of persons, animals, or things closely united or standing together. 'A plump of trees.' Sandys. A plump of fowl behold their foe on high. Sir W. Scott. The 2. A sudden heavy downfall of rain. thunder-plump that drookit me to the skin.' Galt. [Scotch.] Plump (plump), v.t. [From the adjective. ] 1. To make plump, full, or distended; to extend to fulness; to dilate; to fatten. The particles of air expanding themselves, plump out the sides of the bladder. Boyle. A wedding at our house will plump me up with good cheer. Sir R. L'Estrange. 2. To cause to fall suddenly and heavily; as, to plump a stone into water.-To plump a vote. See PLUMPER. Plump (plump), v.i. [See the adjective. But comp. also plumb, to fall plumb.] 1. To plunge or fall like a heavy mass or lump of dead matter; to fall suddenly or at once. 'Dulcissa plumps into a chair.' Steele.2. To grow plump; to enlarge to fulness; to be swelled.-3. To give only one vote when more than one candidate are to be elected. See PLUMPER. Plump (plump), adv. At once or with a sudden heavy fall; suddenly; heavily. "I 'He must fall plump.' Beau. & Fl Plump-armed (plump'ärmd), a. Having plump, well rounded or fat arms. 'A plumparmed ostleress.' Tennyson. Plumper (plump'èr), n. 1. One who or that which plumps: (a) something carried in the mouth to dilate the cheeks; anything intended to swell out something else. Swift. She dext'rously her plumpers draws, That serve to fill her hollow jaws. (b) In parliamentary and other elections, a vote given to one candidate when more than one are to be elected, which might have been divided among the number to be elected. Thus, in a parliamentary election, if there be more seats vacant than one for the same county or town, and a voter chooses to vote for only one of the candidates, he can give him but a single vote, which is then called a plumper. (c) One who gives such a vote.-2. A full unqualified lie; a downright falsehood. [Colloq.] Plump-faced (plump'fast), a. Having a plump or full round face. Plum-pie (plum-pi'), n. A pie containing plums. Plumply (plump'li), adv. Fully; roundly; without reserve; as, to assert a thing plumply. [Colloq.] Plumpness (plump'nes), n. The state or quality of being plump; fulness of skin; distention to roundness; as, the plumpness of a boy; plumpness of the cheek. Those convex glasses supply the defect of plump. ness in the eye. Sir I. Newton. Plum-porridge (plum-por'ij), n. Porridge made with plums, raisins, or currants. Plum-pudding (plum-pud'ing), n. Pudding containing raisins or currants. Plum-pudding-stone (plum'pud-ingstōn), n. In geol. a term now loosely applied to any conglomerate. Originally the term was restricted to a conglomerate of flint pebbles, from sections of the stone presenting some resemblance to slices of a plum-pudding. Plumpy (plump'i), a. Plump; fat; jolly. 'Plumpy Bacchus, with pink eyne.' Shak. Plum-tree (plum'trē), n. A tree that produces plums. See PLUM. Plumule (plüm'ül), n. [L. plumula, dim. of pluma, a feather.] In bot. the growing point of the embryo, situated at the apex of the radicle, and at the base of the cotyledons, by which it is protected when young. It is the rudiment of the future stem of a plant. In plants generally it is scarcely P, Plumule. PLUMY perceptible to the naked eye, and in many it does not appear till the seed begins to germinate. The cut shows the plumule in the dicotyledonous embryo of the common pea. Plumy (plum'i), a. [From plume.] 1. Feathered; covered with feathers.-2. Adorned with plumes. Appeared his plumy crest, besmear'd with blood.' Addison. Plunder (plun'dér), v.t. [G. plündern, D. plunderen, Sw. plondra, Dan." plyndre, to plunder. The word entered the English and also the other tongues about the time and in consequence of the Thirty Years' war: from G. plunder, baggage, trumpery, lumber.] 1. To take goods or valuables forcibly from; to pillage; to spoil; to strip; to rob in a hostile way. 'Nebuchadnezzar plunders the temple of God.' South.-2. To take by pillage or open force; as, the enemy plundered all the goods they found. A treasure richer far Than what is plundered in the rage of war. Dryden. SYN. To pillage, spoil, despoil, sack, rifle, strip, rob. Plunder (plun'dėr), n. [From the verb, except in meaning 4, which is from the German noun plunder, baggage. See the verb.] 1. The act of plundering; robbery. For my part, I abhor all violence, plunder, rapine, and disorders in souldiers. Prynne. 2. That which is taken from an enemy by force; pillage; prey; spoil. 'He shared in the plunder, but pitied the man.' Cowper. 3. That which is taken by theft, robbery, or fraud. - 4. Personal luggage; baggage of travellers; goods; effects. Baggage, which is called plunder in America." Coleridge. [United States. Goodrich also quotes a passage from Evelyn in which the word has this sense.]-SYN. Pillage, prey, spoil, rapine, booty. Plunderage (plun'dér-āj), n. In maritime law, the embezzlement of goods on board a ship. Plunderer (plun'dėr-ér), n. One who plunders. 'Robbers, plunderers and traitors.' Addison. Plunge (plunj), v.t. pret. & pp. plunged; ppr. plunging. [From Fr. plonger, from a hypothetical Latin form plumbicare, from plumbum, lead; lit. to fall like lead or to fall plumb.] 1. To thrust into water or other fluid substance, or into any substance that is easily penetrable; to immerse; to thrust; as, to plunge the body in water; to plunge the arm into fire or flame; to plunge a dagger into the breast. What, if the breath, that kindled those grim fires, Awaked, should blow them into sevenfold rage, And plunge us in the flames? Milton. The rough crowd Seized him, and bound and plunged him into a cell Of great piled stones. Tennyson. 2. To thrust or drive into any state or condition in which the thing is considered as enveloped or surrounded; as, to plunge one's self into difficulties or distress; to plunge a nation into war. Without a prudent determination in matters before us, we shall be plunged into perpetual errors. Watts. Plunge (plunj), v.i. pret. & pp. plunged; ppr. plunging. 1. To thrust or drive one's self into water or other fluid; to dive or to rush in. 'Forc'd to plunge naked in the raging sea." Dryden.-2. To fall or rush into distress or any state or circumstances in which the person or thing is enveloped, inclosed, or overwhelmed; as, to plunge into debt or embarrassment; to plunge into war; a body of cavalry plunged into the midst of the enemy. Bid me for honour plunge into a war, 3. To throw the body forward and the hindlegs up, as an unruly horse. Neither fares it otherwise than with some wild colt, which, at the first taking up, flings and plunges, and will stand no ground. Bp. Hall. -Plunging fire, in gun. shot poured down on an enemy from some eminence above. Plunge (plunj), n. 1. A dive, rush, or leap into something.-2. The act of pitching or throwing the body forward and the hindlegs up, as an unruly horse.-3. A state of being surrounded or overwhelmed with difficulties; difficulty; strait; distress. 472 And wilt thou not reach out a friendly arm, [In this sense obsolete or obsolescent.] Plunge-bath (plunj'bäth), n. A large bath in which persons can put themselves wholly under water. Plungeon (plun'jon), n. A sea-fowl; the diver. Ainsworth. Plunge - pole (plunj'pōl), n. The hollow pump-rod of a pumping-engine. Plunger (plunj'er), n. 1. One that plunges. 2. In milit. slang, a cavalry-man; pl. the cavalry. A dragful of Plungers.'. 'He has three sons in the Plungers.' Macmillan's Mag. 3. A cylinder sometimes used in force-pumps instead of the ordinary pistons or buckets. See PUMP.-4. The firing-pin or striker used in some breech-loading firearms.-5. In pottery, a vessel in which clay is beaten by a wheel into the required consistency. Ě. H. Knight.-Plunger-pump, a force-pump. Plungyt (plunj'i), a. Wet; rainy. Chaucer. Plunket (plung 'ket), n. A kind of blue colour. Ainsworth. Pluperfect (plö'pér-fekt), a. [L. plus quam perfectum, more than perfect.] In gram. applied to that tense of a verb which denotes that an action was finished at a certain period, to which the speaker refers. It marks the relation in order or time of an event which took place before another past action or event; as, all the judges had taken their places before Sir Roger came.' Addison. Plural (plö'ral), a. [L. pluralis, from plus, pluris, more.] Containing more than one; consisting of two or more, or designating two or more. 'Plural faith which is too much by one.' Shak. In gram. the plural number is that number or form of a word which designates more than one, that is, any number except one. Thus in most languages a word in the plural number expresses two or more. Some languages, like the Greek, have a dual number to express a pair, or two. Plural (plö'ral), n. A form of a word expressing more than one; the plural number. Pluralism (plöʻral-izm), n. ˆ1. The quality of being plural.-2. The state or condition of a pluralist; the system or act of holding more than one living or benefice. Pluralist (plö'ral-ist), n. A clerk or clergyman who holds more ecclesiastical benefices than one, with cure of souls. Plurality (plö-ral'i-ti), n. [Fr. pluralité, from L. pluralis, plural.] 1. The state of being plural; a number consisting of two or more of the same kind; as, a plurality of gods; a plurality of worlds. Sometimes it admitteth of distinction and plurality; sometimes it reduceth all into conjunction and unity. Bp. Pearson. 2. A state of being or having a greater number; the greater number; the majority. Take the plurality of the world and they are neither wise nor good. Sir R. L'Estrange. 3. Eccles. the holding of two or more benefices together; one of two or more benefices held at one time by the same clergyman. By the act 1 and 2 Vict. cvi. pluralities in the church are prohibited excepting in particular cases, such as where two livings are small in value and the population small, and where the livings are situated within 3 miles of each other. Who engross many pluralities under a non-resident and slubbring dispatch of souls.' Milton. Pluralization (plö'ral-i-zā"shon), n. The act of pluralizing; the attributing of plurality to a person by the use of a plural pronoun, as when the Germans say sie, they, in speaking to one person. 'A mode which, while dignifying the superior by pluralization, increases the distance of the inferior.' H. Spencer. Pluralize (plö'ral-iz), v. t. pret. & pp. pluralized; ppr. pluralizing. To make plural by using the termination of the plural number; to attribute plurality to; to express in the plural form. Pluralize (plö'ral-iz), v.i. Eccles. to hold more than one benefice at a time. Goodrich. Pluralizer (plö-ral-iz'ér), n. Eccles. a pluralist. Goodrich. Plurally (plö'ral-li), adv. In a plural manner; in a sense implying more than one. As gods are sometimes spoken of plurally, so also is God often singularly used for that supreme Deity which containeth the whole. Cudworth. Pluries (plö'ri-es), n. In law, a writ that issues in the third instance after the first People when put to a plunge, cry out to heaven for help. "Sir R. L'Estrange. PLUTO and the alias have been ineffectual: so named because the word pluries (as often) occurs in the first clause. Plurifarious (plö-ri-fa'ri-us), a. [L. plurifarius.] Of divers kinds or fashions; multifarious. Blount. Plurifoliolate (plö-ri-fö'li-o-lāt), a. [L. plus, pluris, more, and folium, a leaf.] In bot. having many small leaves. Asa Gray. Pluriliteral (plö-ri-lit'ér-al), a. [L. plus, more, and litera, a letter.] Containing more letters than three. Pluriliteral (plö-ri-lit'êr-al), n. A word conPlurilocular (plö-ri-lok'ü-lér), a. [L. plus, sisting of more letters than three. pluris, more, and loculus, a cell.] In bot. having many loculaments; multilocular, as the lemon, orange, &c. Pluriparous (plo-rip'a-rus), a. [L. plus, pluris, more, and pario, to produce.] Producing several young ones at a birth. A pluriparous animal.' H. Spencer. Pluripartite (plö-ri-pär'tit), a. [L_plus, pluris, more, and partitus, divided.] In bot. applied to an organ which is deeply divided into several nearly distinct portions. Pluripresence (plö-ri-pre'zens), n. [L. plus, pluris, more, and præsentia, presence.] Presence in more places than one. Johnson. Plurisyt (plö'ri-si), n. [L. plus, pluris, more.] 1. Superabundance. O great corrector of enormous times, 2. Superabundance of blood; a plethora Plus (plus). [L., more.] In alg. or arith. a character marked thus +, used as a sign of addition, and which being placed between two numbers or quantities, signifies that they are to be added together. Thus a+b signifies that b is to be added to a. Plush (plush), n. [Fr. pluche, peluche, It. peluzzo, from L. pilus, hair. See PILE.] A textile fabric with a sort of velvet nap or shag on one side, composed regularly of a woof of a single woollen thread and a double warp, the one wool of two threads twisted, the other of goats' or camels' hair. plushes are made in as great variety as velvets, both in texture and material-cotton, wool, silk, goats' hair, &c., being used in their fabrication. But Plusher (plush'èr), n. A kind of dog-fish. The pilchard is devoured by a bigger kind of fish called a plusher, somewhat like a dog-fish. Carew. Plus-quam-perfect (plus-kwam-perfekt), a. [L. plus, more, quam, than, and perfectus, perfect.] In gram. pluperfect. Pluteus (plö'tė-us), n. [L] 1. In anc. arch. the wall sometimes made use of to close the intervals between the columns of a building; it was either of stone or some less durable material when it occurred in the interior of a building; also, a balustrade; a parapet.-2. In class. milit. antiq. (a) boards or planks placed on the fortifications of a camp, on movable towers or other military engines, as a kind of roof for the protection of the soldiers. (b) A movable gallery on wheels, shaped like an arched sort of wagon, in which a besieging party made their approaches.-3. In zool. the name given to the larval form of the Echinoidea. Pluto (plö'tō), n. (Gr. Plouton.] In class. Pluto and Proserpine myth. the lord of the infernal regions, son of Chronos and Rhea, and brother of Zeus PLUTOCRACY (Jupiter) and Poseidon (Neptune). He is represented as an old man with a dignified but severe aspect, holding in his hand a two-pronged fork. He was generally called by the Greeks Hades, and by the Romans Orcus, Tartarus, and Dis. His wife was Persephone (Proserpine), daughter of Zeus (Jupiter) and Demeter (Ceres), whom Pluto seized in the island of Sicily while she was plucking flowers, and carried to the lower world. Plutocracy (plö-tok'ra-si), n. [Gr. Ploutos, the god of wealth, and krated, to rule.] The power or rule of wealth. He proceeded to tell us the consequence of the bill would be that plutocracy, forsooth, constituted the evil which loomed darkly in the future. Gladstone. Plutonian (plö-tō'ni-an), a. Pertaining to Pluto; Plutonic. 'The night's Plutonian shore.' Poe. Plutonian (plö-tō'ni-an), n. A Plutonist. Plutonic (plo-ton'ik), a. [From Pluto, the king of the infernal regions.] 1. Of or relating to Pluto or to the regions of fire; subterranean; dark.-2. Pertaining to or designating the system of the Plutonists; as, the Plutonic theory.-Plutonic action, in geol. the influence of volcanic heat and other subterranean causes, under pressure.-Plutonic rocks, unstratified crystalline rocks formed at great depth beneath the earth's surface by igneous fusion; or, rocks once stratified now altered by chemical action with or without heat. The term is opposed to volcanic rocks, also formed by fire, but having cooled at or near the surface. The Plutonic theory, which ascribes the changes on the earth's surface to the agency of fire, was first propounded, or at least most ably and strenuously maintained by Dr. James Hutton, an Edinburgh geologist in the end of the last century, and it was opposed with equal vigour by Werner, a celebrated German mineralogist and geologist, who maintained that all geological formations have been precipitated from water, or from a chaotic fluid; hence, the theories have been respectively designated the Huttonian and the Wernerian or Neptunian. Plutonism (plö'ton-izm), n. The doctrines of the Plutonists. Plutonist (plö'ton-ist), n. One who adopts the geological theory (Plutonic theory) that the present aspect and condition of the earth's crust are mainly due to igneous action. Plutus (plö'tus), n. In Greek myth. the personification of wealth, described as a son of Iasion and Demeter. Zeus is said to have blinded him, in order that he might not bestow his favours exclusively on good men, but that he might distribute his gifts without any regard to merit. Pluvial (plo'vi-al), a. [L. pluvialis, from pluvia, rain, from pluo, to rain.] 1. Rainy; humid; relating to rain.-2. In geol. applied to results and operations which depend on or arise from the action of rain. Pluvial (plö'vi-al), n. [Fr. pluvial.] A priest's cope or cloak for protection against rain. Pluviameter (plö-vi-am'et-ér), n. Same as Pluviometer. Pluviametrical (plö'vi-a-met”rik-al), a. Same as Pluviometrical. Pluviometer (plö-vi-om'et-èr), n. [L. pluvia, rain, and Gr. metron, measure.] A rain-gauge, an instrument for ascertaining the quantity of water that falls in rain, or in rain and snow, in a particular climate or place. Pluviometrical (plö'vi-o-met"rik-al),a. Pertaining to a pluviometer; made or ascertained by a pluviometer. Pluviose (plö'vi-os), n. [Fr. lit. rainy month.] The fifth month of the French revolutionary calendar, including Jan. 20Feb. 18 or 19. Pluvious (plö'vi-us), a. [L. pluviosus. ] Rainy; pluvial. 'A moist and pluvious air.' Sir T. Browne. Ply (pli), v.t. pret. & pp. plied; ppr. plying. [Formerly to bend, to fold, to turn or direct, the later meanings having been developed or influenced by the compound apply. To ply a person with blows is to keep him busy with them. From Fr. plier (also ployer), to fold, to bend, from L. plicare, to fold, to coil, to plait; same root as Gr. pleko, to plait. Compounds of ply are apply, comply, imply, reply, and with the collateral form ploy, deploy, employ; more directly from the Latin are complicate, implicate; and from the same 473 stem are complex, &c.] 1. To employ with diligence; to apply closely and steadily; to keep busy; as, to ply one's needle; to ply a hammer. Keep house and ply his book." Shak. Her gentle wit she plies To teach them truth. Spenser. The wearied Trojans ply their shattered oars. Dryden. 2. To practise or perform with diligence; to busy one's self in. Their bloody task, unwearied, still they ply. Waller. 3. To press hard with blows or missiles; to assail briskly; to beset. And plies him with redoubled strokes.' Dryden. The hero stands above, and from afar Plies him with darts and stones and distant war. Dryden. 4. To urge; to solicit with pressing or persevering importunity; to solicit, as for a favour. He plies the duke at morning and at night. Shak. Everybody who passed her turned to look after her; till coming to a stand of coaches, a coachman plied her; was accepted; alighted; opened the coach door in a hurry, seeing her hurry; &c. Richardson. 5. To present or offer to urgently and repeatedly; to urge persistently to accept; to press upon, especially with the view of conciliating favour, or with some ulterior object; as, to ply one with drink; to ply one with flattery. They adore him, they ply him with flowers, and hymns, and incense, and flattery. Thackeray. Ply (pli), v.i. 1. To bend; to yield. The willow plied and gave way to the gust. Sir R. L'Estrange. 2. To busy one's self; to be steadily employed; to work steadily. Ere half these authors be read (which will soon be with flying hard and daily), they cannot choose but be masters of any ordinary prose. Milton. Applied also to the instrument employed. He was forced to ply in the streets, as a porter, for his livelihood. Spectator. 4. To run regularly between any two ports or places, as a vessel or vehicle; to make trips: said also of the captain or conductor; as, the steamer plies between London and Ramsgate.-5. To go in haste. 'Thither he plies undaunted.' Milton.-6. Naut. to endeavour to make way against the wind. Ply (pli), n. 1. A fold; a plait; a twist. Often used in composition to designate the number of twists, &c.; as, a three-ply carpet. 2. Bent; turn; direction; bias. For it is true that late learners cannot so well take the ply, except it be in some minds that have not suf fered themselves to fix. Bacon. Their researches concerning this (pre-historic man) are profoundly interesting; but for our present business we have not to go back higher than historic man-man who has taken his fly, and who is already much like ourselves. Matt. Arnold. Plyer (pli'èr), n. 1. One who or that which plies.-2. pl. (a) In fort. a kind of balance used in raising and letting down a drawbridge, consisting of timbers joined in the form of St. Andrew's cross. (b) Same as Pliers. Plymouth Brethren, Plymouthites (pli'mouth breтH'ren, pli'mouth-its), n. pl. A sect of Christians who first appeared at Plymouth in 1830, but have since considerably extended over Great Britain, the United States, and among the Protestants of France, Switzerland, Italy, &c. They object to national churches as being too lax, and to dissenting churches as too sectarian, recognizing all as brethren who believe in Christ and the Holy Spirit as his Vicar. They acknowledge no form of church government nor any office of the ministry, all males being regarded by them as equally entitled to 'prophesy' or preach. Called also Darbyites, after Mr. Darby, originally a barrister, subsequently a clergyman of the Church of England, and latterly an evangelist unconnected with any church, to whose efforts their origin and the diffusion of their principles are much to be ascribed. Plymouthism (pli'mouth-izm), n. The doctrines of the Plymouth Brethren. Pneumathorax, Pneumatothorax (numa-thō'raks, núʼmat-ō-thō"raks), n. In med. same as Pneumothorax. Pneumatic(nū-mat′ik),a. [Gr. pneumatikos, from pneuma, pneumatos, air, breath, spirit, from pneō, to breathe or blow.] 1. Consisting of or resembling air; having the properties of an elastic fluid; gaseous; opposed to dense or solid substances. "The pneumatic substance being, in some bodies, the native spirit of the body.' Bacon.-2. Pertaining to air, or to elastic fluids, or their properties; as, PNEUMOLOGY pneumatic experiments; a pneumatic engine. 3. Moved or played by means of air; as, a pneumatic instrument of music.-4. Filled with or fitted to contain air; as, pneumatic cells. Lastly, most of the bones were pneumatic-that is to say, were hollow and filled with air. H. A. Nicholson, Pneumatic is applied to numerous instruments, machines, apparatus, &c., for experimenting on elastic fluids, or for working by means of the compression or exhaustion of air; as, pneumatic car; pneumatic despatchtube; pneumatic drill; pneumatic elevator; pneumatic hammer; pneumatic hoist; pneumatic pile; pneumatic pump; pneumatic railway; pneumatic syringe; &c. - Pneumatic paradox, that peculiar exhibition of atmospheric pressure which retains a valve on its seat under a pressure of gas, only allowing a film of gas to escape. - Pneumatic philosophy, a name formerly applied to the science of metaphysics or psychology; pneumatology. Dr. Pringle held the chair of ethics and pneu matic philosophy' in the university of Edinburgh. Pneumatic philosophy must here be taken in its old sense as meaning Psychology. J. H. Burton. -Pneumatic physicians, a name given to a sect of physicians, at the head of whom was Athenæus, who made health and disease to consist in the different proportions of a fancied spiritual principle, called pneuma, to those of the other elementary principles. Pneumatical (nũ-mat'ik-al), a. Same as Pneumatic. Pneumatical + (nu-mat'ik-al), n. A vaporous substance; a gas. Bacon. Pneumatics (nu-mat'iks), n. 1. That branch of physics which treats of the mechanical properties of elastic fluids, and particularly of atmospheric air. The chemical properties of elastic fluids (air and gases) belong to chemistry. Pneumatics treats of the weight, pressure, equilibrium, elasticity, density, condensation, rarefaction, resistance, motion, &c., of air; it treats also of air considered as the medium of sound (acoustics), and as the vehicle of heat, moisture, &c. It also comprehends the description of those machines which depend chiefly for their action on the pressure and elasticity of air, as the various kinds of pumps, artificial fountains, &c.-2. The doctrine of spiritual substances; pneumatology. Pneumatocele (nu mat-ō-sēl), n. [Gr. pneuma, pneumatos, air, and kēlē, a tumour.] In surg. a distension of the scrotum by air. Pneumatocyst (nu'mat-ō-sist), n. [Gr. pneuma, pneumatos, air, and kystis, a cyst.] In zool. the air-sac or float of certain of the oceanic Hydrozoa (Physophorida). Pneumatological (nu'ma-to-loj"ik-al), a. Pertaining to pneumatology. Pneumatologist (nu-ma-tol'o-jist), n. versed in pneumatology. Pneumatology (nu-ma-tol'o-ji), n. pneuma, pneumatos, air, breath, spirit, and logos, discourse.] 1. The doctrine of or a treatise on the properties of elastic fluids; pneumatics.-2. The branch of philosophy which treats of the nature and operations of mind or spirit, or a treatise on it. One [Gr. Considered as the science of mind or spirit, puenmatology consisted of three parts-treating of the Divine mind, Theology: the angelic mind, Angelology; and the human mind. This last is now called Psychology. Sir W. Hamilton. Pneumatometer (nu-ma-tom'et-ér), n. [Gr. pneuma, pneumatos, air, breath, and metron, a measure.] An instrument so constructed as to measure the quantity of air inhaled into the lungs at each inspiration and given out at each respiration; a spirometer. Called also Pneumometer. Pneumatophore (nü'mat-ō-fōr), n. [Gr. pneuma, pneumatos, air, and phero, to carry.] In zool. the proximal dilatation of the cœnosarc in the Physophorida which surrounds the pneumatocyst. Pneumatosis (nu-ma-to'sis), n. (Gr. pneumatoo, to inflate.] A windy swelling in any part of the body. Pneumogastric (nū-mō-gas'trik), a. (Gr. pneumon, a lung, and gaster, the belly.] In anat. pertaining to the lungs and stomach. -Pneumogastric nerves, a pair of nerves, extending over the viscera of the chest and abdomen, which regulate the functions of respiration and digestion. Pneumography (nu-mog'ra-fi), n. pneumon, a lung, and graphe, a description.] In anat. a description of the lungs. Pneumology (nú-mol ́o-ji), n. [Gr. pneumon, a lung, and logos, a discourse.] A treatise on the lungs; pneumography. [Gr. PNEUMOMETER Pneumometer (nũ - mom'et-ér), n. [Gr. pneumon, a lung, and metron, a measure.] See PNEUMATOMETER. Pneumometry (nu-mom'et-ri), n. The measurement of the capacity of the lungs for air. See PNEUMATOMETER. Pneumonia (nŭ-mõ’ni-a), n. [Gr. pneumōn, a lung, from pneō, to breathe.] In med. an inflammation of the lungs. Pneumonic (nu-mon'ik), a. the lungs; pulmonic. Pertaining to Pneumonic (nu-mon'ik), n. A medicine for affections of the lungs. Pneumonitic (nū-mō-nit′ik), a. Pertaining to pneumonitis. Inflamma Pneumonitis (nū-mō-nī'tis), n. tion of the lungs; pneumonia. Pneumony (nu'mo-ni), n. Same as Pneumonia. Pneumootoka (nũ-mō-ot'o-ka), n. [Gr. pneumon, a lung, don, an egg, and tokos, laying.] In zool. a subdivision of Vertebrata, including animals that breathe air and lay eggs, that is birds and the greater number of reptiles. Owen. Pneumoskeleton (nu-mō-ske'lē-ton), n. [Gr. pneumon, a lung, and E. skeleton.] In physiol. the hard structure connected with the breathing organs of certain animals. The shells of molluses are termed pneumoskeletons. H. A. Nicholson. Pneumothorax (nū'mō-thō-raks), n. [Gr. pneuma, air, and thorax, the chest.] In pathol. a collection of air in the cavity of the pleura. Pnigalion (ni-gali-on), n. [Gr. pnigalion, from pnigo, to choke.] In med. an incubus; a nightmare. Pnyx (niks), n. A name given to a place near Athens, at which assemblies were held for oratory and for the discussion of politi- | cal affairs of the state. Poa (pō'a), n. [Gr. poa, grass, or any plant that bears its leaves and seeds from the root.] A genus of useful agricultural plants belonging to the nat. order Gramineæ. They have a panicled inflorescence, manyflowered spikelets, hermaphrodite normal flowers, a pair of glumes, and paleæ membranous at the point, without being inflated or provided with any kind of armature. They are chiefly natives of the northern hemisphere, and are abundant. The British species are known by the name of meadowgrass. See MEADOW-GRASS. Poach (poch), v.t. [In meaning 1 directly from Fr. pocher, to poach eggs, from poche, a pouch, poke, or pocket (from the German), according to Littré the white of the egg forming a sort of pocket for the yolk. Meaning 2 is perhaps suggested by the slight degree of cooking necessary to poach eggs. As to meaning 3, see POACH, to steal game. See also POKE, POCKET.] 1. To cook (eggs) by breaking and pouring among boiling water; to cook with butter after breaking in a vessel; as, to poach eggs.-2.† To begin and not complete. So that, to speak truly, they (the Spaniards) have rather poached and offered at a number of enterprises, than maintained any constantly. Bacon. 3. To rob of game; to intrude or encroach upon for the purpose of stealing. So shameless, so abandoned are their ways, They poach Parnassus, and lay claim for praise. Garth. Poach (pōch), v.i. (Either from the above word, meaning originally to pouch or pocket thievishly, or a softened form of poke, to push, to intrude or push one's self where one has no business to be. Comp. O. Fr. pocher, to encroach.] To intrude or encroach on the property of another to steal or plunder; to steal game or carry it away privately; to kill or destroy game contrary to law. Poach (poch), v.t. [A later and softened form of poke, to thrust; comp. O.Fr. pocher, to dig out with the fingers. See POKE.] 1. To stab; to pierce; to spear; as, to poach fish.-2. To force or drive into so as to penetrate. His horse poaching one of his legs into some hollow ground.' Sir W. Temple. 3. To tread, as snow or soft ground, so as to render it broken and slushy. The poached filth that floods the middle street.' Tenny son. 474 Poachard (poch'ärd), n. [Lit. the poacher, one that poaches or pokes.] The name common to a genus of oceanic ducks (Fuligula), consisting of numerous species, natives of the Arctic Seas, but found in winter on the coasts of America, Europe, and Asia. Some occur in the southern hemisphere. The common poachard (F. ferina), called variously dunbird, red-headed poker, and redeyed poker, breeds in very northern regions, but is a frequent visitant of Britain, large numbers being sold annually in London. It visits the American coasts as far south as Carolina, and in Asia has been found in Bengal. In size it is intermediate between the mallard and widgeon. The scaup poachard is the F. marila; the tufted poachard is the F. cristata. All these ducks are fine eating. To the poachards also belongs the famed canvas-back duck of America (F. valisneria), a species highly prized for food. Poacher (poch'èr), n. One who poaches; one who steals game; one who kills game unlawfully. Poachiness (pōch'i-nes), n. The state of being poachy. Poachy (poch'i), a. [From poach, to thrust.] Wet and soft; easily penetrated, as by the feet of cattle: applied to land. Poacite (po'a-sit), n. [Gr. poa, grass.] In geol. a fossil monocotyledonous leaf; also a general term for fossil grass-like leaves. Poak, Poake (pōk), n. Waste arising from the preparation of skins, composed of hair, lime, oil, &c. Pocan, Pocan-bush (pō'kan, pō'kan-bush), n. Pokeweed, a plant of the genus Phytolacca, the P. decandria. See PHYTOLACCA. Pocard, Pochard (po'kard, poch'ärd), n. Same as Poachard. Pock (pok), n. [A. Sax. poc or poce, D. pok, G. pocke, a vesicle or pustule. Pox=pocks.] A pustule raised on the surface of the body in an eruptive disease, as the small-pox. Pock (pok), n. A poke; a pouch or bag. [Scotch.] Broken out, Pockarred + (pok'ärd), a. Pitted with the small-pox; pock-pitted. Pock-broken (pok'brōk-n), a. or marked with small-pox. Pocket (pok'et), n. [A dim. of poke, a pouch or bag, but directly from the French. See POKE.] 1. A small bag inserted in a garment for carrying small articles. A fellow that has but a groat in his pocket may have a stomach capable of a ten-shilling ordinary. Congreve. 2. A small bag or net to receive the balls in billiards.-3. A certain quantity; as, a pocket of hops, as in other cases we use sack. 4. In mineral. a small cavity in a rock, or on its surface, containing gold; a mass of rich ore. For illustrative extract, see PLACER.-A pocket of wool, a pocket of hops, the quantity of half a sack, generally about 168 lbs. To have in one's pocket, to have complete control of. Dr. Proudie had interest with the government, and the man carried, as it were, Dr. Proudie in his pocket. Trollope. -To be in pocket, to have gain or profit.To be out of pocket, to expend or lose money; as, to be out of pocket by a transaction. [Pocket is often used in forming compounds denoting that which pertains to or is carried in a pocket.] Pocket (pok'et), v. t. 1. To put or conceal in the pocket; as, to pocket a penknife.-2. To take clandestinely.-To pocket an insult, affront, wrong, or the like, to receive it without resenting it, or at least without seeking redress. The king cringed to his rival that he might trample on his people, sank into a viceroy of France, and pocketed, with complacent infamy, her degrading insults, and more degrading gold. Macaulay. Failing to be convinced by your neighbour's arguments, you confess yourself a poltroon if you pocket what you think your wrongs. De Quincey. Pocket-book (pok'et-buk), n. A small book or case, used for carrying papers in the pocket. Pocket-borough (pok'et-bu-ro), n. Α borough, the power of electing a member of parliament for which is in the hands of one or a few persons. Pocket-flap (pok'et-flap), n. The piece that covers the pocket-hole, as in a coat. Pocketful (pok'et-ful), n. Enough to fill a pocket; as much as a pocket will hold. Pocket-hammer (pok'et-ham'èr), n. A hammer adapted for carrying in the pocket; a geologist's hammer. He who with pocket-hammer smites the edge PODARGUS Pocket-handkerchief (pok-et-hand'kérchef), n. A handkerchief carried in the pocket for use. Pocket-hole (pok'et-hōl), n. The opening into a pocket. Pocket-knife (pok'et-nif), n. A knife suited for carrying in the pocket with one or more blades which fold into the handle. Pocket-lid (pok'et-lid), n. The flap over the pocket-hole; pocket-flap. Pocket-money (pok'et-mun-i), n. Money for the pocket or for occasional expenses. Pocket-picking (pok'et-pik-ing), n. Act or practice of picking pockets; the trade of a pickpocket. Pocket-piece (pok'et-pēs), n. A coin to be kept in the pocket and not spent: generally a coin not current. His purse... containing three shillings and sixpence, and a pocketpiece brought from Virginia.' Thackeray. Pocket-pistol (pok-et-pis'tol), n. 1. A pistol to be carried in the pocket.-2. A small flask of liquor carried in the pocket. [Colloq.] Pocket-sheriff (pok'et-sher-if), n. A sheriff appointed by the sole authority of the sovereign, and not one of the three nominated in the exchequer. Pocket-volume (pok'et-vol-um), n. A volume which can be carried in the pocket. Pock-fretten (pok'fret-n), a. Pitted with small-pox. Pock-hole (pok'hōl), n. The pit or scar made by a pock. Pockiness (pok'i-nes), n. The state of being pocky. Pockmanky, Pockmanty (pok-mang'ki, pok-man'ti), n. A portmanteau. Written also Pockmanteau. [Scotch.] It's been the gipsies that took your pockmanky when they fand the chaise sticking in the snaw. Sir W. Scett. Mark or scar Pockmark (pok'märk), n. made by the small-pox. Pock-pitted (pok' pit-ed), a. Pitted or marked with small-pox. Pock-pitten (pok'pit-n), a. Same as Pockpitted. 'That great pock-pitten fellow.' Tennyson. Pock-pudding (pok'pud-ing), n. [Scotch] 1. A pudding, generally of oatmeal, cooked in a cloth bag.-2. A glutton: an opprobrious epithet formerly applied to Englishmen. Burt. Pockwood (pok'wyd), n. Guaiacum officinale or lignum-vita. Pocky (pok'i), a. 1. Having pocks or pustules; infected with an eruptive distemper, but particularly with the venereal disease.— 2. Vile; rascally; mischievous; contemptible. [Vulgar.] Poco (po'ko). [It.] In music, a little: a word frequently prefixed to another to lessen the strength of its signification; as, poco largo, a little slow. Poculent + (pok'u-lent), a. [L. poculentus, from poculum, a cup.] Fit for drink. Bacon. Poculiform (pok'ü-li-form), a. [L. poculum, a cup, and forma, form.] Cup-shaped. Pod (pod), n. [The analogy of cod, which signifies a bag, a cushion, as well as the pod or bag-like fruit of beans and peas, would lead us to connect pod with Dan. pude, Sw. puta, a pillow or cushion. Wedgwood. Probably allied also to pad, a cushion.] A vague term applied to a considerable number of different specific pericarps or seed-vessels of plants, such as the legume, the loment, the siliqua, the silicle, the follicle, the conceptacle, the capsule, &c. Pod (pod), v.i. pret. podded; ppr. podding. 1. To swell and assume the appearance of a pod.-2. To produce pods. Pod (pod), n. The straight channel or groove in the body of certain forms of augers and boring-bits. Podagra (pod'a-gra), n. [Gr., from pous, podos, the foot, and agra, a taking or seizure.] Gout in the foot. See GOUT. Podagral (pod'a-gral), a. Same as Podagric. Podagric, Podagrical (po-dag'rik, po-dag'rik-al), a. [See PODAGRA.] 1. Pertaining to the gout; gouty; partaking of the gout. 'That podagrical pain which afflicts you.' Howell.-2. Afflicted with the gout. A loadstone held in the hand of one that is dagrical doth either cure or give great ease in the gout. Sir T. Browne. Podagrous (pod'a-grus), a. Same as Podagric. Podargus (po-dar'gus), n. [Gr. pous, podos, a foot, and argos, swift.] A genus of Australasian nocturnal birds of the family Caprimulgidæ, and nearly allied to the true |